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Computer memory access architecture
computing, interleaved memory is a design which compensates for the relatively slow speed of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) or core memory, by spreading
Interleaved_memory
Feature of computer systems
Direct memory access (DMA) is a feature of many computer systems that allows certain hardware subsystems to access main system memory independently of
Direct_memory_access
Topics referred to by the same term
An optical interleaver, a fiber-optic device to combine two sets of dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) signals Interleaved memory, a technique
Interleaving
Type of computer memory
have two interleaved memory banks sharing the address and data lines, but each having their own RAS, CAS, WE and OE connections. The memory controller
Dynamic_random-access_memory
organise memories with respect to the way they are connected to the cache: one-word-wide memory organisation wide memory organisation interleaved memory organisation
Memory_organisation
Access latency of a memory unit from RAM
time. Burst mode (computing) CAS latency Multi-channel memory architecture Interleaved memory SDRAM burst ordering SDRAM latency Crucial Technology, "Speed
Memory_latency
Logical unit of storage in computer architecture
memory modules needed to have the same number of data bits as the bus. A bank can consist of one or more memory modules. Bank switching Interleaved memory
Memory_bank
Computer storage device with no moving parts
improved the efficiency of NAND flash, incorporating techniques such as interleaved memory, advanced error correction, and wear leveling to optimize performance
Solid-state_drive
Ordering fields of data sequentially
and store instructions, for moving between interleaved and non-interleaved representations. Interleaving has performance implications for cache coherency
Interleaving_(data)
Type of computer memory
address, and the configured burst type option: sequential or interleaved. Typically, a memory controller will require one or the other. When the burst length
Synchronous dynamic random-access memory
Synchronous_dynamic_random-access_memory
Error-correcting codes used on compact discs
control code, some form of interleaving is required. The CD system employs two concatenated Reed–Solomon codes, which are interleaved cross-wise. Judicious
Cross-interleaved Reed–Solomon coding
Cross-interleaved_Reed–Solomon_coding
Self-correcting computer data storage
Error correction code memory (ECC memory) is a type of computer data storage that uses an error correction code (ECC) to detect and correct n-bit data
ECC_memory
Computer memory architecture
It also uses a weighted-interleave allocation policy. Cache hierarchy Use of spatial and temporal locality: hierarchical memory Buffer vs. cache Cache
Memory_hierarchy
Interleaved deltas, or SCCS weave is a method used by the Source Code Control System to store all revisions of a file. All lines from all revisions are
Interleaved_deltas
Version history of the Linux kernel
Intel® Trust Domain Extensions". Intel. Retrieved 29 November 2025. "Device Memory TCP — The Linux Kernel documentation". docs.kernel.org. Retrieved 29 November
Linux_kernel_version_history
DEC brand of computers
odd memory addresses are treated as separate banks of memory. Interleaving the memory subsystem doubles the bandwidth of a non-interleaved memory subsystem
DECstation
Type of computer memory
Registered memory (also called buffered memory) is computer memory that has a register between the DRAM modules and the system's memory controller. A registered
Registered_memory
Computer memory architecture
hardware, multi-channel memory architecture is a technology that increases the data transfer rate between the DRAM memory and the memory controller by adding
Multi-channel memory architecture
Multi-channel_memory_architecture
Codes intended to correct short, contiguous errors in a communications channel
resulting 28-symbol codeword is passed through a (28.4) cross interleaver leading to 28 interleaved symbols. These are then passed through C1 (32,28,5) RS code
Burst_error-correcting_code
Supercomputer manufactured by Cray Research
megaword) of main memory, where each word also had eight parity bits for a total of 72 bits per word. Memory was spread across 16 interleaved memory banks, each
Cray-1
Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO). This method influenced the interleaved memory design and was quickly adopted by commercial computer products, first
Xiaodong Zhang (computer scientist)
Xiaodong_Zhang_(computer_scientist)
High-end IBM computer model from late 1960s
respectively. The I85 includes two-way interleaved memory while the others provide four-way interleaving of memory access. The system console is L-shaped:
IBM_System/360_Model_85
Computer memory module
A DIMM (Dual In-line Memory Module) is a type of memory module used in computers. It is a printed circuit board with one or both sides (front and back)
DIMM
Scheme for controlling errors in data over noisy communication channels
might be decoded incorrectly. With interleaving: Error-free code words: aaaabbbbccccddddeeeeffffgggg Interleaved: abcdefgabcdefgabcdefgabcdefg Transmission
Error_correction_code
Computer memory chips used as a set
the DRAM can drive out the read data. Controlling interleaved accesses like so is done by the memory controller.[citation needed] There is a small performance
Memory_rank
1970 mainframe computer
support one or two memory modules for a maximum of 256 K words (1 MB of 9-bit bytes). Each module provided two-way interleaved memory. Devices called Input/Output
Honeywell_6000_series
Timing information of a memory module
only tRFC2. Memory bandwidth measures the throughput of memory, and is generally limited by the transfer rate, not latency. By interleaving access to SDRAM's
Memory_timings
Magnetic data storage device
called the "skip factor" or "interleaving", was used for many years in storage memory controllers. Tauschek's original drum memory (1932) had a capacity of
Drum_memory
32-bit minicomputers
cycle time" through the use of two "instruction lookahead stacks" and interleaved memory. Other architectural differences include the following: General register
Interdata_7/32_and_8/32
Computer memory architecture
possible interleavings of the operations. The issue with this conclusion is determining the correctness of the interleaved operations. Memory coherence
Distributed_shared_memory
Family of large mainframe computers
128 entries, respectively. Main memory was interleaved, either 2 or 4-way in early machines depending on how much memory was installed, or 4-way in later
Amdahl_470V
Placing data accessed sequentially into non-sequential blocks
be read. Interleaving was common prior to the 1990s, but faded from use as processing speeds increased. Modern disk storage is not interleaved. Modern
Interleaving_(disk_storage)
Former semiconductor company in California
use of two of C&T's patents regarding semiconductor memory designs and particularly interleaved memory schemes, but a federal judge later ruled in OPTi's
OPTi
Computer partitioning technology
family and the Superdome. If the cells are added as floating cells (no interleaved memory) they can also be warm added and removed from the partition. In a
NPartition
Design of high-performance computers
memory architecture. The processors are connected with non-internally blocking crossbar switch and communicate with each other via global interleaved
Supercomputer_architecture
Parallel computing data layout methods
fields is interleaved using tiles or blocks with size equal to the SIMD vector size. This is often less intuitive, but can achieve the memory throughput
AoS_and_SoA
Computer memory module
SIMM. Conversely, some 386 and 486 systems use what is known as "memory interleaving", which requires twice as many SIMMs and effectively doubles the
SIMM
Concurrent execution of multiple processes
tasks in an interleaved manner, while the tasks share common processing resources such as central processing units (CPUs) and main memory. Multitasking
Computer_multitasking
architectural concepts: spooling, interrupts, instruction pipelining, interleaved memory, virtual memory and paging – Team headed by Tom Kilburn The first graphical
List of British innovations and discoveries
List_of_British_innovations_and_discoveries
crossbar switch. They will communicate with each other via global interleaved memory (memory that can be written to and read by all threads) in the SRAM. The
Cyclops64
Perfectly interleaved playing card shuffle
then cards are released by the thumbs so that they fall to the table interleaved. Diaconis, Graham, and Kantor also call this the technique, when used
Faro_shuffle
Instructions directly executable by a computer
used to preserve memory space. One example was in the implementation of error tables in Microsoft's Altair BASIC, where interleaved instructions mutually
Machine_code
architectural concepts: spooling, interrupts, pipelining, interleaved memory, virtual memory and paging. It was the most powerful machine in the world
Timeline of computing 1950–1979
Timeline_of_computing_1950–1979
architectural concepts: spooling, interrupts, instruction pipelining, interleaved memory, virtual memory, and paging. 1965: Null pointer added to the ALGOL W language
List of English inventions and discoveries
List_of_English_inventions_and_discoveries
Pre-pressed compact disc containing computer data
A CD-ROM (/ˌsiːdiːˈrɒm/, compact disc read-only memory) is a type of read-only memory consisting of a pre-pressed optical compact disc that contains data
CD-ROM
Rules that guarantee predictable computer memory operation
follows the rules for operations on memory, memory will be consistent and the results of reading, writing, or updating memory will be predictable. Consistency
Consistency_model
US military airborne general-purpose computer
cycle time and 200-nanosecond access time Interleaved or non-interleaved addressing Read/write expandable memory (RXM), 4K x 18-bit RAM with optional 4K
AN/AYK-14
General-purpose programming language
operators are evaluated is unspecified. The evaluations may even be interleaved. However, all side effects (including storage to variables) will occur
C_(programming_language)
Mapping function that preserves data point locality
The z-value of a point in multidimensions is simply calculated by bit interleaving the binary representations of its coordinate values. However, when querying
Z-order_curve
NTSC (interleaved/progressive scan): 256 x 448/224, 320 x 448/224, 384 x 448/224, 512 x 448/224, 640 x 448/224 or 704 x 448/224 PAL (interleaved/progressive
PlayStation 2 technical specifications
PlayStation_2_technical_specifications
Type of computer memory that transfers data using QDR
faster than DDR SRAM but is 100% efficient when reads and writes are interleaved. In contrast, DDR SRAM is most efficient when only one request type is
Quad_data_rate_SRAM
Memory effect in educational psychology
learning) suggests long-term memory is increased when part of the learning period is devoted to retrieving information from memory. It is different from the
Testing_effect
Consistency model in concurrent computing
used in the domain of concurrent computing (e.g. in distributed shared memory, distributed transactions, etc.). It is the property that "... the result
Sequential_consistency
Magnetic-core memory storage unit for IBM System/360 computers
components they are four-way interleaved. Because the IBM 2365 model 5 is internally two-way interleaved, sequential 128-bit memory operations issued by the
IBM_2365_Processor_Storage
Concept that some difficulty can assist learning
cramming and increase the amount of information that is committed to long-term memory. Spacing has also been found to increase long-term memorization of English
Desirable_difficulty
Framebuffer data organization
are interleaved when using packed pixel organization. Packed pixel displays were common on early microcomputer system that shared a single main memory for
Packed_pixel
resulting in the loss of an entire revolution. To prevent this sectors were interleaved to slow the effective data rate preventing missed sectors. This is no
Hard disk drive performance characteristics
Hard_disk_drive_performance_characteristics
Multithreading computing anomaly
interleave. Below is a sequence of events that illustrates the ABA problem: Process P 1 {\displaystyle P_{1}} reads value A from some shared memory location
ABA_problem
File format
interleaved bit planes, which gives the format its name; this reflects the way the Amiga graphics hardware natively reads graphics data from memory.
ILBM
Approaches applied to learning
Blocking is studying one topic at a time. Interleaving is another technique used to enhance learning and memory; it involves practicing and learning multiple
Study_skills
SVGA graphics controller chips
featured an interleaved 32-bit memory bus (with 2 MB+ of memory) to improve memory throughput. It supports a maximum of 4 MB of video memory, though most
Tseng_Labs_ET4000
Form of computer memory management
computer programming, tracing garbage collection is a form of automatic memory management that consists of determining which objects should be deallocated
Tracing_garbage_collection
Optional memory for larger IBM System/360 models
or model 75 processor, the IBM 2361s can be interleaved to improve sequential access time. With interleaving, the first 64-bit word is contained in the
IBM 2361 Large Capacity Storage
IBM_2361_Large_Capacity_Storage
Search tree data structure
"pack" the trie by storing disjoint sets of children in the same memory location, interleaved. Patricia trees are a particular implementation of the compressed
Trie
Family of RISC-based computer architectures
branch instructions instead of using exceptions. It also supports safe interleaved interrupt handling from either world regardless of the current security
ARM_architecture_family
American computer scientist
Micro 6(5): 6-17 (1986) Ram Raghavan, John P. Hayes: On randomly interleaved memories. ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference 1990: 49-58 Avaneendra Gupta
John_P._Hayes
Ansaloni, Giovanni; Pozzi, Laura; Atienza, David (2019). "i-DPs CGRA: An Interleaved-Datapaths Reconfigurable Accelerator for Embedded Bio-Signal Processing"
Coarse-grained reconfigurable array
Coarse-grained_reconfigurable_array
Computer storage unit
one to sixteen IBM 7302s (typically six); either individually or in interleaved groups of two or four. The IBM 7090 also used one IBM 7302. The IBM 7094
IBM_7302
Series of GPUs by Nvidia
memory lanes, at 196 GB/s. The last 1/8 of its memory (0.5 GB on a 4 GB card) is accessed on a non-interleaved solitary 32-bit connection at 28 GB/s, one
GeForce_900_series
IBM PC graphic adapter and display standard
native graphics modes are planar, as opposed to the interleaved CGA and Hercules modes. Video memory is divided into four "planes" (except 640 × 350 × 2
Enhanced_Graphics_Adapter
AI's tendency to abruptly and drastically forget old info after learning new info
pseudo-patterns are approximations of previous inputs and they can be interleaved with the learning of new inputs. Inspired by Robins (1995) and independently
Catastrophic_interference
Volume rendering technique
representation using 3D Gaussians to model radiance fields, along with an interleaved optimization and density control of the Gaussians. A fast visibility-aware
Gaussian_splatting
8-bit central processing unit
original C64, this timing trick was used to allow the VIC-II to interleave its access to main memory with that of the 6510. The 8502 is mostly a conversion of
MOS_Technology_8502
Computing term
Besides BMP, other file formats that store literal bitmaps include InterLeaved Bitmap (ILBM), Portable Bitmap (PBM), X Bitmap (XBM), and Wireless Application
Bitmap
Concept in computer programming
expression may be interleaved). C++17 restricted several aspects of evaluation order. The new expression will always perform the memory allocation before
Sequence_point
which assigned consecutive blocks of memory to non-consecutive rows on the screen in graphic modes, i.e. interleaving.[citation needed] Apple's text and
Apple_II_graphics
Series of Graphics Cards
fogging enabled, textured triangles). 180 million pixel/sec with scanline interleaved configuration. Bi-linear and tri-linear texture filtering. Level of Detail
Voodoo2
American technology company
LPU features a functionally sliced microarchitecture, where memory units are interleaved with vector and matrix computation units. This design facilitates
Groq
Type of machine learning model
an LLM's output less reliable. A software harness can provide LLMs with memory and access to tools such as web search. Benchmark evaluations for LLMs attempt
Large_language_model
Ability of a CPU to provide multiple threads of execution concurrently
a barrel represent the pipeline stages and their executing threads. Interleaved, preemptive, fine-grained or time-sliced multithreading are more modern
Multithreading (computer architecture)
Multithreading_(computer_architecture)
First IBM supercomputer using dedicated transistors
desired research. Instruction pipelining, prefetch and decoding, and memory interleaving were used in later supercomputer designs such as the IBM System/360
IBM_7030_Stretch
Processor microarchitecture
that installing interleaved RAM will offer double the bandwidth. However, at most the increase in bandwidth by installing interleaved RAM is roughly 5–10%
Intel Core (microarchitecture)
Intel_Core_(microarchitecture)
Family of 1960s mainframe computers
computing capabilities of the CDC 6000 series computers. The unit contains interleaved core banks, each one ECS word (488 bits) wide and an 488 bit buffer for
CDC_6000_series
American musician
Sevendust in the spring of 2008 and recorded their eighth album Cold Day Memory, released in 2010. "I didn't want to come back and have people say, 'Oh
Clint_Lowery
Concurrency debugger
that deterministically controlled the interleaving of workloads across processor cores, focusing on shared memory interactions. Using this deterministic
Jinx_Debugger
1985 personal computer
operating system's bugs such as memory overflow and screen flickering of single lines as a result of their being interleaved when displayed in high resolution
Amiga_1000
Discontinued mainframe computer system
and 168 were withdrawn on September 15, 1980. Main memory, which was four-way doubleword interleaved, could be 1 to 8 megabytes, with offerings selectable
IBM_System/370_Model_168
Series of computer workstations and servers
4 MB, 8 MB, 16 MB or 32 MB. These were eight-way interleaved, providing a 256-bit-wide bus to memory. The Sandpiper had two such eight-SIMM banks, for
DEC_3000_AXP
Defunct American supercomputer company
Smith. The company's first supercomputer product, named MTA, featured interleaved multi-threading, i.e. a barrel processor. It also had no data cache,
Tera_Computer_Company
Solid state storage device
separate ECC scheme is used for protecting data in the flash array. Memory interleaving of standard RAM is not affected by the presence of ULLtraDIMMs. UEFI/BIOS
ULLtraDIMM
Executive function
task by requiring subjects to complete a set of simple, yet engaging interleaving operations that must be performed in an alternating or repeating sequence
Task_switching_(psychology)
System of vehicle propulsion
and interleaved suspensions with two or three road wheels per axle, distributing the load over the track. The choice of overlapping/interleaved road
Continuous_track
Direct memory access controller
cycle and number of ICs used: Single - One DMA cycle, one CPU cycle interleaved until address counter reaches zero. Block - Transfer progresses until
Intel_8237
Electronic component
and n {\displaystyle n} is the number of interleaved plates. As shown to the figure on the right, the interleaved plates can be seen as parallel plates connected
Capacitor
Algorithm used in relational databases
algorithm is to first sort the relations by the join attribute, so that interleaved linear scans will encounter these sets at the same time. The essential
Sort-merge_join
Type of random-access memory
termination Adaptive impedance matching Eight bank memory architecture Up to four bank-interleaved transactions at full bandwidth Point-to-point data
XDR_DRAM
Processor interconnect bus
according to the number of cores, memory controllers, or the sub-NUMA clustering mode. The address space is interleaved across different CHAs, which act
Intel_Ultra_Path_Interconnect
Discontinued family of computer operating systems
to single-tasking on 8-bit processors and no more than 64 kilobytes of memory, later versions of CP/M added multi-user variations and were migrated to
CP/M
American cognitive psychologist (born 1939)
of California, Los Angeles. His research focuses on human learning and memory and on the implications of the science of learning for instruction and training
Robert_A._Bjork
Memory used to store the framebuffer in graphics cards
high-performance memory technologies emerged, dual-ported VRAM was gradually phased out. Today, the term "VRAM" can refer to modern types of video memory as well
Dual-ported_video_RAM
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INTERLEAVED MEMORY
INTERLEAVED MEMORY
INTERLEAVED MEMORY
INTERLEAVED MEMORY
INTERLEAVED MEMORY
INTERLEAVED MEMORY
INTERLEAVED MEMORY
INTERLEAVED MEMORY
INTERLEAVED MEMORY
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