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Mitotic exit is an important transition point that signifies the end of mitosis and the onset of new G1 phase for a cell, and the cell needs to rely on
Mitotic_exit
representation of mitotic entry, but not necessarily mitotic exit. It is necessary to inactivate the cyclin B-Cdk1 complex in order to exit the mitotic stage of
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle
Biochemical_switches_in_the_cell_cycle
Cell division into two identical cells
Yen TJ (2003). "The mitotic checkpoint: a signaling pathway that allows a single unattached kinetochore to inhibit mitotic exit". Progress in Cell Cycle
Mitosis
Final stage of mitosis and meiosis
seen in budding yeast, which do not have redundant phosphatases for mitotic exit and rely on the phosphatase cdc14. Blocking cdc14 activation in these
Telophase
regulatory serine/threonine kinases of the cell cycle involved in mitotic entry, mitotic exit, spindle formation, cytokinesis, and meiosis. Only one Plk is
Polo-like_kinase
Dependence of the state of a system on its history
for exiting mitosis was lower, between 16 and 24 nM cyclin B. The higher threshold for mitotic entry compared to the lower threshold for mitotic exit indicates
Hysteresis
Organelle in eukaryotic cells
axis and is attached to the daughter centriole at its proximal end. At mitotic exit, the mother and daughter centrioles disengage during a process dependent
Centriole
Family of proteins which attach to other proteins to modify them
the case of Tof2-Cdc14, Cdc14 release from the nucleolus allows the Mitotic Exit Network to commence, but it is regulated by the binding of Tof2, a protein
SUMO_protein
Mechanism of cell death
likelihood to undergo mitotic catastrophe. For instance, cells can undergo a process called mitotic slippage where cells exit mitosis too early before
Mitotic_catastrophe
American biochemist and cell biologist
protein Net1 in late anaphase, which is triggered by the action of the mitotic exit network (MEN). In later work, they established that an early step in
Raymond_J._Deshaies
American cell biologist (born 1967)
subsequently made a number of significant discoveries in the area of mitotic exit control and cytokinesis. She is recognized as a leader in the study of
Rong_Li
understood and most-studied, the activity of Cdc14 (ScCdc14) leads to mitotic exit by dephosphorylating targets of Cdk1, a well-studied cyclin-dependent
Cdc14
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and mitotic exit; this serves as a mechanism for the fidelity of chromosomal segregation. Bub3 is a crucial component in the formation of the mitotic spindle
BUB3
Cell-cycle regulatory complex
targets the mitotic cyclins for degradation, resulting in the inactivation of M-CDK (mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase) complexes, promoting exit from mitosis
Anaphase-promoting_complex
British biomedical researcher
cycle have shown that as well as cleaving cohesin, separase promotes mitotic exit by activating the Cdc14 phosphatase in a protease-independent manner
Frank_Uhlmann
Medical condition
Corbett, Kevin D.; Cleveland, Don W. (2018-10-19). "TRIP13 and APC15 drive mitotic exit by turnover of interphase- and unattached kinetochore-produced MCC".
Mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome
Mosaic_variegated_aneuploidy_syndrome
Protein-coding gene in humans
Alvarez-Fernandez M, Stahl M, Medema RH (September 2008). "FoxM1 is degraded at mitotic exit in a Cdh1-dependent manner". Cell Cycle. 7 (17): 2720–6. doi:10.4161/cc
FOXM1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
in TPX2 at mitotic exit is dependent on both the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and an ubiquitin ligase integral in mitotic progression
TPX2
Protein
Proliferation-Quiescence Decision Is Controlled by a Bifurcation in CDK2 Activity at Mitotic Exit". Cell. 155 (2): 369–383. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.062. PMC 4001917
P21
Protein family
through the ubiquitin pathway. Degradation of cyclin A/CDK1 induces mitotic exit. Cyclin A/CDK2 complex was thought to be restricted to the nucleus and
Cyclin_A
British oncologist (born 1961)
proteolysis coordinates chromosome congression with cytokinesis and mitotic exit by degrading specific proteins at specific times. Pines was elected a
Jonathon_Pines
including the G2/M transition, the metaphase/anaphase transition, and mitotic exit. Nocodazole is a rapidly-reversible inhibitor of microtubule polymerization
Cell_synchronization
American nonprofit research institute
in women. In 2006, OMRF researchers demonstrated the reversibility of mitotic exit (cell division) in vertebrate cells. In the 1980s, OMRF researchers studied
Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation
Oklahoma_Medical_Research_Foundation
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Role for human SIRT2 NAD-dependent deacetylase activity in control of mitotic exit in the cell cycle". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 23 (9): 3173–3185
Sirtuin_2
Austrian American academic molecular and cell biologist (1967–2020)
Tyers, Mike; Amon, Angelika (1998). "The Phosphatase Cdc14 Triggers Mitotic Exit by Reversal of Cdk-Dependent Phosphorylation". Molecular Cell. 2 (6):
Angelika_Amon
Control mechanism in the eukaryotic cell cycle
into mitosis. The mitotic spindle checkpoint occurs at the point in metaphase where all the chromosomes should/have aligned at the mitotic plate and be under
Cell_cycle_checkpoint
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
dramatically after mitotic exit and entrance into G1 phase. PRC1 is located in the nucleus during interphase, becomes associated with the mitotic spindle in a
PRC1
Enzyme
"Role for human SIRT2 NAD-dependent deacetylase activity in control of mitotic exit in the cell cycle". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 23 (9): 3173–85.
Sirtuin
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
cyclins leads to the final events of mitosis (e.g., spindle disassembly, mitotic exit). Given its essential role in cell cycle progression, Cdk1 is highly
Cyclin-dependent_kinase_1
Type of electromagnetic field therapy
dielectrophoresis of critical molecules and organelles during mitosis. These anti-mitotic effects lead to cell death, slowing cancer growth. A TTField-treatment
Alternating electric field therapy
Alternating_electric_field_therapy
Enzymes which degrade or break chitin
different phases of the cell, such as Cdc14 Early Anaphase Release (FEAR), mitotic exit network (MEN), and regulation of Ace2p (transcription factor) and cellular
Chitinase
Human protein-coding gene
Alvarez-Fernandez M, Stahl M, Medema RH (September 2008). "FoxM1 is degraded at mitotic exit in a Cdh1-dependent manner". Cell Cycle. 7 (17): 2720–6. doi:10.4161/cc
Cadherin-1
Cell cycle regulator
Early Mitotic Inhibitor 1 (EMI1) is an important cell cycle regulator which ensures timely mitotic entry by primarily inhibiting Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome
Early_Mitotic_Inhibitor_1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
the mitotic poles and the adjacent spindle microtubules. Aurora A remains associated with the spindles through telophase. Right before mitotic exit, Aurora
Aurora_kinase_A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine-protein kinase BUB1 beta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BUB1B gene. Also known as BubR1, this protein
BUB1B
Protein-coding gene in humans
"Role for human SIRT2 NAD-dependent deacetylase activity in control of mitotic exit in the cell cycle". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 23 (9): 3173–3185
CDC14B
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
transition (by inducing the proteolysis of Securin) and mitotic exit (by driving the degradation of mitotic CDK1 activating cyclin subunits). Furthermore, βTrCP
F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 1A
F-box/WD_repeat-containing_protein_1A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
S2CID 25678521. Bothos J, Tuttle RL, Ottey M, et al. (2005). "Human LATS1 is a mitotic exit network kinase". Cancer Res. 65 (15): 6568–75. doi:10.1158/0008-5472
LATS1
Epigenetic modification to the DNA packaging protein Histone H3
increases during mitosis while H3K9me3 decreases and H3K9me3 recovers upon mitotic exit. R loops are linked to H3S10P and chromatin condensation. The name of
H3S10P
Proliferation-Quiescence Decision Is Controlled by a Bifurcation in CDK2 Activity at Mitotic Exit". Cell. 155 (2): 369–383. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.08.062. PMC 4001917
Live_single-cell_imaging
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(May 2017). "Mad2 Overexpression Uncovers a Critical Role for TRIP13 in Mitotic Exit". Cell Reports. 19 (9): 1832–1845. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.021.
TRIP13
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Rho-kinase. It has been observed that anillin proteolysis is triggered after mitotic exit by the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC). Most anillins can be sequestered
ANLN
Gene of the species Homo sapiens
Cai X, et al. (June 2017). "Pre-RC Protein MCM7 depletion promotes mitotic exit by Inhibiting CDK1 activity". Scientific Reports. 7 (1) 2854. Bibcode:2017NatSR
C8orf34
Group of proteins
peak at metaphase. Cell changes in the cell cycle like the assembly of mitotic spindles and alignment of sister-chromatids along the spindles are induced
Cyclin
Software for microscopy
imaging RNAi screen identifies PP2A-B55alpha and importin-beta1 as key mitotic exit regulators in human cells". Nature Cell Biology. 12 (9): 886–93. doi:10
CellCognition
Third subphase of interphase
Wee1 activity. Though Wee1 is a fairly conserved negative regulator of mitotic entry, no general mechanism of cell size control in G2 has yet been elucidated
G2_phase
Enzyme found in humans
and p90RSK are present on mitotic tubulin in Swiss 3T3 cells: a role for the MAP kinase pathway in regulating mitotic exit". Cell. Signal. 13 (9): 653–64
RPS6KA2
Cancer researcher
then mitotic exit is initiated. By using a laser to ablate kinetochores on individual chromosomes, he proved that the signal that delays mitotic progression
Conly_Rieder
Poison that disrupts cell division
activation of the SAC ensues along with a mitotic arrest that lasts several hours. These cells will either exit mitosis by a different pathway not normal
Spindle_poison
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
transition (by inducing the proteolysis of Securin) and mitotic exit (by driving the degradation of mitotic CDK1 activating cyclin subunits). Furthermore, βTrCP
FBXW11
Protein-coding gene in humans
"CKAP2 is a spindle-associated protein degraded by APC/C-Cdh1 during mitotic exit". J. Biol. Chem. 282 (20): 15103–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.M701688200. PMID 17376772
CKAP2
Mammalian protein
cycle-dependent manner, with highest levels in the G2/M phase. It localizes to the mitotic spindle during cell division and interacts with tubulin. Survivin plays
Survivin
Fungal protein found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288c
yeast cells exit from mitosis after chromosome segregation is the removal of the mitotic determinants. This requires the inactivation of mitotic CDKs which
APC/C_activator_protein_CDH1
Events leading to cell division
Some cells enter the G0 phase semi-permanently and are considered post-mitotic, e.g., some liver, kidney, and stomach cells. Many cells do not enter G0
Cell_cycle
Centrioles are nine triplets microtubules
formation of the mitotic spindle, polarity and, therefore, cell shape, as well as all other processes having to do with the mitotic spindle. The centriole
Centrosome_cycle
Biological process
a larger scale, mitotic cell division can create progeny from multicellular organisms, such as plants that grow from cuttings. Mitotic cell division enables
Cell_division
Protein-coding gene in humans
Bub3. In fact, these three proteins, together with CDC20, likely form the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), which inhibits APC/CCdc20 so that anaphase cannot
CDC20
Replication of the nuclear genome without mitosis
regulated manner. In endoreduplication cells skip M phase completely by exiting the mitotic cell cycle in the G2 phase after completing the S phase several times
Endoreduplication
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNB1 gene. Cyclin B1 is a regulatory protein involved in mitosis. The gene
Cyclin_B1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine-protein kinase BUB1 also known as BUB1 (budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded
BUB1
Cell division producing haploid gametes
lead up to meiosis are identical in pattern and name to interphase of the mitotic cell cycle. Interphase is divided into three phases: Growth 1 (G1) phase:
Meiosis
Protein family
as a mitotic checkpoint protein involved in chromosome segregation, and then implicated in targeting cytoplasmic dynein and dynactin to mitotic kinetochores
ZW10
Protein-coding gene in the species Mus musculus
exit from mitosis. Depletion of Mad1 leads to the loss of SAC function. Mad1 localises predominantly at unattached kinetochores and triggers mitotic arrest
Mad1
Medical condition
Chromatin bridge is a mitotic occurrence that forms when telomeres of sister chromatids fuse together and fail to completely segregate into their respective
Chromatin_bridge
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. This enzyme is required for the destruction of mitotic cyclins and for cell cycle progression. Multiple alternatively spliced
UBE2C
one terminal mitosis. Pros is also present in young neurons, preventing mitotic action. Prospero is not present in the progeny of GMCs and is thought to
Ganglion_mother_cell
Committing murder and suicide
Immunogenic cell death Ischemic cell death Pyknosis Karyorrhexis Karyolysis Mitotic catastrophe Suicide gene Accidental death Autopsy Brain death Brainstem
Murder–suicide
Immunogenic cell death Ischemic cell death Pyknosis Karyorrhexis Karyolysis Mitotic catastrophe Suicide gene Accidental death Autopsy Brain death Brainstem
Euthanasia_for_mental_illness
Microtubule depolymerizing drug
important roles in the cell, including vesicular transport, forming the mitotic spindle and in cytokinesis. Several drugs including vincristine and colcemid
Nocodazole
Protein-coding gene in humans
Silljé HH, Sauer G, et al. (2006). "Phosphoproteome analysis of the human mitotic spindle". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 103 (14): 5391–6. Bibcode:2006PNAS
CHMP2A
Genus of single-celled organisms
Primitive mitotic mechanisms. Biosystems, 7(3-4), Elsevier Ireland Ltd. doi:10.1016/0303-2647(75)90002-7 Kubai, D. F., Ris, H. 1974: An Unusual Mitotic Mechanism
Syndinium
Unit of reproduction adapted for dispersal and survival in unfavorable conditions
favourable conditions, the spore can develop into a new organism using mitotic division, producing a multicellular gametophyte, which eventually goes
Spore
Protein-coding gene in humans
P (Apr 1995). "CDC27Hs colocalizes with CDC16Hs to the centrosome and mitotic spindle and is essential for the metaphase to anaphase transition". Cell
CDC16
Protein-coding gene in humans
and threonine residues; it can also activate Cdc2 (Cdk1), the principal mitotic Cdk. CDC25A is specifically degraded in response to DNA damage, resulting
CDC25A
Biological process
results in the formation of a diploid zygote that develops by repeated mitotic divisions into a diploid adult. Plants have two multicellular life-cycle
Sexual_reproduction
Illegal practice of intentionally ending a life against the subject's will
Immunogenic cell death Ischemic cell death Pyknosis Karyorrhexis Karyolysis Mitotic catastrophe Suicide gene Accidental death Autopsy Brain death Brainstem
Involuntary_euthanasia
Intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering
Ask Mercy Killing." 6 January 1949. Wesley J. Smith (1997). Forced Exit (Forced exit ed.). New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8129-2790-0. OL 1006883M.
Euthanasia
All-Party Parliamentary Group for Choice at the End of Life Dignity in Dying Exit International Legality of euthanasia My Death My Decision Right to die "Euthanasia
Euthanasia in the United Kingdom
Euthanasia_in_the_United_Kingdom
Archived from the original on 13 October 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2024. Exit International director and euthanasia crusader Philip Nitschke described
List of unusual deaths in the 21st century
List_of_unusual_deaths_in_the_21st_century
Buddhist post-mortem meditation
described as "radiant", with the skin maintaining its softness and elasticity. Exit is manifested by the body beginning to decompose. A 2021 study, using electroencephalograhy
Tukdam
Protein found in humans
"Mast, a conserved microtubule-associated protein required for bipolar mitotic spindle organization". EMBO J. 19 (14): 3668–82. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.14
CLASP2
and dumb: The 13-year-old killed by a circus clown and other truly epic exits". Daily Mirror. Retrieved 3 July 2024. Henley, Nicole (11 March 2020). "This
List of unusual deaths in the 19th century
List_of_unusual_deaths_in_the_19th_century
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Biological process mitotic chromosome condensation positive regulation of exit from mitosis regulation of cohesin loading cell division mitotic sister chromatid
CDCA5
Protein-coding gene in humans
"Phospho-regulation of HsCdc14A By Polo-like kinase 1 is essential for mitotic progression". J. Biol. Chem. 282 (37): 27414–23. doi:10.1074/jbc.M703555200
CDC14A
Moral and legal concept
Immunogenic cell death Ischemic cell death Pyknosis Karyorrhexis Karyolysis Mitotic catastrophe Suicide gene Accidental death Autopsy Brain death Brainstem
Right_to_die
Practice of intentionally ending a life without the subject's explicit informed consent
Immunogenic cell death Ischemic cell death Pyknosis Karyorrhexis Karyolysis Mitotic catastrophe Suicide gene Accidental death Autopsy Brain death Brainstem
Non-voluntary_euthanasia
Nuclear protein
Wee1+ activity was critical in preventing premature mitosis in Cdc25+ (a mitotic inducer) yeast cells and increased Wee1+ expression could further delay
Wee1
Immunogenic cell death Ischemic cell death Pyknosis Karyorrhexis Karyolysis Mitotic catastrophe Suicide gene Accidental death Autopsy Brain death Brainstem
Euthanasia_in_India
Evolutionary reproductive strategy of mammals
and is characterized by a dramatic reduction or complete cessation of mitotic activity, arresting most often in the G0 or G1 phase of division. In placental
Embryonic_diapause
Protein-coding gene in humans
F, Gieffers C, Mechtler K, Hagting A, Pines J, Peters JM (Dec 2003). "Mitotic regulation of the human anaphase-promoting complex by phosphorylation"
CDC23
Cell cycle protein
G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B3 is a protein encoded by the CCNB3 gene located on the X chromosome in humans. Cyclin B3 has features of both A type cyclins
Cyclin_B3
Euthanasia applied to gravely ill children
Immunogenic cell death Ischemic cell death Pyknosis Karyorrhexis Karyolysis Mitotic catastrophe Suicide gene Accidental death Autopsy Brain death Brainstem
Child_euthanasia
New Zealand chapter of Exit International There were internal disagreements between Dignity New Zealand's Lesley Martin and Exit International's Philip
Euthanasia and assisted suicide in New Zealand
Euthanasia_and_assisted_suicide_in_New_Zealand
Protein complex
(Figure 1). Their subunits were originally identified as major components of mitotic chromosomes assembled in Xenopus egg extracts. Many eukaryotic cells possess
Condensin
Amino acid sequence causing a protein to be exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm
Survivin is a NES that inhibits cellular apoptosis. It interacts with the mitotic spindles during cellular division. Due to the usually rapid proliferation
Nuclear_export_signal
Suicide undertaken with aid from another person
Immunogenic cell death Ischemic cell death Pyknosis Karyorrhexis Karyolysis Mitotic catastrophe Suicide gene Accidental death Autopsy Brain death Brainstem
Assisted_suicide
Mitochondrial Eve Human mitochondrial genetics Mitochondrion Mitosis Mitotic apparatus Mitotic crossover Model organisms Modifier gene Molecular biology Molecular
Index_of_genetics_articles
Protein found in humans
ET, Lander LE, Wing JP, et al. (1996). "cul-1 is required for cell cycle exit in C. elegans and identifies a novel gene family". Cell. 85 (6): 829–39.
Cullin-1
Phenomenon in which the soul (astral body) is said to exit the physical body
Immunogenic cell death Ischemic cell death Pyknosis Karyorrhexis Karyolysis Mitotic catastrophe Suicide gene Accidental death Autopsy Brain death Brainstem
Out-of-body_experience
Protein found in humans
Wing JP, He WW, Hedgecock EM (June 1996). "cul-1 is required for cell cycle exit in C. elegans and identifies a novel gene family". Cell. 85 (6): 829–839
Cullin-3
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