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Class of natural products
Macrolides are a class of mostly natural products with a large macrocyclic lactone ring to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine
Macrolide
Antibiotic
confirmed, but it is likely safe. Azithromycin is an azalide, a type of macrolide antibiotic. It works by decreasing the production of protein, thereby
Azithromycin
Chemical compound
Desosamine is a 3-(dimethylamino)-3,4,6-trideoxyhexose found in certain macrolide antibiotics (contain a high level of microbial resistance) such as the
Desosamine
In enzymology, a macrolide 2'-kinase (EC 2.7.1.136) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + oleandomycin ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons
Macrolide_2'-kinase
Species of bacterium
become more common. Resistance to multiple antibiotics, including the macrolide azithromycin, until recently the most reliable treatment, is becoming
Mycoplasma_genitalium
Antibiotic
phenotype known as iMLSB. This phenotype of bacteria are resistant to the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B group of antibiotics; however, the resistance
Clindamycin
Antibiotic medication
been reported. It may cause harm if taken during pregnancy. It is in the macrolide class and works by slowing down bacterial protein synthesis. Clarithromycin
Clarithromycin
Immunosuppressive drug
the body's learned (or adaptive) immune response. Chemically, it is a macrolide lactone that was first discovered in 1987, from the fermentation broth
Tacrolimus
Chemical compound
compound with the formula (CH2)14CO2. A colorless solid, it is classified as macrolide lactone. It has some use in perfumery. Cyclopentadecanolide occurs in
Cyclopentadecanolide
Group of chemical compounds
structure to macrolide antibiotics, but because they have a lactam instead of a lactone, they do not belong in the class of macrolides. They are named
Ansamycin
Antifungal medication
Rachel Fuller Brown and Elizabeth Lee Hazen. It was the first polyene macrolide antifungal. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential
Nystatin
Antibiotic medication
also applies if taken directly by the baby during this age. It is in the macrolide family of antibiotics and works by decreasing bacterial protein production
Erythromycin
Ketolides are antibiotics belonging to the macrolide group. Ketolides are derived from erythromycin by substituting the cladinose sugar with a keto-group
Ketolide
Species of bacterium
the genus Saccharopolyspora. Saccharopolyspora erythraea produces the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin. Cytochrome P450 eryF (CYP107A1) originally from
Saccharopolyspora_erythraea
Chemical compound
Tylosin is a macrolide antibiotic and bacteriostatic feed additive used in veterinary medicine. It has a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive
Tylosin
Substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation
depression with inflammation but not in those without inflammation. The macrolide antibiotic azithromycin is known to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory
Anti-inflammatory
Type of antibiotic chemical
Rokitamycin is a macrolide antibiotic synthesized from strains of Streptomyces kitasatoensis. Braga PC (April 2002). "Rokitamycin: bacterial resistance
Rokitamycin
Species of bacterium
is usually susceptible to vancomycin and tetracycline. Resistance to macrolide antibiotics is often encountered. It can be acquired in hospitals. Its
Corynebacterium_jeikeium
Antibiotic
medication used for the treatment of C. difficile-associated diarrhea. It is a macrolide antibacterial and is the first member of a class of narrow spectrum macrocyclic
Fidaxomicin
Chemical compound
isolated from Micromonospora sp. JY16. Quinolidomicins are a class of macrolides that contain a benzoquinone chromophore as well as an immense lactone
Quinolidomicin
Medication
blocker; amoxicillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic; and clarithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic. It was approved for medical use in Japan in 2016, and in the
Vonoprazan/amoxicillin/clarithromycin
Vonoprazan/amoxicillin/clarithromycin
Medication
Tildipirosin, sold under the brand name Zuprevo, is a macrolide antibiotic used in pigs and cattle. In the United States, tildipirosin is indicated for
Tildipirosin
Chemical compound
Roxithromycin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic used to treat respiratory tract, urinary and soft tissue infections. It is a derivative of erythromycin
Roxithromycin
Class of antibiotics
a class of macrolide antibiotics that were originally manufactured in response to the poor acid stability exhibited by original macrolides such as erythromycin
Azalide
Species of butterfly
choice and has further implications in regards to sympatric speciation. Macrolide scent gland extracts and wing-clicking behavior further characterize this
Heliconius_cydno
Form of atypical pneumonia
agents include the fluoroquinolones levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, and the macrolide azithromycin. Hospitalization is often required. The fatality rate is
Legionnaires'_disease
the first to report using multiple Michael/aldol reactions to construct macrolide structures. Their method utilized a Michael-Michael-Michael-ring closure
Multiple Michael/aldol reaction
Multiple_Michael/aldol_reaction
Pharmaceutical drug
Dirithromycin is a macrolide glycopeptide antibiotic. Dirithromycin (Dynabac) is a more lipid-soluble prodrug derivative of 9S-erythromycyclamine prepared
Dirithromycin
Species of bacterium
the Sichuan Province in China. Streptomyces phytohabitans produces the macrolides novonestmycin A and novonestmycin B. List of Streptomyces species LPSN
Streptomyces_phytohabitans
Beta-lactam antibiotic
either alone (mild to moderate severity disease) or in combination with a macrolide. Research suggests that is as effective as co-amoxiclav (a broad-spectrum
Amoxicillin
Chemical compound
Spiramycin is a macrolide antibiotic and antiparasitic. It is used to treat toxoplasmosis and various other infections of soft tissues. Although used
Spiramycin
Pharmaceutical drug
as rapamycin and sold under the brand name Rapamune among others, is a macrolide compound that is used to coat coronary stents, prevent organ transplant
Sirolimus
Indian multinational pharmaceutical company
pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and formulations, and has a presence in the macrolide anti-infective drug segment. Alembic Pharmaceuticals produces formulations
Alembic_Pharmaceuticals
Species of gram-negative, pathogenic bacterium
humidity and CO2 enrichment at 33° to 35 °C. It is best treated with a macrolide, e.g. azithromycin, and a third-generation cephalosporin, e.g. ceftriaxone
Haemophilus_ducreyi
Species of sponge
process. Another macrolide, "Sprirastrellolide B", has also been isolated and its structure elucidated. Since then, five further macrolides, "Sprirastrellolide
Spirastrella_coccinea
Permanent enlargement of the lung airways
classes of anti-inflammatory therapies are macrolides and corticosteroids. Despite also being antibiotics, macrolides exert immunomodulatory effects on the
Bronchiectasis
Species of bacterium
respiratory distress. Treatment of M. pneumoniae infections typically involves macrolides or tetracyclines, as these antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis, though
Mycoplasma_pneumoniae
Chemical compound
Boromycin is a bacteriocidal polyether-macrolide antibiotic. It was initially isolated from the Streptomyces antibioticus, and is notable for being the
Boromycin
Species of bacterium
lead to asthma. Macrolide antibiotic treatment can improve asthma in a subgroup of patients that remains to be clearly defined. Macrolide benefits were
Chlamydia_pneumoniae
Antifungal
if medical use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. It is in the macrolide and polyene families of medications. It results in fungal death by altering
Natamycin
Species of bacterium
(also known as adriamycin). Recent work has identified an antibacterial macrolide, peucemycin, with activity against growth of S. aureus, P. hauseri, and
Streptomyces_peucetius
membrane potential leading to inhibition of protein, DNA and RNA synthesis. Macrolides(Bs) Azithromycin Zithromax, Sumamed, Xithrone Streptococcal infections
List_of_antibiotics
Chemical compound
Oleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic. It is synthesized from strains of Streptomyces antibioticus. It is weaker than erythromycin. It used to be sold
Oleandomycin
Veterinary medication
Tylvalosin, sold under the brand name Aivlosin, is a macrolide antibiotic used for the treatment of bacterial infections with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Tylvalosin
Group of antibiotics
to macrolide treatment have been isolated and found to possess mutations at the transferase binding pocket in the 23S ribosomal subunit. Macrolide-resistant
Lincosamides
Inflammation of the stomach and small intestine
cause is isolated or suspected. If antibiotics are to be employed, a macrolide (such as azithromycin) is preferred over a fluoroquinolone due to higher
Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the tonsils
recommended. In those who are allergic to penicillin, cephalosporins or macrolides may be used. In children with frequent episodes of tonsillitis, tonsillectomy
Tonsillitis
Chemical compound
also known as magnamycin, is a colorless, optically active crystalline macrolide antibiotic with the molecular formula C42H67N O16. It is derived from
Carbomycin
Genus of corals
commonly kept in reef aquaria. Sarcophyton produces the toxic terpene macrolide sarcophytoxide which serves as an antifeedant and also provides advantage
Sarcophyton_(coral)
Type of inflammatory bowel disease
"Two-year-outcomes analysis of Crohn's disease treated with rifabutin and macrolide antibiotics". The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 39 (3): 393–400
Crohn's_disease
Rule of thumb to predict if a chemical compound is likely to be an orally active drug
natural products break the chemical rules used in Lipinski filters such as macrolides and peptides. Lipinski's rule states that, in general, an orally active
Lipinski's_rule_of_five
American pharmaceutical company
antibiotics: vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, and erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic. Lilly also began diversifying beyond human pharmaceuticals
Eli_Lilly_and_Company
Chemical compound
to the rise of microbial resistance to existing macrolides and appears to be effective against macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. The defining
Telithromycin
Inflammation of the alveoli of the lungs
but as an indicator it is not accurate enough to decide whether or not macrolide treatment should be used. The presence of chest pain in children with
Pneumonia
Molecule with a large ring structure
One important application are the many macrocyclic antibiotics, the macrolides, e.g. clarithromycin. Many metallocofactors are bound to macrocyclic ligands
Macrocycle
Combination drug
as well as the important respiratory pathogens including penicillin-, macrolide- and quinolone-resistant strains. It is a combination of linopristin and
Linopristin/flopristin
Urinary antigen test, sputum culture Effective antibiotics include most macrolides (recommended: azithromycin), fluoroquinolones (recommended: levofloxacin
List_of_infectious_diseases
Species of bacterium causing pertussis or whooping cough
ribosomal binding site and prevents macrolides from inhibiting protein synthesis. The increasing prevalence of macrolide resistance highlights the importance
Bordetella_pertussis
Group of chemical compounds
Oligomycins are macrolides created by Streptomyces that are strong antibacterial agents but are often poisonous to other organisms, including humans. Oligomycins
Oligomycin
Cattle and pig antibiotic
Tulathromycin, sold under the brand name Draxxin among others, is a macrolide antibiotic used to treat bovine respiratory disease in cattle and swine
Tulathromycin
Inflammatory lung disease
pooling of mucus in the bronchiolar passages. Daily treatment of DPB with macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin eases symptoms and increases survival
Diffuse_panbronchiolitis
Species of gastropod
then passes the obtained defensive compounds into its egg ribbons via macrolides, giving the otherwise physically defenseless egg ribbons a toxin defense
Spanish_dancer
Protein critical for bacterial RNA translation
bacteria and archaea. It is the site of inhibition for antibiotics such as macrolides, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and the pleuromutilins. It includes the
Prokaryotic large ribosomal subunit
Prokaryotic_large_ribosomal_subunit
Chemical compound
that in several antibiotics (such as erythromycin) is attached to the macrolide ring. In ketolides, a relatively new class of antibiotics, the cladinose
Cladinose
Chemical compound
maytansine binding site and binding mode has been characterized. It is a macrolide of the ansamycin type and can be isolated from plants of the genus Maytenus
Maitansine
Sexually transmitted infection
defects, these are not recommended for pregnant women. Resistance to macrolides, rifampicin, and clindamycin is often present. Ceftriaxone, a third-generation
Syphilis
Life-threatening response to infection
coverage, or broad-spectrum carbapenem combined with fluoroquinolones, macrolides, or aminoglycosides) are recommended. The choice of antibiotics is important
Sepsis
Organic chemical compound
formula C20H38O2. It is a cyclic ester or lactone, more specifically a macrolide. Eicosanolide is used by several species of bees (such as some of genera
Eicosanolide
Red, circular lesions of the skin on the limbs or trunk
total of 10 days. In cases of Penicillin allergy, a Cephalosporin or Macrolide may be considered. To avoid recurrences of ARF, secondary prevention is
Erythema_marginatum
Index of chemical compounds with the same molecular formula
glucocorticoid corticosteroid and a corticosteroid ester Kendomycin, an anticancer macrolide This set index page lists chemical structure articles associated with
C29H42O6
Group of chemical compounds
that have a synergistic antibacterial action. Pristinamycin IIA is a macrolide, and results in pristinamycin's having a similar spectrum of action to
Pristinamycin
Chemical compound
Vicenistatin is a macrolactam antibiotic synthesized by Streptomyces halstedii HC34. It was originally isolated from this bacterium in 1993. It includes
Vicenistatin
Fluoroquinolone antibiotic
ISBN 978-0-9626523-7-0. Rodvold KA, Piscitelli SC (August 1993). "New oral macrolide and fluoroquinolone antibiotics: an overview of pharmacokinetics, interactions
Ciprofloxacin
Lung disease involving long-term poor airflow
those with a severe exacerbation, antibiotics can improve outcomes. The macrolide class of antibiotics (e.g. azithromycin) is effective in reducing frequency
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease
Order of gastropods
Spanish Dancer nudibranch, Hexabranchus sanguineus, and its egg ribbons: Macrolides derived from a sponge diet". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and
Nudibranch
Organic compound that is soluble in nonpolar solvents
Malpartida F, Zotchev SB (2008). "Biosynthetic engineering of polyene macrolides towards generation of improved antifungal and antiparasitic agents". Current
Lipid
Hong Kong pharmaceutical company
Guangdong Province. The Company is the largest domestic manufacturer of macrolide antibiotics, with a leading position for its intravenous infusion solution
Lijun International Pharmaceutical (Holding) Co. Ltd.
Lijun_International_Pharmaceutical_(Holding)_Co._Ltd.
New Epothilone
Sagopilone is a fully synthetic macrolide of the epothilone family with the molecular formula C30H41NO6S. The mechanism of action is similar to taxanes
Sagopilone
Chemical compound
Bryostatins are a group of macrolide lactones from (bacterial symbionts of) the marine organism Bugula neritina that were first collected and provided
Bryostatin
Species of bacterium
Amino-penicillin Anti-pseudomonal BL−BLI Carbapenems Fluoro-quinolones Macrolide MDR & XDR Meticillin Mono INH Mono RIF Penicillin TMP-SMX Vancomycin Total
Klebsiella_pneumoniae
Antimicrobial substance active against bacteria
bactericidal activities, killing the bacteria. Protein synthesis inhibitors (macrolides, lincosamides, and tetracyclines) are usually bacteriostatic, inhibiting
Antibiotic
Family of antibiotics
Tiacumicins are a family of macrolide antibiotics derived from Dactylosporangium aurantiacum subspecies hamdenesis subspecies Nov. The tiacumicin family
Tiacumicin
Serum Albumin and Pluronics on the Aggregation State and Toxicity of Polyene Macrolides (2000) Academic work Institutions Chulalongkorn University (CU)
Pornanong_Aramwit
Tetracycline-class antibiotic
(December 2012). "Rapid effectiveness of minocycline or doxycycline against macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in a 2011 outbreak among Japanese
Doxycycline
Medication
US DailyMed: Gamithromycin Routes of administration Subcutaneous Drug class Macrolide antibiotic ATCvet code QJ01FA95 (WHO) Legal status Legal status US: ℞-only
Gamithromycin
Bacterial disease of the liver
bacillary peliosis due to both B. henselae and B. quintana, exposure to macrolide antibiotics in the preceding 6 months is thought to be protective, with
Bacillary_peliosis
procaine 1951 – phenoxymethylpenicillin 1952 – erythromycin, the first macrolide 1953 – nitrofurantoin 1954 – benzathine penicillin 1955 – spiramycin 1955
Timeline_of_antibiotics
Species of bacterium
cavitary abnormalities similar to tuberculosis. Treatment is usually with macrolide, rifampin, and ethambutol with moxifloxacin. Type strain: strain ATCC
Mycobacterium_xenopi
Immunosuppressive drug
Pimecrolimus is an immunosuppressant drug of the calcineurin inhibitor class used in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (eczema). It is available as a
Pimecrolimus
Chemical compound
was identified as a polyene macrolide based on its characteristic UV-Vis and IR spectra. Although the polyene macrolide antibiotics exhibit potent antifungal
Filipin
Medication used to treat a viral infection
PMID 11282007. Alarcón B, González ME, Carrasco L (1988). "Megalomycin C, a macrolide antibiotic that blocks protein glycosylation and shows antiviral activity"
Antiviral_drug
Antibiotic
2240036. PMID 37501614. Rodvold KA, Piscitelli SC (August 1993). "New oral macrolide and fluoroquinolone antibiotics: an overview of pharmacokinetics, interactions
Levofloxacin
Chemical compound
Everolimus, sold under the brand name Afinitor among others, is a medication used as an immunosuppressant to prevent rejection of organ transplants and
Everolimus
Chemical compound
Josamycin is a macrolide antibiotic. It was isolated by Hamao Umezawa and his colleagues from strains of Streptomyces narbonensis var. josamyceticus var
Josamycin
Chemical compound
Flurithromycin is a second generation macrolide antibiotic. It is a fluorinated derivative of erythromycin A. It is a broad spectrum antibiotic with similar
Flurithromycin
Skin disease
Patients with documented Mycoplasma infections can be treated with oral macrolide or oral doxycycline. Initially, treatment is similar to that for patients
Stevens–Johnson_syndrome
Genus of gram-negative bacteria
fecal specimen. Standard treatment in high-risk cases is azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, especially for Campylobacter infections in children, although
Campylobacter
Human disease caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis
clarithromycin, or azithromycin are typically the recommended treatment. Newer macrolides are frequently recommended due to lower rates of side effects.
Whooping_cough
Sudden or unexpected loss of heartbeat
such as certain anti-arrhythmics, anti-depressants, and quinolone or macrolide antibiotics. Although it is not recognized as an inherited condition,
Cardiac_arrest
Chemical compound
Midecamycin is a macrolide antibiotic that is synthesized from Streptomyces mycarofaciens. Its melting point may vary depending on the compound type and
Midecamycin
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