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Mathematical model of the Big Bang
The Lambda-CDM, Lambda cold dark matter, or ΛCDM model is a mathematical model of the Big Bang theory with three major components: a cosmological constant
Lambda-CDM_model
Energy driving the accelerated expansion of the universe
It also slows the rate of structure formation. Assuming that the lambda-CDM model of cosmology is correct, dark energy dominates the universe, contributing
Dark_energy
Models of the universe which deviate from then-current scientific consensus
dark energy. Lambda-CDM has been a successful model, but recent observational evidence seem to indicate significant tensions in Lambda-CDM, such as the
Non-standard_cosmology
Physical theory of the cosmos
(WMAP), show that the data is well-fit by a Lambda-CDM model in which dark matter is assumed to be cold. This CDM is estimated to make up about 23% of the
Big_Bang
Equations in physical cosmology
description is also associated with the further developed Lambda-CDM model. The FLRW model was developed independently by the named authors in the 1920s
Friedmann_equations
Hypothetical type of dark matter in physics
cold dark matter (CDM) is a hypothetical type of dark matter. According to the current standard model of cosmology, the Lambda-CDM model, approximately 27%
Cold_dark_matter
Cosmological models involving indefinite, self-sustaining cycles
models regained attention by the mid 2020s, when tensions between the Lambda-CDM model predictions and DESI mapping observations regarding dynamic dark energy
Cyclic_model
Principle that humans are not privileged observers of the universe
superclusters, filaments and great voids. In the current Lambda-CDM model, the predominant model of cosmology in the modern era, the universe is predicted
Copernican_principle
Increase in distance between parts of the universe
is modeled mathematically with the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric. The consensus or "standard" model of cosmology, the Lambda-CDM model
Expansion_of_the_universe
is 13.7 billion years old (within one percent error) and that the Lambda-CDM model and the inflationary theory are correct. No other cosmological theory
History of the Big Bang theory
History_of_the_Big_Bang_theory
Metric based on the exact solution of Einstein's field equations of general relativity
have been developed into the Standard Model of modern cosmology and further developed into the Lambda-CDM model. The metric is a consequence of assuming
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker_metric
Cosmological phenomenon
is used in the standard model of cosmology, which also includes cold dark matter (CDM) and is known as the Lambda-CDM model. In the decades since the
Accelerating expansion of the universe
Accelerating_expansion_of_the_universe
Topics referred to by the same term
CDM Lambda-CDM model or ΛCDM model, standard cosmological model of the universe This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title CDM
CDM
of the universe, have led to the development of the Lambda-CDM model of the universe. This model suggests that the universe is composed of approximately
Golden_age_of_cosmology
Cosmological formulas for expanding universe
values as of 2015: H0=67.74 and OmegaM=0.3089 (see Table/Planck2015 at "Lambda-CDM model#Parameters" ) Staff (2018). "UCLA Cosmological Calculator". UCLA. Retrieved
Distance_measure
Study of the universe
parameterization of the Big Bang with dark matter and dark energy, known as the Lambda-CDM model. Theoretical astrophysicist David N. Spergel has described cosmology
Cosmology
Theories about the end of the universe
{\displaystyle \Omega >1} . This is the case in the currently accepted Lambda-CDM model, where dark energy is found through observations to account for roughly
Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
played a key role in establishing the current Standard Model of Cosmology: the Lambda-CDM model. The WMAP data are very well fit by a universe that is
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe
Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe
Topics referred to by the same term
physics The Standard Solar Model of solar astrophysics The Lambda-CDM model, the standard model of big bang cosmology Standard model (cryptography) Intended
Standard model (disambiguation)
Standard_model_(disambiguation)
Trace radiation from the early universe
Astronomy textbook Lambda-CDM model – Mathematical model of the Big Bang List of cosmological computation software Non-standard cosmology – Models of the universe
Cosmic_microwave_background
Vast empty spaces between filaments with few or no galaxies
the context of the standard general-relativistic cosmological model, the Lambda-CDM model, in which the Universe is on average expanding, the spatial curvature
Void_(astronomy)
Process during the early universe
measurement of the baryon-to-photon ratio, one of the six parameters in the Lambda-CDM model of cosmology. Deuterium in particular is extraordinarily sensitive
Big_Bang_nucleosynthesis
Everything in space and time
version of the model with a cosmological constant (Lambda) and cold dark matter, known as the Lambda-CDM model, provides an excellent account of most observations
Universe
Cosmological model
of concentric circles compared to simulations based on the standard Lambda-CDM model of cosmology, quoting a 6-sigma significance of the result. However
Conformal_cyclic_cosmology
Hypothetical invisible cosmic material
which entire galaxies appear like tiny particles. In the standard Lambda-CDM model of cosmology, the mass–energy content of the universe is 5% ordinary
Dark_matter
Branch of physics that studies mathematical models of the universe
species of neutrino. The ΛCDM (Lambda cold dark matter) or Lambda-CDM model is a parametrization of the Big Bang cosmological model in which the universe contains
Physical_cosmology
Subfield of cosmology
aftermath of the Big Bang. The simplest model in general agreement with observed phenomena is the Lambda-CDM model—that is, clustering and merging allows
Galaxy formation and evolution
Galaxy_formation_and_evolution
Theory of forces and subatomic particles
The model is inconsistent with the emerging Lambda-CDM model of cosmology. Contentions include the absence of an explanation in the Standard Model of particle
Standard_Model
Cosmological solution to the Einstein field equations of general relativity
for more mathematical properties Deceleration parameter Causal patch Lambda-CDM model Adler, Ronald; Bazin, Maurice; Schiffer, Menahem (1965). Introduction
De_Sitter_universe
Cosmological time duration
of the universe. One is based on a particle physics model of the early universe called Lambda-CDM, matched to measurements of features from very early
Age_of_the_universe
Local and global geometry of the universe
shape of the universe Classification of possible universes in the Lambda-CDM model. Fagundes, Helio V. (December 2002). "Exploring the global topology
Shape_of_the_universe
Deliberately simplistic scientific model
metric in general relativity, which allows closed timelike curves; the Lambda-CDM model of cosmology, in which general relativistic effects of structure formation
Toy_model
Anglo-Australian Telescope survey, 1997–2002
largest structures in the universe known to date (see also Huge-LQG). Lambda-CDM model Dark matter Final Status of Survey Observations Archived March 4, 2007
2dF_Galaxy_Redshift_Survey
Lyman-break galaxy in the constellation Aquarius
fourth most distant galaxy known to date. According to the modern Lambda-CDM model, this redshift corresponds to a time approximately 310 million years
PAN-z14-1
Astrophysical models for the formation of galaxies and clusters of galaxies
formation applies models of gravitational instability to small ripples in mass density to predict these shapes. The modern Lambda-CDM model is successful
Structure_formation
Unresolved discrepancy in cosmology
theorists to reexamine their models and predict that gas must flow between galaxies and galaxy clusters. The Lambda-CDM model of the big bang predicts that
Missing_baryon_problem
Numerical observation in cosmology
force or field. According to 2018 Planck analysis of the Lambda-CDM model, the standard model of cosmology, the ratio of the dark energy density to the
Cosmic_coincidence_problem
Value representing energy density of space
is in most respects the simplest solution. Thus, the Lambda-CDM model, the current standard model of cosmology which uses the FLRW metric, includes the
Cosmological_constant
Model of the Universe proposed 1932
matter contributes around 25 percent, as in the modern Lambda-CDM model. The Einstein–de Sitter model remains a good approximation to our universe in the
Einstein–de_Sitter_universe
Horizon appearing on a cosmological scale
{\frac {3}{\Lambda }}}={\frac {c}{{\sqrt {\Omega _{\Lambda }}}H_{0}}}=17.55\ {\textrm {Gly}}.} The current concordance or Lambda-CDM model of cosmology
Cosmological_horizon
Scientific field of study
include the replacement of the geocentric model of the Solar System with the heliocentric Copernican model, the laws governing the motion of planetary
Physics
Theories in particle physics and cosmology
dimension, and then no reference to the bulk is appropriate. In the bulk model, at least some of the extra dimensions are extensive (possibly infinite)
Brane_cosmology
Observed discrepancy in galactic angular momenta
fits to model profiles for dark matter halos. This so-called cuspy halo problem is a persistent problem for the standard Lambda-CDM model. Models with approximately
Galaxy_rotation_curve
Observation in physical cosmology
somewhat improbable. However, in the standard Lambda cold dark matter model (Lambda-CDM or ΛCDM model), q will tend to −1 from above in the distant future
Hubble's_law
Change in wavelength of light
parameter values as of 2018, H0=67.4 and OmegaM=0.315; see the table at Lambda-CDM model § Parameters. "ICRAR Cosmology Calculator". International Centre for
Redshift
Method of statistical inference
parameters in Lambda-CDM model are not predicted by a theory, but rather fitted from Cosmic microwave background (CMB) data to a chosen model of cosmology
Bayesian_inference
Cosmological model in which the observable universe is the interior of a black hole
A black hole cosmology, or Schwarzschild cosmology, is a cosmological model in which the observable universe is the interior of a black hole. During gravitational
Black_hole_cosmology
Model for the origin of the universe
hypothesis is a cosmological model for the origin of the known universe. It was originally suggested as a phase of the cyclic model or oscillatory universe
Big_Bounce
Hypothesis about sapient life and the universe
Boltzmann universes. While most of the universe is featureless in this model, to Boltzmann, it is unremarkable that humanity happens to inhabit a Boltzmann
Anthropic_principle
Computer simulation of the universe
the universe. The Bolshoi simulation used the now-standard ΛCDM (Lambda-CDM) model of the universe and the WMAP five-year and seven-year cosmological
Bolshoi cosmological simulation
Bolshoi_cosmological_simulation
Theory of rapid universe expansion
r 2 d r 2 + r 2 d Ω 2 . {\displaystyle ds^{2}=-(1-\Lambda r^{2})\,c^{2}dt^{2}+{1 \over 1-\Lambda r^{2}}\,dr^{2}+r^{2}\,d\Omega ^{2}.} This exponentially
Cosmic_inflation
years old (within one percent error), and are very consistent with the Lambda-CDM model and the density fluctuations predicted by inflation. 2003 – The Sloan
Timeline of cosmological theories
Timeline_of_cosmological_theories
History and future of the universe
this day. A high-precision version of the Big Bang model using conventional physics, known as Lambda-CDM, agrees with a wide array of astrophysical observations
Chronology_of_the_universe
Hypothesized early universe process
observations of the nucleosynthesis model constrains the value of this baryon asymmetry factor. In particular, if the model is computed with equal amounts
Baryogenesis
Subfield of astronomy
Some widely accepted and studied theories and models in astrophysics, now included in the Lambda-CDM model, are the Big Bang, cosmic inflation, dark matter
Astrophysics
Equation of state in cosmology
{\displaystyle 3{\frac {\ddot {a}}{a}}=\Lambda -4\pi G\left(\varepsilon +3p\right)} where Λ {\displaystyle \Lambda } is the cosmological constant and G {\displaystyle
Equation_of_state_(cosmology)
Hypothetical group of multiple universes
of multiple universes. Some other multiverse concepts include twin-world models, cyclic theories, M-theory, and black-hole cosmology. The anthropic principle
Multiverse
universe List of measurements of the Hubble constant Cosmic age problem Lambda-CDM model FLRW metric BOOMERanG experiment Brush, Stephen G. (2001). "Is the
List of estimates of the age of the universe
List_of_estimates_of_the_age_of_the_universe
Astronomical problem concerning the age of the universe
acceptance of dark energy and the establishment of the Lambda-CDM model as the standard model of cosmology. The presence of dark energy implies that the
Cosmic_age_problem
one from cosmic microwave background measurements combined with the Lambda-CDM model. These two values disagree to a high degree of statistical confidence
List of unsolved problems in physics
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_physics
predict results that are inconsistent with the observational data. Lambda-CDM model Hu (1994-06-28) Bucher, Moodley & Turok (2000-07-24), p. 3 Bucher,
Primordial isocurvature baryon model
Primordial_isocurvature_baryon_model
Hypothetical scenario for the ultimate fate of the universe
static model; Willem demonstrated that his equations could describe a very simple universe. Finding no problems initially, scientists adapted the model to
Big_Crunch
Hypothetical form of dark energy
acoustic oscillations. They found violations of the standard model of cosmology, the Lambda-CDM model, within 4 standard deviations. They reported acceleration
Phantom_dark_energy
Elliptical galaxy smaller than normal ones
be primordial objects. Within the currently favoured cosmological Lambda-CDM model, small objects (consisting of dark matter and gas) were the first to
Dwarf_elliptical_galaxy
Type of event in the early universe
alternatively when the mean free path of the photons λ {\displaystyle \lambda } was approximately equal to the horizon size of the universe H − 1 {\displaystyle
Decoupling_(cosmology)
American astronomer (born 1936)
Redshift Expansion of the universe FLRW metric Friedmann equations Lambda-CDM model Future of an expanding universe Ultimate fate of the universe Components
Robert_Woodrow_Wilson
Velocity of an object relative to a rest frame
of experimental bulk flow values are not in good agreement with the Lambda-CDM model. Schönrich, R.; Binney, J. (2010). "Local kinematics and the local
Peculiar_velocity
Model of the universe – alternative to the Big Bang model
cosmology, the steady-state model or steady-state theory was an alternative to the Big Bang theory. In the steady-state model, the density of matter in
Steady-state_model
Star-containing portion of a galactic halo
furthest stellar halos detected are at a redshift distance of 1. In the Lambda-CDM model of the universe, galaxies grow by mergers. Such mergers are the cause
Stellar_halo
Scientific theory of the origin of chemical elements
Redshift Expansion of the universe FLRW metric Friedmann equations Lambda-CDM model Future of an expanding universe Ultimate fate of the universe Components
Alpher–Bethe–Gamow_paper
Dimensionless measure in cosmology
decreasing Hubble parameter, except in the case of the distant future of a Lambda-CDM model, where q {\displaystyle q} will tend to −1 from above and the Hubble
Deceleration_parameter
German astronomer and mathematician (1571–1630)
Keplerian model, predicted the transit, and then built apparatus to observe the transit. He remained a firm advocate of the Keplerian model. Epitome of
Johannes_Kepler
Cosmological model in which the universe does not expand
cosmological constant with value precisely Λ E = 4 π G ρ / c 2 {\displaystyle \Lambda _{E}=4\pi G\rho /c^{2}} , where G {\displaystyle G} is Newtonian gravitational
Static_universe
cyclical model for the Universe, wherein there are alternating cycles consisting of Big Bangs and Big Crunches, and he describes this model to be "a bit
Religious interpretations of the Big Bang theory
Religious_interpretations_of_the_Big_Bang_theory
Italian physicist and astronomer (1564–1642)
This discovery provided evidence in favour of Copernicus's heliocentric model model. Galileo named the group of four the Medicean stars, in honour of his
Galileo_Galilei
All of space observable from the Earth at the present
mainstream cosmological models propose that the universe has any physical boundary in the first place. However, some models propose it could be finite
Observable_universe
Hypothesis proposing a modification of Newton's laws
targets Dark matter – Hypothetical invisible cosmic material Lambda-CDM model – Mathematical model of the Big Bang Galaxy rotation curve – Observed discrepancy
Modified_Newtonian_dynamics
Galaxy in the constellation Cetus
found to be core-dominated, in agreement with predictions from the lambda-CDM model of cosmology. "NGC 755". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de
NGC_755
Possibly one of the oldest galaxies observed
November 2022. (H0=67.4 and OmegaM=0.315 (see Table/Planck2018 at "Lambda-CDM model#Parameters" ) Harikane, Yuichi; Ouchi, Masami; Oguri, Masamune; Ono
F200DB-045
Cosmological model
In physical cosmology, the Big Rip is a hypothetical cosmological model concerning the ultimate fate of the universe, in which the matter of the universe
Big_Rip
Dark galaxy in the Perseus cluster
theories of galaxy formation. Since dark galaxies are a prediction of the Lambda-CDM model, the prevalence of dark galaxies is an important test of the theory
CDG-2
Theoretical form of dark matter particles which travel near the speed of light
in Gifu, Japan are currently studying these neutrinos. Lambda-CDM model – Mathematical model of the Big Bang Modified Newtonian dynamics – Hypothesis
Hot_dark_matter
Astronomical concept
the value of the Hubble parameter today. In the Lambda-CDM model, the currently favoured geometric model of our Universe, the "angular diameter distance"
Angular_diameter_distance
Largest structures in the universe, made of galaxies
.445T. doi:10.1086/313203. ISSN 0067-0049. "Giant galaxy string defies models of how Universe evolved". Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA. January 7,
Galaxy_filament
Study of the origin of the universe (structure and evolution)
framework known as the Lambda-CDM model which explains the evolution of the universe in terms of its constituent material. This model has subsequently been
Observational_cosmology
American astrophysicist
explored models of complex, self-interacting dark matter to address discrepancies in galaxy centers and small-scale challenges to the Lambda-CDM model. His
James_Steven_Bullock
Lyman-break galaxy that is one of the oldest galaxies known
November 2022. (H0=67.4 and OmegaM=0.315 (see Table/Planck2018 at "Lambda-CDM model#Parameters" ) Castellano, Marco; et al. (July 2022). "Early Results
GHZ2
English theoretical physicist (1942–2018)
friends with whom he enjoyed board games, the manufacture of fireworks, model aeroplanes and boats, and long discussions about Christianity and extrasensory
Stephen_Hawking
Expansion of the universe parameter
88 km/s/Mpc (The Hubble time is 13.79 billion years). Cosmological principle Lambda-CDM model Redshift p. 6: "The Universe has gone through three distinct eras:
Scale_factor_(cosmology)
Reconciliation between dark energy and dark matter
TeVeS, BSTV, etc. Dark fluid theory also suggests new models, such as a certain f(K+R) model that suggests interesting corrections to MOND that depend
Dark_fluid
Fluctuations in the density of the normal matter of the universe
{kc^{2}}{a^{2}}}+{\frac {\Lambda c^{2}}{3}}\\{\dot {H}}+H^{2}=&{\frac {\ddot {a}}{a}}&=&-{\frac {4\pi G}{3}}\left(\rho +{\frac {3p}{c^{2}}}\right)+{\frac {\Lambda c^{2}}{3}}\end{array}}}
Baryon_acoustic_oscillations
Strongly lensed Type II-P supernova in the constellation Sagittarius
November 2022. (H0=67.4 and OmegaM=0.315 (see Table/Planck2018 at "Lambda-CDM model#Parameters" ) Coulter, David; et al. (2026). "A spectroscopically confirmed
SN_Eos
Theory that the universe is the same in all directions
and assumed by all models that use the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric, including the current version of the ΛCDM model, or is the universe
Cosmological_principle
High-redshift Lyman-break galaxy that is one of the oldest galaxies known
November 2022. (H0=67.4 and OmegaM=0.315 (see Table/Planck2018 at "Lambda-CDM model#Parameters" ) Curtis-Lake, Emma; et al. (December 2022). "Spectroscopy
JADES-GS-z13-0
Digitized astronomical surveys
Redshift Expansion of the universe FLRW metric Friedmann equations Lambda-CDM model Future of an expanding universe Ultimate fate of the universe Components
Digitized_Sky_Survey
Measurement of distance
Redshift Expansion of the universe FLRW metric Friedmann equations Lambda-CDM model Future of an expanding universe Ultimate fate of the universe Components
Comoving_and_proper_distances
light-years. This list uses the mean cosmological parameters of the Lambda-CDM model based on results from the 2015 Planck collaboration, where H0 = 67
List_of_largest_galaxies
Topics referred to by the same term
degree to which multiple measurements of the same thing are similar Lambda-CDM model of big-bang cosmology Link concordance, a relation between mathematical
Concordance
Class of hypothetical redshift mechanisms
for the redshift-distance relationship. These models have been proposed as alternatives to the models that involve the expansion of the universe. The
Tired_light
Possible fate of the universe
Bounce – Model for the origin of the universe Big Crunch – Hypothetical scenario for the ultimate fate of the universe Big Rip – Cosmological model Chronology
Heat_death_of_the_universe
LAMBDA CDM-MODEL
LAMBDA CDM-MODEL
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Lambden in Berwickshire.
Female
Greek
(Λαμία) Greek myth name of an evil spirit who abducts and devours children, LAMIA means "large shark." The name means "vampire" in Latin and "fiend" in Arabic.
Surname or Lastname
Vietnamese
Vietnamese : unexplained.English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Caen in Calvados, France (see Cain).English : habitational name from Cam in Gloucestershire.Czech (ÄŒam) : from the personal name ÄŒamir.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of Lamb 1 and 2.English : from an Old Norse personal name Lambi, from lamb ‘lamb’.
Girl/Female
Australian, British, English, Irish, Latin, Vietnamese
Orange Fruit; Man with Crooked Nose; Sweet; Mountain Sunset
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, German, Turkish
Ruler
Girl/Female
Muslim
Flame
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English lamb, a nickname for a meek and inoffensive person, or a metonymic occupational name for a keeper of lambs. See also Lamm.English : from a short form of the personal name Lambert.Irish : reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Luain (see Lane 3). MacLysaght comments: ‘The form Lamb(e), which results from a more than usually absurd pseudo-translation (uan ‘lamb’), is now much more numerous than O’Loan itself.’Possibly also a translation of French agneau.
Girl/Female
Indian
Ambitious
Female
Vietnamese
 Vietnamese name CAM means "orange." Compare with another form of Cam.
Female
Italian
Italian form of English Amber, AMBRA means "amber."
Girl/Female
American, British, English
Ruler
Girl/Female
Indian
Flame
Female
Spanish
Feminine form of Spanish Amado, AMADA means "beloved."
Boy/Male
Australian, British, English, Gaelic, Irish, Scottish
Orange Fruit; Man with Crooked Nose
Boy/Male
Gaelic Scottish
Crooked mouth; and of Cameron: Bent nose; crooked river.
Girl/Female
Indian, Oriya, Telugu
Raising
Girl/Female
Arabic, Indian, Muslim, Pashtun, Sanskrit
Flame; Large; Spacious; Tall; Another Name for Durga and Lakshmi
Girl/Female
English
Ruler.
Female
Native American
Native American Indian name ALAMEDA means "grove of cottonwood."
LAMBDA CDM-MODEL
LAMBDA CDM-MODEL
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
Short Form of the Biblical Shadrach; One of Three Young Hebrew Men who Survived Being Cast into a Fiery Furnace
Boy/Male
Irish American English Norse Gaelic Latin
Tender.
Girl/Female
Australian, Dutch, French, German, Hebrew, Italian
Bitter; Bitterness; Diminutive of Maria; Similar to Mary
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
White rose
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Lives by the Beech Tree
Girl/Female
Australian, Bengali, Indian
A Small Bird
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Concern; Loving
Boy/Male
Bengali, Celebrity, Indian
Victory on the World
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Beautiful Vine
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Unique
LAMBDA CDM-MODEL
LAMBDA CDM-MODEL
LAMBDA CDM-MODEL
LAMBDA CDM-MODEL
LAMBDA CDM-MODEL
v. i.
To bring forth a lamb or lambs, as sheep.
pl.
of Lamina
n.
The name of the Greek letter /, /, corresponding with the English letter L, l.
n.
The blade of a leaf; the broad, expanded portion of a petal or sepal of a flower.
n.
The point of junction of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures of the skull.
n.
A thin plate or lamina.
pl.
of Lamina
n.
A thin plate or scale; specif., one of the thin, flat processes composing the vane of a feather.
imp. & p. p.
of Lamb
n.
Any person who is as innocent or gentle as a lamb.
a.
Lamed; lame; disabled; impeded.
n.
A lamp or candlestick.
n.
A viola da gamba.
a.
Crooked.
n.
A thin plate or scale; a layer or coat lying over another; -- said of thin plates or platelike substances, as of bone or minerals.
n.
The lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album).