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Aspect of US National Security Agency
responsibility for all US government encryption systems when it was formed in 1952. The technical details of most NSA-approved systems are still classified, but
NSA_encryption_systems
NSA certification system
NSA encryption systems, for a historically oriented list of NSA encryption products (most of them Type 1). NSA cryptography for algorithms that NSA has
NSA_product_types
Cryptography practises of the USA's National Security Agency
majority of the National Security Agency's work on encryption is classified, but from time to time NSA participates in standards processes or otherwise
NSA_cryptography
U.S. signals intelligence organization
Dedicated Data Encryption/Decryption STU-III secure telephone unit, phased out by the STE The NSA oversees encryption in the following systems that are in
National_Security_Agency
Early unclassified symmetric-key block cipher
Standard (FIPS) for the United States in 1977. The publication of an NSA-approved encryption standard led to its quick international adoption and widespread
Data_Encryption_Standard
Program of US National Security Agency
key material for all NSA encryption systems whose keys are loaded using standard fill devices, and directs the distribution of NSA produced key material
Electronic Key Management System
Electronic_Key_Management_System
Attempts to limit access to strong cryptography
As part of Bullrun, NSA has also been actively working to "insert vulnerabilities into commercial encryption systems, IT systems, networks, and endpoint
Crypto_Wars
Standard for the encryption of electronic data
in an NSA approved cryptographic module. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is defined in these standards: FIPS PUB 197: Advanced Encryption Standard
Advanced_Encryption_Standard
Family of wideband secure voice systems
S. actions. NSA encryption systems A History of U.S. Communications Security; the David G. Boak Lectures, National Security Agency (NSA), Volumes I,
NESTOR_(encryption)
Module used to load cryptographic keys into encryption machines
Soviet Union's Fialka used punched cards for this purpose. Later NSA encryption systems incorporated a serial port fill connector and developed several
Fill_device
Classified U.S. cryptographic algorithms
Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite NSA Suite B Cryptography "POET ACM: Programmable Objective Encryption Technologies Advanced Cryptographic Module
NSA_Suite_A_Cryptography
US standard for secure communications
Security Agency and is intended to solve problems with earlier NSA encryption systems for voice, including STU-III and Secure Terminal Equipment (STE)
Secure Communications Interoperability Protocol
Secure_Communications_Interoperability_Protocol
historical codes and ciphers Encryption by date Japanese cryptology from the 1500s to Meiji List of cryptographers NSA encryption systems Steganography Timeline
History_of_cryptography
Encrypted voice communication
SCIP Secure telephone Secure Terminal Equipment VINSON VoIP VPN NSA encryption systems ZRTP Fishbowl (secure phone) Owens, F. J. (1993). Signal Processing
Secure_voice
message authentication code, or HMAC. Benign key - (NSA) a key that has been protected by encryption or other means so that it can be distributed without
Glossary of cryptographic keys
Glossary_of_cryptographic_keys
Espionage using electromagnetic leakage
currents and therefore radiated far less. It was incorporated in newer NSA encryption systems. However, many users needed the higher signal levels to drive teleprinters
Tempest_(codename)
Secure network protocol suite
From 1986 to 1991, the NSA sponsored the development of security protocols for the Internet under its Secure Data Network Systems (SDNS) program. This brought
IPsec
Process of encrypting message one or more times
cascade encryption, cascade ciphering, cipher stacking, multiple encryption, and superencipherment. Superencryption refers to the outer-level encryption of
Multiple_encryption
Voice encryption, transformation, and synthesis device
vocoder systems use lower data rates, but below 5 kbit/s voice quality begins to drop rapidly.[citation needed] Several vocoder systems are used in NSA encryption
Vocoder
Secure communications method
End-to-end encryption (E2EE) is a method of implementing a secure communication system where only the sender and intended recipient can read the messages
End-to-end_encryption
Encryption device promoted by the NSA in the 1990s
developed and promoted by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) as an encryption device that secured "voice and data messages" with a built-in backdoor
Clipper_chip
Code name of a decryption program run by the NSA
classified program to crack encryption of online communications and data, which is run by the United States National Security Agency (NSA). The British Government
Bullrun_(decryption_program)
Disclosures of NSA and related global espionage
(COMINT) The NSA considers the NIS to be one of its most reliable partners. Both agencies also cooperate to crack the encryption systems of mutual targets
Snowden_disclosures
Discipline of telecommunications
security Information warfare List of telecommunications encryption terms NSA encryption systems NSA product types Operations security Secure communication
Communications_security
Encryption device
The KG-84A and KG-84C are encryption devices developed by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) to ensure secure transmission of digital data. The KG-84C
KG-84
Number of bits in a key used by a cryptographic algorithm
attacker. Encryption systems are often grouped into families. Common families include symmetric systems (e.g. AES) and asymmetric systems (e.g. RSA and
Key_size
Approach to public-key cryptography
elliptic curves, suggesting a return to encryption based on non-elliptic-curve groups. Additionally, in August 2015, the NSA announced that it planned to replace
Elliptic-curve_cryptography
Process of converting plaintext to ciphertext
of encryption as well. The National Security Agency (NSA) is currently preparing post-quantum encryption standards for the future. Quantum encryption promises
Encryption
Mass surveillance program run by the NSA
Prism collects this data prior to encryption." Also according to The Guardian's Glenn Greenwald even low-level NSA analysts are allowed to search and
PRISM
Program automating data flow between software
National Security Agency (NSA), which is also the source of a part of its present name – NiFi. It was open-sourced as a part of NSA's technology transfer program
Apache_NiFi
American computer security company
Snowden leaks, revealed that the NSA worked to "Insert vulnerabilities into commercial encryption systems, IT systems, networks, and endpoint communications
RSA_Security
Surveillance strategy
of developments in quantum computing which would allow current strong encryption algorithms to be broken at some time in the future, making it possible
Harvest_now,_decrypt_later
Public cryptographic algorithms
NSA Suite B Cryptography was a set of cryptographic algorithms promulgated by the National Security Agency as part of its Cryptographic Modernization
NSA_Suite_B_Cryptography
Public-key cryptosystem
In cryptography, the ElGamal encryption system is a public-key encryption algorithm based on the Diffie–Hellman key exchange. It was described by Taher
ElGamal_encryption
Cryptography secured against quantum computers
Bernstein, Daniel J. (2024-01-02). "Double encryption: Analyzing the NSA/GCHQ arguments against hybrids. #nsa #quantification #risks #complexity #costs"
Post-quantum_cryptography
Algorithm for public-key cryptography
Clifford Cocks. That system was declassified in 1997. RSA is used in digital signature such as RSASSA-PSS or RSA-FDH, public-key encryption of very short messages
RSA_cryptosystem
Secure voice terminal
functional pinouts, as the VINSON for the wideband operational modes. NSA encryption systems FNBDT "NRL and the Advanced Narrowband Secure Voice Terminal (ANDVT)"
ANDVT
Term used by the United States National Security Agency (NSA)
Agency (NSA) to describe a known security vulnerability that it believes the United States (US) alone can exploit. As technology and encryption advance
NOBUS
Collective impact of Edward Snowden leaks
In 2013, Edward Snowden, a former NSA contractor, leaked NSA documents that revealed the agency was collecting data from the electronic communications
Snowden_effect
weaken commercial encryption systems and software in order to make them exploitable for SIGINT. The cryptosystems targeted include systems used by the US
Sentry_Eagle
American military radio system
radio manufactured by Harris Corporation. It holds an NSA certification for Type 1 encryption. The PRC-150 is the manpack HF radio for the Harris Falcon
AN/PRC-150
Variable containing a public key in Windows NT 4.0
1024-bit public key; public keys are used in public-key cryptography for encryption and digital signature verification (but not decryption or signing). Because
NSAKEY
US military handheld intra-squad tactical radio
digital data Waveforms: Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW) Encryption: NSA Type 1 algorithms (154A model), NSA Type 2 algorithms (154 model) GPS: Internal, optional
AN/PRC-154
Laws relating to encryption
[citation needed] Another instance of the NSA's involvement was the 1993 Clipper chip affair, an encryption microchip intended to be part of the Capstone
Cryptography_law
Linux distribution for anonymity and privacy
Das Erste reported that the US National Security Agency (NSA)'s XKeyscore surveillance system sets threat definitions for people who search for Tails using
Tails_(operating_system)
Open source software organization
On 18 November 2014, Open Whisper Systems announced a partnership with WhatsApp to provide end-to-end encryption by incorporating the Signal Protocol
Open_Whisper_Systems
Encryption method
Authenticated encryption (AE) is any encryption scheme which simultaneously assures the data confidentiality (also known as privacy: the encrypted message
Authenticated_encryption
Encryption technique
The one-time pad (OTP) is an encryption technique that cannot be cracked in cryptography. It requires the use of a single-use pre-shared key that is larger
One-time_pad
Defunct Swiss cryptography company
machines to the NSA and they had an ongoing discussion concerning which countries they would or would not sell the encryption systems to, and which countries
Crypto_AG
Method of exchanging cryptographic keys
(NSA). The Logjam authors speculate that precomputation against widely reused 1024-bit DH primes is behind claims in leaked NSA documents that NSA is
Diffie–Hellman_key_exchange
Cryptographic protocols for securing data in transit
authenticated encryption ciphers, used mainly for Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) and CCM mode of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption. TLS Extensions
Transport_Layer_Security
EEPROM chip
The KSD-64[A] Crypto Ignition Key (CIK) is an NSA-developed EEPROM chip packed in a plastic case that looks like a toy key. The model number is due to
KSD-64
Cyber attack group
The report also claims the NSA had used two cover companies, "Jackson Smith Consultants" and "Mueller Diversified Systems", to purchase US-based IP addresses
Equation_Group
Encryption device
L3Harris products).[citation needed] ARPANET encryption devices NSA encryption systems L-3 Communication Encryption Products ViaSat Information Assurance web
High Assurance Internet Protocol Encryptor
High_Assurance_Internet_Protocol_Encryptor
Law enforcement process that hides details of investigation
construction when creating criminal cases against Americans that are based on NSA warrantless surveillance. The use of illegally obtained evidence is generally
Parallel_construction
Vehicle in the American presidential motorcade
encrypted using a National Security Agency (NSA) Commercial COMSEC Endorsement Program (CCEP) Type I encryption algorithm. Hill, Laura (2003). "White House
WHCA_Roadrunner
Careful segregation of signals in cryptographic systems
some sort of guard, firewall or data-diode between the two. In NSA jargon, encryption devices are often called blackers, because they convert red signals
Red/black_concept
Whistleblower and NSA contractor (born 1983)
managed computer systems for the NSA. In 2013, he worked for two months at Booz Allen Hamilton, with the purpose of gathering more NSA documents. In May
Edward_Snowden
2015–2016 public relations and legal dispute
Security Agency (NSA) introduced the Clipper chip, an encryption device with an acknowledged backdoor for government access, that NSA proposed be used
Apple–FBI_encryption_dispute
Use of computer hardware to assist software in the process of data encryption
significant components of the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm, which can be used by the NSA for Top Secret information. The architecture
Hardware-based_encryption
Algorithm for encrypting and decrypting information
In cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an algorithm for performing encryption or decryption—a series of well-defined steps that can be followed as a
Cipher
Cryptographic hardware
Encryption (In)Security | IT-Sicherheitsinfrastrukturen (Informatik 1)". .cs.fau.de. Retrieved 2013-08-06. Zetter, Kim (2015-02-22). "How the NSA's Firmware
Hardware-based full disk encryption
Hardware-based_full_disk_encryption
Protocol to run DNS queries over HTTPS
standard for encrypting DNS queries, differing only in the methods used for encryption and delivery. Based on privacy and security, whether either protocol is
DNS_over_HTTPS
HTTP extension supporting TLS encryption
(HTTPS) is an extension of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). It uses encryption for secure communication over a computer network, and is widely used on
HTTPS
Military handheld software-defined radio
SCA and NSA certification. AN/PRC-6809 MBITR Clear is a variant of the MBITR without encryption. While the PRC-148 includes NSA Type 1 encryption in all
AN/PRC-148
Controversial pseudorandom number generator
nobody would use Dual_EC_DRBG. The backdoor would allow NSA to decrypt for example SSL/TLS encryption which used Dual_EC_DRBG as a CSPRNG. Members of the
Dual_EC_DRBG
US military multiband handheld radio
the Harris RF-310M-HH, an export version of the PRC-152 without NSA Type 1 encryption. Frequency Range: 30 to 511.99 MHz Presets: 99 Transmission Modes:
AN/PRC-152
Information security system
Plus card and its successors are used with NSA's Secure Terminal Equipment voice and data encryption systems that are replacing the STU-III. It is manufactured
Fortezza
Concept in information security
software whose purpose is to protect systems and resources. Examples of technical controls include disk encryption, file integrity software, authentication
Defense_in_depth_(computing)
American lawyer
to be bruteforced. Baker had long supported legislation requiring encryption systems to include a means to allow access by law enforcement with a proper
James A. Baker (government attorney)
James_A._Baker_(government_attorney)
the encryption process. 1981 – Richard Feynman proposed quantum computers. The main application he had in mind was the simulation of quantum systems, but
Timeline_of_cryptography
US military wideband HF/VHF tactical radio
WebUI for network monitoring and management Encryption: NSA Type 1 (Top Secret and below), AES, Citadel (NSA-approved exportable COMSEC) Electronics portal
AN/PRC-160
Type of functions designed for being unsolvable by root-finding algorithms
September 2013. Schneier, Bruce (15 November 2007). "Did NSA Put a Secret Backdoor in New Encryption Standard?". Wired. Archived from the original on 2012-10-24
Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator
Cryptographically_secure_pseudorandom_number_generator
implementation of Damgard-Jurik encryption and Paillier encryption. Rust implementation of Damgard-Jurik encryption and Paillier encryption. Ivan Damgård, Mads Jurik:
Damgård–Jurik_cryptosystem
Cryptographic protocol
Off-the-Record Messaging (OTR) is a cryptographic protocol that provides encryption for instant messaging conversations. OTR uses a combination of AES symmetric-key
Off-the-Record Messaging protocol
Off-the-Record_Messaging_protocol
Mass surveillance system
(XKEYSCORE or XKS) is a classified computer system used by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) for searching and analyzing global Internet
XKeyscore
Mobile phone architecture
use two layers of encryption protocols, IPsec and Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP), and employ NSA's Suite B encryption and authentication
Fishbowl_(secure_phone)
Rotor encryption machine
KL-51, an off-line, paper tape encryption system that used digital electronics instead of rotors. NSA encryption systems Typex Enigma ^ Britannica (2005)
KL-7
US military dual-channel handheld radio
networks. It has received NSA certification for the transmission of Top Secret information with an appropriate encryption key. The PRC-163 is one of
AN/PRC-163
Unit of the U.S. National Security Agency
computer systems being used by entities foreign to the United States. TAO is reportedly "the largest and arguably the most important component of the NSA's huge
Tailored_Access_Operations
Projected date when quantum computers could break modern encryption
computer, would do both in polynomial time and leave those systems wide open. Symmetric encryption like AES-256 is a more resilient. Grover's algorithm does
Quantum_Threat
Form of message tampering
able to perform. Evil maid attack – attack used against full disk encryption systems Interlock protocol – a specific protocol to circumvent a MITM attack
Man-in-the-middle_attack
automated system which enables the United States National Security Agency (NSA) automated management and control of a large surveillance network. The NSA has
TURBINE (US government project)
TURBINE_(US_government_project)
an encryption system used by the U.S. Government and, later, by NATO countries. It was developed in the 1950s by the National Security Agency (NSA) to
KW-26
Transfer from the United States to another country of technology related to cryptography
formally added in the USML for non-encryption use of cryptography (and satellite TV descramblers) and a deal between NSA and the Software Publishers Association
Export of cryptography from the United States
Export_of_cryptography_from_the_United_States
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
signature, ElGamal encryption, and Pretty Good Privacy (PGP). More complex cryptosystems include electronic cash systems, signcryption systems, etc. Some more
Cryptography
Cryptanalytic method for unauthorized users to access data
correctly. This strategy can theoretically be used to break any form of encryption that is not information-theoretically secure. However, in a properly designed
Brute-force_attack
Term applied to cryptographic systems that are highly resistant to cryptanalysis
dealing with export control of encryption, considered as of 1999[update] any implementation of the symmetric encryption algorithm with the key length above
Strong_cryptography
Mass surveillance across national borders
intelligence (COMINT) The NSA perceives the NIS as one of its most reliable partners. Both agencies also cooperate to crack the encryption systems of mutual targets
Global_surveillance
Protection of computer systems from information disclosure, theft or damage
massive scale of NSA global surveillance. There were also indications that the NSA may have inserted a backdoor in a NIST standard for encryption. This standard
Computer_security
Privacy-focused encrypted messaging app
SMS/MMS and problems with the key exchange. Open Whisper Systems' abandonment of SMS/MMS encryption prompted some users to create a fork named Silence (initially
Signal_(software)
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
published in 2007. The GCM algorithm belongs to the class of authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) methods. Given a key K {\displaystyle K}
Galois/Counter_Mode
Cryptographic software library
cross-platform software library that provides implementations of fully homomorphic encryption schemes. OpenFHE is a successor of PALISADE and incorporates selected
OpenFHE
Museum in Maryland, U.S.
Agency (NSA). The first public museum in the U.S. Intelligence Community, NCM is located in the former Colony Seven Motel, just two blocks from the NSA headquarters
National_Cryptologic_Museum
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
of operation for cryptographic block ciphers. It is an authenticated encryption algorithm designed to provide both authentication and confidentiality
CCM_mode
Computer security research and development company
security research for organizations such as NSA, DARPA, ARL, AFRL, SPAWAR, and others. TIS was founded in 1983 by NSA veteran Steve Walker, and at various times
Trusted_Information_Systems
Algorithm
algorithms for cryptography that use the same cryptographic keys for both the encryption of plaintext and the decryption of ciphertext. The keys may be identical
Symmetric-key_algorithm
Free and open-source disk encryption utility
on all operating systems since version 1.17 (except for system encryption on Windows). VeraCrypt added the capability to boot system partitions using
VeraCrypt
Elliptic curve used in Internet cryptography
that the NSA had chosen values that gave them an advantage in breaking the encryption. "I no longer trust the constants. I believe the NSA has manipulated
Curve25519
one or more specific algorithms, such as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). A former NSA official called the MRF's breakthrough "enormous", giving
Multiprogram Research Facility
Multiprogram_Research_Facility
NSA ENCRYPTION-SYSTEMS
NSA ENCRYPTION-SYSTEMS
Male
Finnish
Finnish form of Greek Esaias, ESA means "God is salvation."
Female
Spanish
Feminine form of Spanish Fernándo, FERNÃNDA means "ardent for peace."
Female
Gaelic
Irish Gaelic form of Spanish Theresa, TOIRÉASA means "harvester."
Female
Welsh
Welsh form of Irish Gaelic Niamh, NIA means "beauty, brightness." Compare with another form of Nia.
Female
Hebrew
(× Ö´×¡Ö¸×”): Hebrew name NISA means "to test." Also spelled Nissa.
Male
English
 Short form of English Isaac, ISA means "he will laugh." Compare with another form of Isa.
Female
Portuguese
Feminine form of Portuguese HermÃnio, HERMÃNIA means "army man."
Female
Irish
Irish form of Spanish Theresa, TOIRÉASA means "harvester."
Male
Icelandic
Icelandic form of Greek Ionas, JÓNAS means "dove."
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Noah, NOA means "motion."Â
Female
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Russian Roza, RÓZSA means "rose."
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Father of Isa
Female
Portuguese
Feminine form of Galician-Portuguese Antón, possibly ANTÓNIA means "invaluable."Â
Female
Irish
Contracted form of Irish Gaelic Toiréasa, TRÉASA means "harvester."
Male
Irish
Variant spelling of Irish Gaelic Éanna, ÉNNA means "bird-like."
Female
Finnish
Finnish name derived from the word ansio, ANSA means "virtue."
Girl/Female
English American
Derived from abbreviation of names with '-nia' ending.
Female
Hungarian
Variant spelling of Hungarian Zsazsa, ZSA ZSA means "lily."Â
Female
Hungarian
Pet form of Hungarian Jolán, JOLÃNKA means "violet flower."
Female
Swedish
Swedish form of Icelandic Ãsa, Ã…SA means "god."
NSA ENCRYPTION-SYSTEMS
NSA ENCRYPTION-SYSTEMS
Boy/Male
Australian, German, Norse
Ancestors
Girl/Female
Indian, Modern
Beautiful
Girl/Female
Australian, Hebrew
Oath
Girl/Female
Arabic
Jasmine Flower
Surname or Lastname
English (Cornwall)
English (Cornwall) : from a Cornish variant of the personal name Pascal.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Muslim
Beautiful
Boy/Male
American, British, English
King's Meadow; King is One of Several Titles Occasionally Used as Given Names
Biblical
in the tongue
Female
Egyptian
, hidden.
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Brave Ruler
NSA ENCRYPTION-SYSTEMS
NSA ENCRYPTION-SYSTEMS
NSA ENCRYPTION-SYSTEMS
NSA ENCRYPTION-SYSTEMS
NSA ENCRYPTION-SYSTEMS
n.
One of the two great systems of religious belief in Japan. Its essence is ancestor worship, and sacrifice to dead heroes.
n.
A common metallic element of the alkali group, in nature always occuring combined, as in common salt, in albite, etc. It is isolated as a soft, waxy, white, unstable metal, so readily oxidized that it combines violently with water, and to be preserved must be kept under petroleum or some similar liquid. Sodium is used combined in many salts, in the free state as a reducer, and as a means of obtaining other metals (as magnesium and aluminium) is an important commercial product. Symbol Na (Natrium). Atomic weight 23. Specific gravity 0.97.
pl.
of Calcaneum
n.
The act of bringing to notice, either actually or constructively, in such manner as is prescribed by law; as, the service of a subp/na or an attachment.
v. t.
To make legal service opon (a person named in a writ, summons, etc.); as, to serve a witness with a subp/na.
v. i.
To utter a deep guttural sound, sa an angry dog; to give forth an angry, grumbling sound.
n.
A kind of gallows; an upright post with an arm projecting from the top, on which, formerly, malefactors were hanged in chains, and their bodies allowed to remain asa warning.
pl.
of Ansa
a.
Having relation to growth or nutrition; partaking of simple growth and enlargement of the systems of nutrition, apart from the sensorial or distinctively animal functions; vegetal.
n.
An abbreviation standing for the name of an element and consisting of the initial letter of the Latin or New Latin name, or sometimes of the initial letter with a following one; as, C for carbon, Na for sodium (Natrium), Fe for iron (Ferrum), Sn for tin (Stannum), Sb for antimony (Stibium), etc. See the list of names and symbols under Element.
a.
Not having any of the distinct systems or types of structure, as the radiate, articulate, etc., characteristic of organic nature; as, all unicellular organisms are systemless.
n.
An ancient name of a gum.
n.
See 2d Hanse.
v. t.
To resemble (another species of animal, or a plant, or inanimate object) in form, color, ornamentation, or instinctive habits, so as to derive an advantage thereby; sa, when a harmless snake imitates a venomous one in color and manner, or when an odorless insect imitates, in color, one having secretion offensive to birds.
a. & adv.
No, not. See No.
n.
A name given to either of the projecting ends of Saturn's ring.
n.
A disease; black jaundice. See Mel/na.