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Program of robotic spacecraft missions
Lunar Precursor Robotic Program (LPRP) is a NASA program that uses robotic spacecraft to prepare for future crewed missions to the Moon. The program gathers
Lunar Precursor Robotic Program
Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program
High-Resolution Camera (HIRES) Lunar Precursor Robotic Program, 2009 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Lunar Crater Observation
List of NASA cameras on spacecraft
List_of_NASA_cameras_on_spacecraft
1961–1972 American crewed lunar exploration program
related projects such as Project Gemini and the robotic Ranger, Surveyor, and Lunar Orbiter programs are included. NASA's official cost breakdown, as
Apollo_program
NASA robotic spacecraft orbiting the moon
conjunction with the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), as the vanguard of NASA's Lunar Precursor Robotic Program, LRO was the first
Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter
Lunar Impactor
Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) on June 18, 2009, as part of the shared Lunar Precursor Robotic Program, the first American mission to the Moon in over ten years.
LCROSS
Lunar research program (2004–present)
longest-lived lunar rover. Chang'e 5 (2020) provided the world's first lunar sample return since Luna 24 in 1974, also conducting the first robotic lunar orbit
Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program
NASA facility in Houston, Texas
the Apollo program missions to the lunar surface between 1969 and 1972. The facility preserves most of the 382 kilograms (842 lb) of lunar material returned
Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility
Lunar_Sample_Laboratory_Facility
Cancelled 2005–2010 NASA human spaceflight program
Stage secondary booster, and the Altair lunar lander. The Orion spacecraft was designed for the Constellation program as a crew compartment for use in low
Constellation_program
List of space missions by NASA
launched October 2008, completed Lunar Precursor Robotic Program (LPRP) LCROSS, launched June 2009, completed Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), launched
List_of_NASA_missions
Planned international lunar base
development. ILRS will build on the robotic lunar missions of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program and Roscosmos' Luna-Glob program. China's 2028 Chang'e 8 mission
International Lunar Research Station
International_Lunar_Research_Station
NASA-led lunar exploration program
humans to the Moon for the first time since the Apollo program and building a permanent lunar base. It was formally established via Space Policy Directive-1
Artemis_program
1968 photograph of Earth from lunar orbit
their kind. Previous images were taken robotically and in black-and-white by the Lunar Orbiter program robotic probes, which in 1966 took the first ever
Earthrise
Programs by the Soviet Union to land humans on the Moon
lunar programs were a series of programs pursued by the Soviet Union to land humans on the Moon, in competition with the United States Apollo program
Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs
Spacecraft intended to land on the surface of the Moon
human spaceflight, completing six lunar landings from 1969 to 1972 during the United States' Apollo Program. Several robotic landers have reached the surface
Lunar_lander
Solar system exploration program by NASA
the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter was temporarily managed under the Discovery Program from the termination of the Lunar Precursor Robotic Program until
Discovery_Program
Photograph of the Solar System taken by MESSENGER spacecraft
Rover Current Living With a Star Lunar Precursor Robotic Program Earth Observing System Great Observatories program Explorers Voyager Discovery New Frontiers
Family_Portrait_(MESSENGER)
Radiometer used in NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter mission
Lunar Radiometer Experiment (DLRE), is an infrared radiometer aboard NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, part of the Lunar Precursor Robotic Program
Diviner_(radiometer)
American space and aeronautics agency
been funding private companies to land robotic probes on the lunar surface in a program known as the Commercial Lunar Payload Services. As of March 2022,
NASA
Budget allocated to American space agency NASA by the US Congress
history to pursue programs in aeronautics research, robotic spaceflight, technology development, and human space exploration programs. NASA's budget for
Budget_of_NASA
NASA administrator (1921–1992)
September 15, 1970. During his administration at NASA, the first crewed lunar landing by Apollo 11 was flown as were three other Apollo missions. Paine
Thomas_O._Paine
Logo designs used by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
"worm" logotype. In 1974, as part of the Federal Graphics Improvement Program of the National Endowment for the Arts, NASA commissioned Richard Danne
NASA_insignia
Series of NASA satellites
into safe-mode on January 30, 2020. The concept of a Great Observatory program was first proposed in the 1979 NRC report "A Strategy for Space Astronomy
Great_Observatories_program
NASA spacecraft active since 2005
provide support for missions to Mars, as part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program. It was launched from Cape Canaveral on August 12, 2005, at 11:43 UTC and
Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter
September 24, 2022. Atkinson, David; Lavoie, Anthony (2007). "The Lunar Precursor Robotic Program". 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. doi:10
List of space programs of the United States
List_of_space_programs_of_the_United_States
NASA program contracting commercial transportation services to the Moon
Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) is a NASA program to contract private companies to develop robotic landers, rovers, and satellites for missions
Commercial Lunar Payload Services
Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services
Pair of NASA landers and orbiters sent to Mars in 1976
Science Laboratory – Robotic mission that deployed the Curiosity rover to Mars in 2012 Mars Pathfinder – Mission including first robotic rover to operate
Viking_program
1960s NASA program to soft-land robotic probes on the Moon
The Surveyor program was a NASA program that, from June 1966 through January 1968, sent seven robotic spacecraft to the surface of the Moon. Its primary
Surveyor_program
Group of NASA engineers working on the human spaceflight program starting in 1958
program. Agnew enthusiastically supported an ambitious Space Transportation System program including reusable spacecraft, permanent Earth and Lunar stations
Space_Task_Group
NASA crewed Moon landing spacecraft (1969–1972)
Apollo Lunar Module (LM /ˈlɛm/), originally designated the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM), was the lunar lander spacecraft that was flown between lunar orbit
Apollo_Lunar_Module
This is a list of robotic space probes that have flown by, struck, orbited, landed on, or failed to reach the Moon for lunar exploration. The crewed Apollo
List_of_lunar_probes
Head of the US independent space agency
Flight Center. He also incorporated several disparate satellite programs, two lunar probes, and the research effort to develop a million pound force
Administrator_of_NASA
NASA official
Rover Current Living With a Star Lunar Precursor Robotic Program Earth Observing System Great Observatories program Explorers Voyager Discovery New Frontiers
Deputy_Administrator_of_NASA
Commercial orbital communications network
2022. Deborah Faboade (November 8, 2022). "South Africa and NASA Renew Lunar Exploration Partnership". Space in Africa. Constellation Architecture Requirements
Near_Earth_Network
Soviet lunar rover; first rover to operate on the Moon
the Earth. Sent by the Soviet Union, it was part of the Lunokhod program of robotic rovers. The Luna 17 spacecraft carried Lunokhod 1 to the Moon in 1970
Lunokhod_1
Monument in Iceland
for crewed lunar missions. Fourteen of the trainee astronauts later flew to the Moon, and seven of those conducted geology work on the lunar surface. The
Astronaut_Monument
Facility at Kennedy Space Center honoring American astronauts
a scrap heap and therefore it belongs to them. Alan Shepard's Apollo 14 lunar space suit Replica of Apollo 15 Genesis Rock Flag flown on the first crewed
United States Astronaut Hall of Fame
United_States_Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame
Planned Chinese lunar exploration mission
planned robotic mission by China to explore the lunar south pole and to establish the technical predicate for the future International Lunar Research
Chang'e_8
Vehicle that travels on the Moon's surface
A lunar rover or Moon rover is a space exploration vehicle designed to move across the surface of the Moon. The Apollo program's Lunar Roving Vehicle was
Lunar_rover
Series of five uncrewed lunar orbiter missions
The Lunar Orbiter program was a series of five uncrewed Moon-orbiting missions launched by the United States in 1966 and 1967. Intended to help select
Lunar_Orbiter_program
Joint venture of Lockheed Martin and Boeing
Atlas launches carried the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and LCROSS mission as part of the Lunar Precursor Robotic Program, which was later intentionally
United_Launch_Alliance
and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), as the vanguard of NASA's Lunar Precursor Robotic Program, this is the first United States mission to the Moon in over
List of uncrewed NASA missions
List_of_uncrewed_NASA_missions
European Space Agency lunar lander
programme for crewed and robotic space exploration. Thales Alenia Space (Italy) is the prime contractor and system integrator for the Lunar Descent Element. Thales
Argonaut_(lunar_lander)
Cancelled NASA space exploration program
NASA to terminate the Planetary Observer program, with just Mars Observer funded. Mars Observer was a robotic spacecraft designed to study the geoscience
Planetary_Observer_program
Division of NASA which trains astronauts
only a few are chosen for the intensive astronaut candidate training program. Including the "Original Seven", 339 candidates have been selected to date
NASA_Astronaut_Corps
Spaceflight mission emblem worn by astronauts
Test Project (ASTP), 135 for the Space Shuttle program, and 12 for SpaceX (NASA Commercial Crew Program). Although European human spaceflight, performed
Mission_patch
NASA spacecraft (2006–present)
interplanetary space probe launched as a part of NASA's New Frontiers program. Launched in 2006, it became the first spacecraft to perform a flyby study
New_Horizons
NASA projects to test new space technologies
Millennium Program (NMP) was a NASA project with focus on engineering validation of new technologies for space applications. Funding for the program was eliminated
New_Millennium_Program
Type of spacecraft
Apollo could land safely. As a result, these robotic missions required soft landers to sample the lunar soil and determine the thickness of the dust layer
Lander_(spacecraft)
Moon exploration program by the Russian Federal Space Agency
Луна-Глоб, meaning Lunar sphere) is a Moon exploration program by Roscosmos meant to progress toward the creation of a fully robotic lunar base. When completed
Luna-Glob
Cancelled lunar orbital space station
The Lunar Gateway was a planned modular space station that would have been assembled in orbit around the Moon as part of the Artemis program. Derived from
Lunar_Gateway
Lunar lander built by Astrobotic Technology
Griffin-1) is a robotic lunar lander mission developed by Astrobotic Technology as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program. It is scheduled
Griffin_Mission_One
Vehicle driven by astronauts on the Moon (1971–72)
The Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) is a battery-powered four-wheeled rover used on the Moon in the last three missions of the American Apollo program (15
Lunar_Roving_Vehicle
Planned lunar habitat module
maintenance, which would be achieved through the use of internal robotic interfaces and a robotic arm. The module aimed to provide galley facilities; hygiene
Lunar_I-Hab
Ongoing NASA space exploration program
The Explorers Program is a NASA exploration program that provides flight opportunities for physics, geophysics, heliophysics, and astrophysics investigations
Explorers_Program
Treadmill aboard the International Space Station
Rover Current Living With a Star Lunar Precursor Robotic Program Earth Observing System Great Observatories program Explorers Voyager Discovery New Frontiers
Treadmill with Vibration Isolation Stabilization
Treadmill_with_Vibration_Isolation_Stabilization
Lunar lander family for the Artemis program
Draper, Boeing, Astrobotic, and Honeybee Robotics. Two versions of Blue Moon are under development: a robotic lander originally planned to land on the
Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)
Planned Blue Origin robotic lunar mission
is a planned robotic lunar landing mission developed by Blue Origin as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program. The mission is
Blue Moon Pathfinder Mission 2
Blue_Moon_Pathfinder_Mission_2
Blue Origin lunar lander test flight
is a robotic lunar landing mission planned for launch in 2027. The lander, given the name Endurance, will land at Shackleton crater near the lunar south
Blue Moon Pathfinder Mission 1
Blue_Moon_Pathfinder_Mission_1
NASA and MTU website
"About APOD". APOD. Retrieved September 25, 2012. "AAS Meeting 187th Program". American Astronomical Society. 1996. Archived from the original on September
Astronomy_Picture_of_the_Day
Retrieved January 9, 2010. "Cessna 206H - LaRC | NASA Airborne Science Program". airbornescience.nasa.gov. Retrieved July 22, 2025. Baugher, Joseph F
List_of_NASA_aircraft
NASA orbiter mission to the Moon (1966)
The 1966 Lunar Orbiter 1 robotic spacecraft mission, part of NASA's Lunar Orbiter program, was the first American spacecraft to orbit the Moon. It was
Lunar_Orbiter_1
Missions to the Moon
Moon was made by the CNSA robotic spacecraft Chang'e 4 in early 2019, which successfully deployed the Yutu-2 robotic lunar rover. On 25 June 2024, CNSA's
Exploration_of_the_Moon
European communication satellite for the Moon
Lunar Pathfinder is a future lunar communications satellite and a precursor to the Moonlight constellation, under development by the European Space Agency
Lunar_Pathfinder
First NASA Mars rover on Mars Pathfinder mission
Curie to be deployed "using a robotic-arm attached to the lander". Rather than this, the Mars Exploration Rover program was launched in 2003. In 2015
Sojourner_(rover)
Robotic spacecraft sent to Mars
consisting of an orbiter and a lander, sent to Mars as part of NASA's Viking program. The lander touched down on Mars on July 20, 1976, the first successful
Viking_1
NASA orbiter mission to the Moon (1966–1967)
1966 Lunar Orbiter 2 robotic spacecraft mission, part of the Lunar Orbiter Program, was designed primarily to photograph smooth areas of the lunar surface
Lunar_Orbiter_2
Series of NASA missions
in space in order to maximize the safety and productivity of human and robotic explorers. The TIMED (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and
Solar Terrestrial Probes program
Solar_Terrestrial_Probes_program
1972 NASA scandal
(stamped and postmarked envelopes) into space and to the Moon's surface on the Lunar Module Falcon. Some of the envelopes were sold at high prices by West German
Apollo 15 postal covers incident
Apollo_15_postal_covers_incident
NASA Mars rover deployed in 2004
MER-B (Mars Exploration Rover – B) or MER-1, and nicknamed Oppy, is a robotic rover that was active on Mars from 2004 until 2018. Opportunity was operational
Opportunity_(rover)
landing on the lunar surface, during which Neil Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the Moon. Concurrently, the Soviet Luna 15 robotic mission was
List_of_missions_to_the_Moon
European instrument package for Lunar drilling
European programme for human spaceflight and robotic space exploration MoonLIGHT Pointing Actuator – European Lunar laser ranging instrument "Drilling down
PROSPECT_(lunar_experiment)
U.S. space agency oversight entity
for conducting audits and reviews of NASA programs, identifying any waste or mismanagement within those programs. Listed below are some notable audits performed
NASA Office of Inspector General
NASA_Office_of_Inspector_General
NASA program involving satellites
The Earth Observing System (EOS) is a program of NASA comprising a series of artificial satellite missions and scientific instruments in Earth orbit designed
Earth_Observing_System
1969 Soviet space probe
Luna 15 was a robotic space mission of the Soviet Luna programme that was in lunar orbit at the same time as the Apollo 11 spacecraft. On 21 July 1969
Luna_15
Private Japanese company
Hakamada. ispace's Hakuto-R program, supported by Japanese funding and partnered with American Draper Laboratory, aims to offer lunar transport and exploration
Ispace_Inc.
Lunar landing mission
robotic lunar lander and lunar satellite mission developed by Intuitive Machines as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program.
IM-3
Architecture of off-planet habitable structures
three different robotic programs: the Ranger program, the Lunar Orbiter program, and the Surveyor program. Before a human was sent, robotic spacecraft mapped
Space_architecture
Rover Current Living With a Star Lunar Precursor Robotic Program Earth Observing System Great Observatories program Explorers Voyager Discovery New Frontiers
National_Astronaut_Day
Program of missions to the moon by JAXA
The (Japanese) Lunar Exploration Program (Japanese: 月探査計画, romanized: tsuki tansa keikaku) is a program of robotic and human missions to the Moon undertaken
Japanese Lunar Exploration Program
Japanese_Lunar_Exploration_Program
1989 Bush administration proposal to place humans on the Moon
and would make things like emergency EVAs impossible. A precursor program called Early Lunar Access would have run during the early 2000s and used Ariane
First_Lunar_Outpost
2026 lunar landing mission
Moon. Lunar Pathfinder is a communications satellite precursor to the Moonlight Initiative constellation. Surrey Satellite Technology developed Lunar Pathfinder
Blue_Ghost_Mission_2
Proposed NASA lunar probe
canceled in 1962. Lunar resources Luna-Glob, a current Russian lander program Lunar Prospector Resource Prospector (rover) Robotic exploration of the
Prospector_(spacecraft)
Soviet lunar module intended to be used in the Soviet lunar landing attempts
1960s as a part of several Soviet crewed lunar programs. Its role was analogous to the American Apollo Lunar Module (LM). Three LK modules, of the T2K
LK_(spacecraft)
Renewed 21st-century competition in space exploration
targets a crewed lunar landing with Artemis IV in 2028. China plans a Long March 10-launched crewed lunar landing in 2029, and a robotic Mars sample return
New_Space_Race
Indian Lunar exploration programme
by ISRO for the exploration of the Moon. The program incorporates a lunar orbiter, an impactor, a lunar lander and a rover spacecraft. There have been
Chandrayaan_programme
Series of Soviet robotic space probes launched between 1964 and 1970
The second series of test spacecraft was intended as a precursor to remote-controlled robotic circumlunar loop flights, using a stripped-down variant
Zond_program
Second crewed Moon landing
response to some scientists who opposed the crewed lunar landing program (they felt that robotic craft could explore the Moon more cheaply) by demonstrating
Apollo_12
Former NASA Mars rover, active from 2004 to 2010
also known as MER-A (Mars Exploration Rover – A) or MER-2, is a Mars robotic rover, active from 2004 to 2010. Spirit was operational on Mars for 2208
Spirit_(rover)
Inducement prize space competition
The Google Lunar X Prize (GLXP) was a 2007–2018 inducement prize space competition organized by the X Prize Foundation, and sponsored by Google. The challenge
Google_Lunar_X_Prize
Fifth orbital flight of the Artemis program
planned to be the fourth crewed mission and second lunar landing of the NASA-led Artemis program. The mission is expected to see the first efforts by
Artemis_V
United States lunar probe
Lunar Orbiter 4 was a robotic U.S. spacecraft, part of the Lunar Orbiter Program, designed to orbit the Moon, after the three previous orbiters had completed
Lunar_Orbiter_4
Indian lunar sample-return mission
spacecraft reaches lunar orbit, the lander/ascender stack will descent to the lunar surface. It is planned that after touchdown, a robotic arm, mounted on
Chandrayaan-4
Lunar exploration mission by India and Japan
The Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (LUPEX) (also called Chandrayaan-5) is a planned joint lunar mission by ISRO and JAXA. The mission would send an uncrewed
Lunar Polar Exploration Mission
Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission
Planned Chinese lunar exploration mission
Cháng'é qīhào) is an upcoming CNSA robotic lunar exploration mission expected to be launched in 2027 to target the lunar south pole. Like its predecessors
Chang'e_7
2024 lunar landing mission
IM-1 was a robotic Moon landing mission conducted by Intuitive Machines under NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program. The Nova-C lander
IM-1
Sixth and most recent crewed Moon landing
mission of NASA's Apollo program, the sixth and most recent time humans have set foot on the Moon. Commander Gene Cernan and Lunar Module Pilot Harrison
Apollo_17
American weather satellite system
a single launch vehicle into low Earth orbit, at 500 km altitude. The program was scheduled to launch December 12, 2016, and then observe two hurricane
Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System
Cyclone_Global_Navigation_Satellite_System
American uncrewed lunar space missions in the 1960s
Ranger program used nuvistors. Ranger 1, launched 23 August 1961, lunar prototype, launch failure Ranger 2, launched 18 November 1961, lunar prototype
Ranger_program
Independent confirmations of Apollo Moon landings
(14 ft) wide lunar landers or their long shadows. Post-Apollo lunar exploration missions have located and imaged artifacts of the Apollo program remaining
Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings
Third-party_evidence_for_Apollo_Moon_landings
Memorial to astronauts who died in the line of duty
Force officer who died while training for a then-classified military space program, a civilian spaceflight participant who died in the Challenger disaster
Space_Mirror_Memorial
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