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Computer memory architecture
computer hardware, multi-channel memory architecture is a technology that increases the data transfer rate between the DRAM memory and the memory controller by
Multi-channel memory architecture
Multi-channel_memory_architecture
successor of the triple-channel architecture used by the Intel X58 chipset for LGA1366-based CPUs. Multi-channel memory architecture "AMD Opteron 6000 Series
Quad-channel_architecture
Computer memory design used in multiprocessing
problem is the multi-channel memory architecture, in which a linear increase in the number of memory channels increases the memory access concurrency linearly
Non-uniform_memory_access
Computer memory access architecture
waiting for memory banks to become ready for the operations. It is different from multi-channel memory architectures, primarily as interleaved memory does not
Interleaved_memory
High-end IBM computer model from 1960s
needed] It was also one of the first computers to utilize multi-channel memory architecture. Castells-Rufas et al. reported that the 360/91 used 74 kW
IBM_System/360_Model_91
Access latency of a memory unit from RAM
memory latencies expressed in clock cycles have been fairly stable, but they have improved in time. Burst mode (computing) CAS latency Multi-channel memory
Memory_latency
Parallel computer bus introduced by IBM in 1987
Micro Channel architecture, or the Micro Channel bus, is a proprietary 16- or 32-bit parallel computer bus publicly introduced by IBM in 1987, which was
Micro_Channel_architecture
Form of computer memory
Hybrid Memory Cube List of RAM chip manufacturers List of RAM module manufacturers Memory geometry Memory module Multi-channel memory architecture Read-mostly
Random-access_memory
Feature of computer systems
synchronization Channel I/O – High-performance input/output architecture DMA attack – Cyberattack exploiting high-speed expansion ports Memory-mapped I/O –
Direct_memory_access
Equal sharing of all resources by multiple identical processors
multiprocessing or shared-memory multiprocessing (SMP) involves a multiprocessor computer hardware and software architecture where two or more identical
Symmetric_multiprocessing
6th generation Xeon x86 server processors designed by Intel, released in 2024
DDR5 memory controllers that natively support DDR5-6400. Each XCC compute tile provides four channels of DDR5 for a total of 12 memory channels across
Granite_Rapids
System-on-a-chip series designed by Apple Inc.
single die while preserving the unified memory architecture that the CPU, GPU, and Neural Engine share. Multi-die designs using similar concepts have
Apple_M5
Third generation of double-data-rate synchronous dynamic random-access memory
List of interface bit rates Low power DDR3 SDRAM (LPDDR3) Multi-channel memory architecture Prior to revision F, the standard stated that 1.975 V was
DDR3_SDRAM
Method of CPU communication
as channels on mainframe computers, which execute their own instructions. Memory-mapped I/O uses the same address space to address both main memory and
Memory-mapped I/O and port-mapped I/O
Memory-mapped_I/O_and_port-mapped_I/O
Type of memory used on processors that require high transfer rate memory
High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) is a computer memory interface for 3D-stacked synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM), initially developed by Samsung
High_Bandwidth_Memory
System-on-a-chip designed by Apple Inc.
Security Engineering and Architecture (SEAR) (September 9, 2025). "Memory Integrity Enforcement: A complete vision for memory safety in Apple devices"
Apple_A19
Internal structure of random-access memory
random access memory Random-access memory Memory organisation Memory address Memory bank Bank switching Double-sided RAM Dual-channel architecture Page address
Memory_geometry
Self-correcting computer data storage
Error correction code memory (ECC memory) is a type of computer data storage that uses an error correction code (ECC) to detect and correct n-bit data
ECC_memory
MOS field-effect transistor with more than one gate
differentiated and classified in terms of architecture (planar vs. non-planar design) and the number of channels/gates (2, 3, or 4). A planar double-gate
Multigate_device
IBM computer family (1964–1977)
addresses. Byte-addressable memory (as opposed to bit-addressable or word-addressable memory) 32-bit words The Bus and Tag I/O channel standardized in FIPS-60
IBM_System/360
Fault-tolerant computer system
the term lockstep memory to describe a multi-channel memory layout in which cache lines are distributed between two memory channels, so one half of the
Lockstep_(computing)
Type of computer memory
bus signaling rate drop and overcome the memory bottleneck, new chipsets employ the multi-channel architecture.[citation needed] Note: All items listed
DDR_SDRAM
Intel microprocessor series released in 2024
disaggregated MCM design. On May 24, 2024, details on the Lunar Lake architecture were unveiled during Intel's Computex presentation in Taiwan. SKU names
Lunar_Lake
with the least significant byte of a multi-byte value in the lowest-numbered memory location. Big-endian architectures instead arrange bytes with the most
Comparison of instruction set architectures
Comparison_of_instruction_set_architectures
System with more than one processor
refers to a hardware architecture that allows multiprocessing. Multiprocessor systems are classified according to how processor memory access is handled
Multiprocessor system architecture
Multiprocessor_system_architecture
Electronic assembly containing multiple integrated circuits that behaves as a unit
"Intel migrates to desktop Multi-Chip Modules (MCMs) with 14nm Broadwell". Fudzilla. Richard Chirgwin, The Register. “Memory vendors pile on '3D' stacking
Multi-chip_module
Concept in software design
by disallowing inter-process memory access, in contrast with architectures in which any process can write to any memory in any other process. Process
Process_isolation
each connected to the memory controller using a serial interface, rather than a parallel one. Unlike the parallel bus architecture of traditional DRAMs
Fully_Buffered_DIMM
Electronic non-volatile computer storage device
directly. Its architecture allows for individual byte access, facilitating faster read speeds compared to NAND flash. NAND flash memory operates with
Flash_memory
Model independent architecture for the S/360 line of mainframe computers
System/360 I/O Interface Channel to Control Unit Original Equipment Manufacturers' Information manuals. The System/360 architecture provides the following
IBM_System/360_architecture
Intel microprocessor, released in 2024
to 288. It supports a higher number PCIe lanes and 12-channel DDR5 memory. Process–architecture–optimization model, by Intel Tick–tock model, by Intel
Sierra_Forest
Intel microprocessor, released in 2023
Interface 4.0 8-channel DDR5 ECC memory support up to DDR5-4800, up to 2 DIMMs per channel On-package High Bandwidth Memory 2.0e memory as L4 cache on
Sapphire_Rapids
Hardware cache of a central processing unit
Shared-Cache Multi-Core Systems". Intel. Retrieved 2015-11-24. "Cornell Virtual Workshop > Introduction to Advanced Cluster Architectures > Memory, Cache,
CPU_cache
Computer memory management scheme
instruction set architecture (ISA) for instance, the memory paging is enabled via the CR0 control register. In the 1960s, swapping was an early memory management
Memory_paging
Hybrid RISC digital signal processor
architecture. The L1 internal SRAM memory, which runs at the core-clock speed of the device, is based on a Harvard architecture. Instruction memory and
Blackfin
Series of pioneering microprocessors from the 1980s
points to the microcode read-only memory (ROM) and the outputs from the ROM were fed directly to the data path. For multi-cycle instructions, while the data
Transputer
(released in Sept. 1999) and later MSN customer marketing data store (multi-terabyte in-memory DB shared by all MSN sites) as well as a number of other MSN sites
Space-based_architecture
Early form of read-only memory
Core rope memory is a form of read-only memory (ROM) for computers. It was used in the UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I) and the UNIVAC II, developed
Core_rope_memory
Security-related instruction code processor extension
trusted code. There is a proliferation of side-channel attacks plaguing modern computer architectures. Many of these attacks measure slight, nondeterministic
Software_Guard_Extensions
Specialized microprocessor optimized for digital signal processing
because of power consumption constraints. DSPs often use special memory architectures that are able to fetch multiple data or instructions at the same
Digital_signal_processor
GPU microarchitecture by Nvidia
successor to Maxwell is codenamed Pascal. The Pascal architecture features higher bandwidth unified memory and NVLink. List of eponyms of Nvidia GPU microarchitectures
Maxwell_(microarchitecture)
2017 AMD 14-nanometer processor microarchitecture
DDR4 memory (up to eight channels) and ECC. Pre-release reports stated APUs using the Zen architecture would also support High Bandwidth Memory (HBM)
Zen_(first_generation)
Line of Intel server and workstation processors
on the same architecture as regular desktop-grade CPUs, but have advanced features such as support for error correction code (ECC) memory, higher core
Xeon
Overview of computer engineering topics
error correction Noisy-channel coding theorem Modulation Signal-to-noise ratio Linear code Noise (electronics) Logic family Multi-level cell Flip-flop (electronics)
Computer engineering compendium
Computer_engineering_compendium
System on a chip by Nvidia
integrates an ARM architecture central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), northbridge, southbridge, and memory controller onto one
Tegra
Part of computer memory
including core memory, twistor memory, and bubble memory. Today[as of?], the most common memory cell architecture is MOS memory, which consists of metal–oxide–semiconductor
Memory_cell_(computing)
Ability to handle changing demands of resources
shared-nothing architecture. Still later, Oracle introduced the shared-everything architecture, which provided full functionality on multi-server clusters
Database_scalability
AMD brand of server microprocessors
support for larger amounts of RAM, support for ECC memory, and larger CPU cache. They also support multi-chip and dual-socket system configurations by using
Epyc
structure for random-access memory, ferroelectric flash employs ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) in string architectures similar to 3D NAND. This
Ferroelectric_flash_memory
2012 64-bit mainframe microprocessor by IBM
zEC12 chip has on board multi-channel DDR3 RAM memory controller supporting a RAID like configuration to recover from memory faults. The zEC12 also includes
IBM_zEC12
Computer memory management technique
part of a modern computer architecture; implementations usually require hardware support, typically in the form of a memory management unit built into
Virtual_memory
Multi-core microprocessor microarchitecture
PPE-and-bus architecture includes various modes of operation, providing different levels of memory protection, thereby allowing areas of memory to be protected
Cell_(processor)
Arm-based system-on-chip by Nvidia
combines a 20-core Nvidia Grace CPU with a Blackwell RTX GPU and unified memory, and is intended for local artificial intelligence, creative, and gaming
Nvidia_RTX_Spark
Pseudo-static random-access memory technology introduced by MoSys Inc.
random-access memory (SRAM) in embedded memory applications. Mosys uses a single-transistor storage cell (bit cell) like dynamic random-access memory (DRAM)
1T-SRAM
2015 64-bit mainframe microprocessor by IBM
The z13 chip has on board multi-channel DDR3 RAM memory controller supporting a RAID-like configuration to recover from memory faults. The z13 also includes
IBM_z13
Multi-chip CPU by IBM implementing the POWER instruction set architecture
The POWER1 is a multi-chip CPU developed and fabricated by IBM that implemented the POWER instruction set architecture (ISA). It was originally known as
POWER1
Type of computer memory
core memory frequency and the IO frequency. In an 8n prefetch architecture (such as DDR3), the IOs will operate 8 times faster than the memory core (each
Synchronous dynamic random-access memory
Synchronous_dynamic_random-access_memory
Storage array product
Symmetrix DMX Architecture featured Channel Directors for host communication, Disk Directors for disk communication, and Global Memory Directors for I/O
Dell_EMC_VMAX
Polyphonic analogue synthesizer
multi-mode BBD chorus effect, and voice input for several of Akai's then-contemporary samplers such as the S612, S700, and X7000. It has 64 memory locations
Akai_AX60
Programming paradigm in which many processes are executed simultaneously
computing has become the dominant paradigm in computer architecture, mainly in the form of multi-core processors. In computer science, parallelism and
Parallel_computing
Mainframe computer series, 1960s-1970s
configurations of core memory, mass-storage devices, terminal equipment, and various specialized interface equipment. The system architecture and instruction
RCA_Spectra_70
Central computer component that executes instructions
Neumann architecture uses the same memory space for both. Most modern CPUs are primarily von Neumann in design, but CPUs with the Harvard architecture are
Central_processing_unit
Discontinued computer memory type
XPoint architecture differs from previous offerings of PCM and uses chalcogenide materials for both selector and storage parts of the memory cell that
3D_XPoint
2017 64-bit mainframe microprocessor by IBM
The z14 chip has on board multi-channel DDR4 RAM memory controller supporting a RAID-like configuration to recover from memory faults. The z14 also includes
IBM_z14
Type of computer memory
synchronous DRAM – DDR SDRAM memory is now preferred over asynchronous DRAM. The pipeline architecture employed by synchronous memory allows higher throughput
Static_random-access_memory
Family of central processing unit models
(512 kB per core in Athlon II X2 200e-220) Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz (AM2+), dual channel DDR3-1333 (AM3) with unganging option MMX
Athlon_II
Abstraction of parallel computer architecture
monitors can be used to avoid these. Conventional multi-core processors directly support shared memory, which many parallel programming languages and libraries
Parallel_programming_model
first Intel mobile generation to use a chiplet architecture, which means that the processor is a multi-chip module. In June 2023, Intel unveiled new branding
List_of_Intel_processors
Set of computers configured in a distributed computing system
fastest machine in 2011 was the K computer which has a distributed memory, cluster architecture. Greg Pfister has stated that clusters were not invented by any
Computer_cluster
Layer of hardware-level instructions or data structures
speeds grew more quickly than memory speeds and numerous techniques such as memory block transfer, memory pre-fetch and multi-level caches were used to alleviate
Microcode
Microarchitecture by AMD
feature clustered multi-thread (CMT), meaning that there are no "modules" Puma does not feature Heterogeneous System Architecture or zero-copy 32 KiB
Puma_(microarchitecture)
American audio equipment manufacturer
with handshaking. Each I/O and Master module used the same basic memory paging architecture—the lower 32 KB were mapped to a 2 KB boot EPROM and a 32 KB SRAM
Euphonix
Specialized electronic circuit that accelerates graphics
random access memory (VRAM) and GPU core. This memory bus bandwidth can limit the performance of the IGPU, though multi-channel memory can mitigate this
Graphics_processing_unit
36-bit computer by Digital (1966–1983)
set architecture is largely the same. This section covers that architecture. The only major change to the architecture is the addition of multi-section
PDP-10
Computer memory used for small quantities of data
or E2PROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) is a type of non-volatile memory. It is used in computers, usually integrated in microcontrollers
EEPROM
RISC-based microprocessor design
protected, garbage-collected memory—such as Ada and Lisp—in hardware. Because of its instruction-set complexity, its multi-chip implementation, and design
Intel_i960
Family of mainframe computers
available). The 16 input/output (I/O) channels also used thin-film memory locations for direct-to-memory I/O memory location registers. Programs could not
UNIVAC_1100/2200_series
Reprogrammable computer hardware technology
to three other wires in adjacent channel segments. The pattern, or topology, of switches used in this architecture is the planar or domain-based switch
Logic_block
Internal expansion bus in early PC compatibles
attempts to replace the AT bus with its new and incompatible Micro Channel architecture. The 16-bit ISA bus was also used with 32-bit processors for several
Industry Standard Architecture
Industry_Standard_Architecture
Instructions directly executable by a computer
the architecture. The number of instructions may be relatively small or large. Instructions may or may not have to be aligned on particular memory boundaries
Machine_code
Software responsible for starting the computer
which would load only the first three sectors of the file into memory. For z/Architecture the details are slightly different due to 64-bit addresses. The
Bootloader
Computer programming language
CPUs is vastly lower memory bandwidth as generally speaking the CPU spends most of its time waiting on RAM. As an example, dual-channel PC2-6400 DDR2 RAM
BrookGPU
Array of logic gates that are reprogrammable
analog peripherals such as a multi-channel analog-to-digital converters and digital-to-analog converters in their flash memory-based FPGA fabric.[citation
Field-programmable_gate_array
Parallel computing platform and programming model
warps with even IDs. shared memory only, no data cache shared memory separate, but L1 includes texture cache "H.6.1. Architecture". docs.nvidia.com. Retrieved
CUDA
Computer processor microarchitecture by AMD
Bobcat Family microarchitecture in 2013 and being succeeded by AMD's Puma architecture in 2014. It is two-way superscalar and capable of out-of-order execution
Jaguar_(microarchitecture)
Type of computer memory
laptops and usually connected over a 64-bit wide memory bus, LPDDR also permits 16- or 32-bit wide channels. The "E" and "X" versions mark enhanced versions
LPDDR
Circuit board for connecting to a computer system to add functionality
appropriate to the tasks it will perform. For example, a high-speed multi-channel data acquisition system would be of no use in a personal computer used
Expansion_card
Synthesizer
with velocity and channel aftertouch, which can be zoned along with pitch-bend to affect only specific keys (unlike on the SY77) Memory: 128 preset patches
Yamaha_SY99
computer, IO and memory boards. Pathlight was involved in the development of Serial Storage Architecture products, and in Fibre Channel products. Pathlight
Pathlight_Technology
AMD computing architecture
tile has a 32 KB memory to load partial computations and 16 KB of program memory. AI engines are statically scheduled architectures. Static scheduling
AI_engine
Micro-electronic component
consumption and a reduced semiconductor die area compared to traditional multi-chip architectures, though at the cost of reduced modularity and component replaceability
System_on_a_chip
3D-stacked DRAM
Multi-Channel DRAM or MCDRAM (pronounced em cee dee ram) is a 3D-stacked DRAM that is used in the Intel Xeon Phi processor codenamed Knights Landing.
MCDRAM
Storage device technology
implementation of a normally-off channel. Such an improvement of the 0/1 contrast through careful modification of the channel will allow memory arrays to be built with
UltraRAM
Brand of microprocessors
memory, and more expansion opportunities. These chips use larger sockets such as TR4, sTRX4, sWRX8, and sTR5 which support additional memory channels
Threadripper
Instruction set architecture extension
to the x86 instruction set architecture (ISA) that adds hardware transactional memory support, speeding up execution of multi-threaded software through
Transactional Synchronization Extensions
Transactional_Synchronization_Extensions
Novel type of computer memory
ECRAM, the programming of the memory element is defined not as a change in capacity or opacity, but by a change of channel conductivity associated with
Electrochemical_RAM
Machine learning-powered structure design
Qi; Xiong, Hongkai (2019). "PC-DARTS: Partial Channel Connections for Memory-Efficient Architecture Search". arXiv:1907.05737 [cs.CV]. Wang, Ruochen;
Neural_architecture_search
Nonlinear two-terminal fundamental circuit element
A memristor (/ˈmɛmrɪstər/; a portmanteau of memory resistor) is a non-linear two-terminal electrical component relating electric charge and magnetic flux
Memristor
Microprocessor core
general-purpose memory and logic fabric of Xilinx FPGAs. MicroBlaze was introduced in 2002. In terms of its instruction set architecture, MicroBlaze is
MicroBlaze
Array of processing elements specialized for parallelizable workloads
layers. Simba: an experimental multi-chip module spatial architecture developed by Nvidia. Each chip has roughly 110 KB of memory and features 16 processing
Spatial_architecture
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MULTI CHANNEL-MEMORY-ARCHITECTURE
MULTI CHANNEL-MEMORY-ARCHITECTURE
Girl/Female
French American
Canal; channel. The popular perfume Chanel.
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Emery, EMORY means "work-power."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Emery.
Male
English
English unisex name derived from the vocabulary word, CHANCE means "chance."Â
Girl/Female
English American Greek
Melody.
Girl/Female
French
Canal; channel. The popular perfume Chanel.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Chantel, SHANTEL means "stony place."
Female
English
English variant spelling of French Chantal, CHANTEL means "stony place."
Surname or Lastname
English (Channel Islands)
English (Channel Islands) : unexplained.Probably an Americanized spelling of German Krill or Grill 2.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Christian, French
Channel; The Popular Perfume Chanel
Girl/Female
French
Canal; channel. The popular perfume Chanel.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Channell.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived near an estuary, channel, or drain, Middle English chanel, Old French chanel (Latin canalis ‘canal’, ‘conduit’).
Girl/Female
French
Canal; channel. The popular perfume Chanel.
Girl/Female
French
Canal; channel. The popular perfume Chanel.
Male
Hindi/Indian
Variant spelling of Hindi Chandra, CHANDER means "moon."
Boy/Male
French
From the chapel.
Male
Hebrew
Variant spelling of Hebrew Channiy'el, CHANIEL means "favored of God."
Girl/Female
Australian, French, Jamaican
The Popular Perfume Chanel; Channel; Pipe
Female
Finnish
Pet form of Finnish Hanne, HANNELE means "favor; grace."
MULTI CHANNEL-MEMORY-ARCHITECTURE
MULTI CHANNEL-MEMORY-ARCHITECTURE
MULTI CHANNEL-MEMORY-ARCHITECTURE
MULTI CHANNEL-MEMORY-ARCHITECTURE
MULTI CHANNEL-MEMORY-ARCHITECTURE
MULTI CHANNEL-MEMORY-ARCHITECTURE
MULTI CHANNEL-MEMORY-ARCHITECTURE
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