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Timing information of a memory module
DDR3-2000 memory has a 1000 MHz clock frequency, which yields a 1 ns clock cycle. With this 1 ns clock, a CAS latency of 7 gives an absolute CAS latency of 7 ns
Memory_timings
Access latency of a memory unit from RAM
Memory latency is the time (the latency) between initiating a request for a byte or word in memory until it is retrieved by a processor. If the data are
Memory_latency
Time delay between data read command and availability of data in a computer's RAM
Column Address Strobe latency, also called CAS latency or CL, is the delay in clock cycles between the READ command and the moment data is available. In
CAS_latency
Low-level hardware direct memory access
either computer's operating system. This permits high-throughput, low-latency memory access over a network, which is especially useful in massively parallel
Remote_direct_memory_access
Form of computer memory
initialization. CAS latency Chip creep Hybrid Memory Cube List of RAM chip manufacturers List of RAM module manufacturers Memory geometry Memory module Multi-channel
Random-access_memory
Time delay between an input and a response
experience some sort of latency, regardless of the nature of the stimulation to which it has been exposed. The precise definition of latency depends on the system
Latency_(engineering)
Type of cryptographic algorithm
down computation through memory latency. MHFs have found use in key stretching and proof of work as their increased memory requirements significantly
Memory-hard_function
Type of computer memory
more chips to be connected to the memory bus. The cost is increased memory latency, as a result of one[citation needed] additional clock cycle required
Registered_memory
Feature of computer systems
I/O processing latency, allows processing of the I/O to be performed entirely in cache, prevents the available RAM bandwidth/latency from becoming a
Direct_memory_access
such as the Cell Broadband Engine to dynamically hide latencies that occur due to memory latency or I/O operations. Micro-threading is a software-based
Micro-thread_(multi-core)
Computer memory architecture
DDR memory in a dual-channel configuration. Theoretically, dual-channel configurations double the memory bandwidth and reduce the memory latency when
Multi-channel memory architecture
Multi-channel_memory_architecture
Type of computer memory
for systems with an L2 cache, the availability of EDO memory improved the average memory latency seen by applications over earlier FPM implementations
Dynamic_random-access_memory
Self-correcting computer data storage
applies to read-commands. This results in an approximate doubling of memory latency. Specifically, Intel's implementation has minimal performance impact
ECC_memory
2024 Intel product line
One reviewer recorded Arrow Lake memory latency as high as 180 ns, over twice the 70–80 ns expected memory latency. Hallock promised updates and fixes
Arrow_Lake_(microprocessor)
Open standard processor interconnection for data centers
bytes for actual data. Latency Optimized (LOpt): Split into two 128B halves, whereby the happy path (CRC matches) reduces latency by ~5ns over the standard
Compute_Express_Link
Measure of the amount of data transferred per unit time
memory hardware rather than as information stored in that hardware. CAS latency Dynamic random-access memory List of device bandwidths Memory latency
Memory_bandwidth
Type of dedicated computer memory
segregated due to the bandwidth requirements of GPUs, and to achieve lower latency, since VRAM is physically closer to the GPU die. Modern VRAM is typically
Video_random-access_memory
Visual performance model
Rivera, F. F. (2014-03-26). "3DyRM: a dynamic roofline model including memory latency information". The Journal of Supercomputing. 70 (2): 696–708. doi:10
Roofline_model
Stage of HIV infection
as memory T cells restricts proviral transcription and leads to latency. Multiple host-cell processes have been experimentally linked to HIV latency regulation
HIV_latency
Memory hierarchy concept applied to CPU caches with multiple levels
allow CPU cores to process faster despite the memory latency of main memory access. Accessing main memory can act as a bottleneck for CPU core performance
Cache_hierarchy
Intel computer processor
integrated memory controller die. Physical separation of the processor die and memory controller die resulted in increased memory latency. The CPUID for
Clarkdale_(microprocessor)
Device controlling access and addressing of memory
reducing memory latency, it locks the microprocessor to a specific type (or types) of memory, forcing a redesign in order to support newer memory technologies
Memory_controller
AMD graphics processing units
cache to reduce memory latency and increase bandwidth efficiency Memory subsystem supports up to 16 GB GDDR6 with up to 640 GB/s memory bandwidth depending
Radeon_RX_9000_series
Type of computing platform
investigated in the context of integrating a processor and memory on the same chip to reduce memory latency and increase bandwidth. These architectures seek to
Computing_with_memory
Type of computer memory
transfer rate (a CAS latency of 8 with DDR3-800 is 8/(400 MHz) = 20 ns, exactly the same latency of CAS2 on PC100 SDR SDRAM). DDR3 memory chips were being
Synchronous dynamic random-access memory
Synchronous_dynamic_random-access_memory
Second generation of double-data-rate synchronous dynamic random-access memory
memory operating at twice the external data bus clock rate as DDR may provide twice the bandwidth with the same latency. The best-rated DDR2 memory modules
DDR2_SDRAM
Micro-electronic component
processor. For further discussion of multi-processing memory issues, see cache coherence and memory latency. SoCs include external interfaces, typically for
System_on_a_chip
Discontinued computer memory type
drives would achieve 95000 IOPS throughput with 9 microsecond latency. This low latency significantly increases IOPS at low queue depths for random operations
3D_XPoint
Ratio used in computer memory
the memory system is dependent on FSB clock speed. Along with memory latency timings, memory dividers are extensively used in overclocking memory subsystems
Memory_divider
Type of computer memory
Static random-access memory (static RAM or SRAM) is a type of random-access memory (RAM) that uses latching circuitry (flip-flop) to store each bit. SRAM
Static_random-access_memory
Family of computer processors by Intel
integrated memory controller die. Physical separation of the processor die and memory controller die resulted in increased memory latency. Arrandale was
Arrandale
Electronic non-volatile computer storage device
Flash memory is an electronic non-volatile computer memory storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. The two main types of flash
Flash_memory
Computer buffer holding data to be written
written from the cache to main memory or to the next cache in the memory hierarchy to improve performance and reduce latency. It is used in certain CPU cache
Write_buffer
Physical components of a computer
used data, thereby reducing memory latency. When data is not found in the cache (a cache miss), it is retrieved from main memory. RAM is volatile, meaning
Computer_hardware
Problems with central processing unit design
incorrectly. Memory latency is another factor that designers must attend to, because the delay could reduce performance. Different types of memory have different
Hazard (computer architecture)
Hazard_(computer_architecture)
Computer performance metric
current memory systems. More information on C-AMAT can be found in the external links section. AMAT's three parameters hit time (or hit latency), miss
Average_memory_access_time
Interface used for connecting storage devices
a logical-device interface, has been designed to capitalize on the low latency and internal parallelism of solid-state storage devices. Architecturally
NVM_Express
Family of 64-bit Intel microprocessors
coherence through in-memory directories, which causes the minimum memory latency to be 241 ns. The latency to the most remote (NUMA) memory is 463 ns. The per-cell
Itanium
Virus of the herpes family
and enters Latency II. The more limited set of proteins and RNAs produced in Latency II induces the B cell to differentiate into a memory B cell. Finally
Epstein–Barr_virus
Magnetic data storage device
almost entirely by the rotational latency, whereas in an HDD with moving heads its performance includes a rotational latency delay plus the time to position
Drum_memory
Producing images of 3D scenes
frame, however memory latency may be higher than on a CPU, which can be a problem if the critical path in an algorithm involves many memory accesses. GPU
Rendering_(computer_graphics)
Latency between a request to an electronic system and the access being completed
processes, access time or latency should be measured at the 99th percentile. Memory latency Mechanical latency Rotational latency Seek time Vitillo, Roberto
Access_time
Small computer on a single integrated circuit
systems often seek to optimize interrupt latency over instruction throughput. Issues include both reducing the latency, and making it be more predictable (to
Microcontroller
Computing paradigm to improve computational efficiency
parallelism between the two. In doing so, it effectively hides all memory latency from the processor's perspective. A larger buffer can, in theory, increase
Out-of-order_execution
System information, diagnostics, and auditing program
processor to RAM. memory copy — tests the speed of data transfer from one memory cell to another via the processor's cache. memory latency — tests the average
AIDA64
Standardized way to automatically access information about a memory module
for three CAS latencies specified by set bits in byte 18. First comes the highest CAS latency (fastest clock), then two lower CAS latencies with progressively
Serial_presence_detect
Computer memory management scheme
order to reduce rotational latency. Flash memory has a finite number of erase-write cycles (see limitations of flash memory), and the smallest amount of
Memory_paging
Third generation of double-data-rate synchronous dynamic random-access memory
generations, faster DDR3 memory became available after the release of the initial versions. DDR3-2000 memory with 9-9-9-28 latency (9 ns) was available in
DDR3_SDRAM
Replaceable RAM form factor
Compression Attached Memory Module (CAMM) is a memory module form factor which uses a land grid array (LGA). CAMM can refer to both the general form and
CAMM_(memory_module)
Expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a display device
random access memory (RAM), its own cooling system, and dedicated power regulators. A graphics card can offload work and reduce memory-bus-contention
Graphics_card
Type of computer memory introduced 2014
incompatible DDR4 SO-DIMM sockets. CAS latency (CL) Clock cycles between sending a column address to the memory and the beginning of the data in response
DDR4_SDRAM
Microprocessing technique
cache misses (typically called long latency loads) before they would normally occur, effectively hiding memory latency. In runahead, the processor uses the
Runahead
illuminating the latency in executive functioning. Findings suggested a hindrance in temporal order, source, free recall and working memory. However, their
Autism_and_memory
Computer memory architecture
system performance is minimising how far down the memory hierarchy one has to go to manipulate data. Latency and bandwidth are two metrics associated with
Memory_hierarchy
Technique used in processor design
cache misses (typically called long latency loads) before they would normally occur, effectively hiding memory latency. In runahead, the processor uses the
Speculative_execution
Cognitive system for temporarily holding information
working memory. Other suggested names were short-term memory, primary memory, immediate memory, operant memory, and provisional memory. Short-term memory is
Working_memory
Computer memory management instruction
sufficiently far ahead in time to mitigate the latency of memory access, such as in a loop traversing memory linearly. The GNU Compiler Collection intrinsic
Cache_control_instruction
stream due to data being prefetched by the A-stream effectively hiding memory latency, and due to the A-stream's assistance with branch prediction. The two
Slipstream_(computer_science)
Computer memory design used in multiprocessing
of virtual memory paging to a cluster architecture can allow the implementation of NUMA entirely in software. However, the inter-node latency of software-based
Non-uniform_memory_access
Associative array for storing key–value pairs
utilization of CPU cache due to locality of references resulting in reduced memory latency. Coalesced hashing is a hybrid of both separate chaining and open addressing
Hash_table
Type of memory referring to general world knowledge
retrieval latency, which varies inversely with the amount by which the activation of the retrieved chunk exceeds the retrieval threshold. This latency is used
Semantic_memory
Additional storage that enables faster access to main storage
by a cache benefits one or both of latency and throughput (bandwidth). A larger resource incurs a significant latency for access – e.g. it can take hundreds
Cache_(computing)
Supercomputer manufactured by Cray Research
4 GB) of main memory, it was specified to 500 MFLOPS but was slower than the X-MP on certain calculations due to its high memory latency. The Cray Y-MP
Cray_X-MP
Instruction set extension by Intel
Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. "x86, x64 Instruction Latency, Memory Latency and CPUID dumps (instlatx64)". users.atw.hu. "Hygon C86-4G CPU
AVX-512
Reduced Latency DRAM (RLDRAM) is a type of specialty dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) with a SRAM-like interface originally developed by Infineon Technologies
RLDRAM
Ability of computer instructions to be executed simultaneously with correct results
speculative execution driven by value prediction, memory dependence prediction, and cache latency prediction. Branch prediction, which is used to avoid
Instruction-level_parallelism
between interrupt latency, throughput, and processor utilization. Many of the techniques of CPU and OS design that improve interrupt latency will decrease
Interrupt_latency
Standardized performance evaluation
computer's hardware parameters like number of registers, cache size, memory latency, etc. Kernel contains key codes normally abstracted from actual program
Benchmark_(computing)
CPU microarchitecture
the AMD64 instructions and an on-chip memory controller. The memory controller drastically reduces memory latency and is largely responsible for most of
AMD_K8
Specialty DRAM, faster than contemporary SDRAM
access latency is more desirable than low cost and high capacity (FCRAM is a moderate cost and capacity speciality DRAM). FCRAM achieves its low latency by
Fast_Cycle_DRAM
Early type of computer memory
memory address, it is necessary to wait for the signal representing its value to circulate through the delay line into the electronics. The latency to
Delay-line_memory
Ability of some viruses to lie dormant within a cell
Virus latency (or viral latency) is the ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant (latent) within a cell, denoted as the lysogenic part of the viral
Virus_latency
Series of microarchitectures and instruction set architecture by AMD
or graphics memory. This operation comes with significant latency. AMD and Nvidia chose similar approaches to hide this unavoidable latency: the grouping
Graphics_Core_Next
Form of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices
disks, lower latency, higher tolerance of physical shock, extreme miniaturization (in the form of USB flash drives and tiny microSD memory cards, for example)
Read-only_memory
Family of 1960s mainframe computers
combination). Small loops can reside entirely within the stack, eliminating memory latency from instruction fetches. Both the 6400 and 6600 CPUs have a cycle time
CDC_6000_series
Virtual reality headset
between a PC and the headset, bypassing local area networks to reduce latency and congestion. Use of the adapter is optional, and users will be able
Steam_Frame
Performance Acceleration Technology (PAT), a mode purported to cut down memory latency. SMP capability exists only on Xeon-based (socket 604) motherboards
List_of_Intel_chipsets
Motherboard chipset
CPU overhead while being also very fast. The DASP unit helped reduce memory latency for the main CPU by prefetching often needed data, or data that the
NForce
Intel processor microarchitecture
processor) within the processor package. This tighter integration reduces memory latency even more. A 14- to 19-stage instruction pipeline, depending on the
Sandy_Bridge
Microprocessor microarchitecture by AMD
relative to DDR and other latency-reducing features (e.g. additive latency) have been introduced, common comparisons based on CAS latency alone are not sufficient
AMD_10h
power consumption, and the daisy-chaining caused significantly higher memory latency. Because it is difficult to implement high-speed circuitry on the same
Socket_G3_Memory_Extender
Type of long-term human memory
In psychology and neuroscience, implicit memory is one of the two main types of long-term human memory. It is acquired and used unconsciously, and can
Implicit_memory
Hardware cache of a central processing unit
is checked, and so on, before accessing external memory. As the latency difference between main memory and the fastest cache has become larger, some processors
CPU_cache
Memory of autobiographical events
Episodic memory is the memory of everyday events (such as times, location geography, associated emotions, and other contextual information) that can be
Episodic_memory
Processor security vulnerability
exploiting side effects of speculative execution, a common means of hiding memory latency and so speeding up execution in modern microprocessors. In particular
Spectre (security vulnerability)
Spectre_(security_vulnerability)
Type of computer memory
Current existing types of semiconductor non-volatile memory have limitations in speed (bandwidth and latency), bit density, power consumption, or operating
Non-volatile random-access memory
Non-volatile_random-access_memory
Type of computer memory
rate synchronous dynamic random-access memory (DDR SDRAM) is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) widely used in computers and other
DDR_SDRAM
Microprocessor research center
eight-core multiprocessor designed using principles of parallelism and memory latency. The center is part of the Georgia Institute of Technology's College
Sony Toshiba IBM Center of Competence for the Cell Processor
Sony_Toshiba_IBM_Center_of_Competence_for_the_Cell_Processor
Series of video cards
memory transactions and thus working around memory latency limitations. "R300" was also given the latest refinement of ATI's innovative HyperZ memory
Radeon_9000_series
Error from a process accessing unmapped memory
using a fast solid-state drive with a page read latency of 0.030 ms (30 μs) and a memory access latency of 70 ns (0.070 μs), a hard page fault is still
Page_fault
Electro-mechanical data storage device
Rotational latency is incurred because the desired disk sector may not be directly under the head when data transfer is requested. Average rotational latency is
Hard_disk_drive
Process of storage and retrieval memory
between short- and long-term memory. Eugen Tarnow, a physics researcher, reported that the recall probability versus latency curve is a straight line from
Long-term_memory
chaining and had a high memory latency, but used much pipelining and was ideal for problems that required large amounts of memory. The software costs in
History_of_supercomputing
Instruction for x86 microprocessors
designation work. InstLatx64 (17 May 2026). "x86, x64 Instruction Latency, Memory Latency and CPUID dumps".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors
CPUID
Selective artificial removal of memories or associations from the mind
Memory erasure is the selective artificial removal of memories or associations from the mind. Memory erasure has been shown to be possible in some experimental
Memory_erasure
Binary arithmetic algorithm
architectures, spilling variables is expensive due to limited memory bandwidth and high memory latency, while limiting register usage can improve performance
XOR_swap_algorithm
Computer operating system for applications with critical timing constraints
Key factors in a real-time OS are minimal interrupt latency and minimal thread switching latency; a real-time OS is valued more for how quickly or how
Real-time_operating_system
American microprocessor developer
instructions. Jalapeno had an on-die memory controller based on RAMBUS technology capable of 3.2 GB/s to reduce memory latency and an integrated on-board 3D
Cyrix
Computer storage device with no moving parts
can improve bandwidth and reduce latency. The number of flash memory channel increases, the delay of raw flash memory (such as ONFI based NAND flash) decreases
Solid-state_drive
Formula in computer architecture
theoretical speedup in latency of the execution of the whole task at fixed workload W {\displaystyle W} , which yields S latency ( s ) = T W T ( s ) W
Amdahl's_law
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