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Adjective
Look up obligate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. As an adjective, obligate means "by necessity" (antonym facultative) and is used mainly in biology
Obligate
Special case of mutualism
Obligate mutualism is a special case of mutualism where an ecological interaction between species mutually benefits each other, and one or all species
Obligate_mutualism
Type of organism
An obligate parasite or holoparasite is a parasitic organism that cannot complete its life-cycle without exploiting a suitable host. If an obligate parasite
Obligate_parasite
Organism that requires oxygen to grow
An obligate aerobe is an organism that requires oxygen to grow. Through cellular respiration, these organisms use oxygen to metabolise substances, like
Obligate_aerobe
Microorganism killed by normal atmospheric levels of oxygen
Obligate anaerobes are microorganisms killed by normal atmospheric concentrations of oxygen (20.95% O2). Oxygen tolerance varies between species, with
Obligate_anaerobe
Organism that eats mostly or exclusively animal tissue
are meat eaters; a few, such as the large and small cats (Felidae) are obligate carnivores whose diet requires nutrients found only in animal flesh. Other
Carnivore
Ecological interaction between taxa
Symbiosis is diverse and can be classified in multiple ways. It can be obligate, meaning that one or both of the organisms depend on each other for survival
Symbiosis
Predatory cartilaginous fishes
without rest. These species are obligate ram ventilators and would presumably asphyxiate if unable to move. Obligate ram ventilation is also true of some
Shark
Instinct to breathe through the nose rather than the mouth
Obligate nasal breathing describes a physiological instinct to breathe through the nose (or other forms of external nasal passages, depending on the species)
Obligate_nasal_breathing
An obligate carrier is an individual who must carry a particular gene variant based on analysis of family history but who is clinically unaffected. The
Obligate_carrier
Asexual reproduction without fertilization
lost the sexual phase and are now completely asexual. Many other cases of obligate parthenogenesis (or gynogenesis) are found among polyploids and hybrids
Parthenogenesis
Type of interaction between species
interactions with their hosts and on their life cycles, which can be complex. An obligate parasite depends completely on the host to complete its life cycle, while
Parasitism
Organism that thrives in an oxygenated environment
in the ocean"), and could be the longest-living life forms ever found. Obligate aerobes need oxygen to grow. In a process known as cellular respiration
Aerobic_organism
Culture medium used in microbiology
differentiation of obligate aerobes, obligate anaerobes, facultative anaerobes, microaerophiles, and aerotolerant organisms. For example, obligately anaerobic
Thioglycolate_broth
Microparasite that grows within a host cell
Facultative and Obligate. Facultative intracellular parasites are capable of living and reproducing in or outside of host cells. Obligate intracellular
Intracellular_parasite
American singer and songwriter (1958–2009)
MJJ Productions Inc. and MJJ Ventures Inc. employees were not legally obligated to protect the two men from Jackson. In August 2023, California's Second
Michael_Jackson
Type of plant
Christmas tree) is an obligate root hemiparasite. Rhinanthus (e.g. Yellow rattle) is a facultative root hemiparasite. Mistletoe is an obligate stem hemiparasite
Parasitic_plant
Beings that can respire with and without oxygen
mutations to be either obligate aerobes or anaerobes, there were varying levels of chromatin-remodeling proteins. The obligate aerobes were later found
Facultative anaerobic organism
Facultative_anaerobic_organism
Reproduction without a sexual process
eggs for the next season. However, some aphid species are obligate parthenotes. In obligate parthenogenesis, females only reproduce asexually. One example
Asexual_reproduction
Organism not requiring oxygen for its growth
Anaerobes are commonly classified according to their relationship with oxygen. Obligate anaerobes are harmed by it. Aerotolerant organisms do not use oxygen but
Anaerobic_organism
Course of action someone must take
in return for an increase in an individual's rights or power. The term "obligate" can also be used in a biological context, in reference to species which
Obligation
Scientific name that also applies to a taxon
In biological taxonomy, a synonym is one of two or more scientific names that apply to the same taxon. The botanical and zoological codes of nomenclature
Synonym_(taxonomy)
Terrestrial locomotion using two limbs
"obligate", and focuses on the range of styles of locomotion normally used by various groups of animals. Normal humans may be considered "obligate" bipeds
Bipedalism
Small domesticated carnivorous mammal
mammals in the order Carnivora also colloquially referred to as cats. An obligate carnivore requiring a predominantly meat-based diet, it has retractable
Cat
Concept that nobility confers social responsibilities
Noblesse oblige (French: [nɔblɛs ɔbliʒ] ; lit. 'nobility obliges') is a French expression that means that nobility extends beyond mere entitlement, requiring
Noblesse_oblige
Microorganisms whose metabolism is not dependent on, and not poisoned by, oxygen
contrast, obligate anaerobes can be harmed by reactive oxygen molecules.[citation needed] There are three categories of anaerobes. Where obligate aerobes
Aerotolerant_anaerobe
Biological interaction
supplement their diet by opportunistically preying on invertebrates. Most obligate carnivores are specialized for hunting. They may have acute senses such
Predation
Bacteria that can enter and survive in host cells
intracellular bacteria, which can grow extracellularly or intracellularly, and obligate intracellular bacteria, which can grow only intracellularly. Examples of
Intracellular_bacteria
Microorganism requiring lower levels of oxygen than normally found in atmosphere
growth. A more restrictive interpretation requires the microorganism to be obligate in this requirement. Many microaerophiles are also capnophiles, requiring
Microaerophile
American singer-songwriter and TV personality (born 1982)
the box office, with Clarkson explaining that she was "contractually obligated" to do the film and didn't like it. In 2002, Clarkson, along with American
Kelly_Clarkson
Animal that feeds on coral
one-third of known corallivores are obligate corallivores, while the remaining two-thirds are facultative corallivores. Obligate corallivory is defined as having
Corallivore
Type of symbiosis
Vachellia trees (ant acacias) and ants that nest on them (acacia ants). Obligate acacia ants dwell in the gall-like domatia within the swollen stipular
Acacia-ant_symbiosis
Class of ethical theories
In moral philosophy, deontological ethics or deontology (from Ancient Greek δέον (déon) 'duty, obligation' and -λογία (-logía) 'study of') is the normative
Deontology
American basketball player and businessman (born 1963)
May 6, 2022. Associated Press (June 12, 2003). "Judge says Jordan not obligated to pay ex-lover". USA Today. Retrieved January 16, 2007. Associated Press
Michael_Jordan
Mutually beneficial interaction between species
it is sometimes used to refer to mutualistic interactions that are not obligate. Symbiosis involves two species living in close physical contact over a
Mutualism_(biology)
Classification of United States plant species by frequency of occurrence in wetlands
While many Obligate Wetland (OBL) species do occur in permanently or semi-permanently flooded wetlands, there are also a number of obligates that occur
Wetland_indicator_status
Regulation of enzyme activity
interactions. Some allosteric activators are referred to as "essential", or "obligate" activators, in the sense that in their absence, the activity of their
Allosteric_regulation
Type of stable macromolecular complex
half-life. Typically, the obligate interactions (protein–protein interactions in an obligate complex) are permanent, whereas non-obligate interactions have been
Protein_complex
Genus of bacteria
Lactobacillus is a genus of gram-positive bacteria within the Lactobacillaceae family. Members of the genus are aerotolerant anaerobes or microaerophilic
Lactobacillus
Killing of an infant individual by its siblings
sometimes its parents. Siblicidal behavior can be either obligate or facultative. In obligate siblicide, a sibling almost always ends up being killed.
Siblicide
1950–1953 conflict on the Korean Peninsula
Acheson discussed a US response to the invasion and agreed the US was obligated to act, comparing the North Korean invasion with Adolf Hitler's aggressions
Korean_War
Evolutionary reproductive strategy of mammals
stressors, such as drastic changes in temperature, feeding, or lactation. Obligate diapause occurs regularly in the reproductive cycle of the affected species
Embryonic_diapause
Respiration using electron acceptors other than oxygen
Electron acceptor Products Eo′ (V) Example organisms Aerobic respiration Obligate aerobes and facultative anaerobes O2 H2O +0.82 Aerobic organisms such as
Anaerobic_respiration
Type of bird
woodcreepers. Ant followers may be obligate, meaning that they derive most of their diet by following ant swarms, or non-obligate, meaning they derive only some
Ant_follower
1986 nuclear accident in the Soviet Union
created the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management, which obligated nations to establish proper policies for the management of nuclear power
Chernobyl_disaster
Fish that remove parasites and dead tissue from other species
animals, such as cleaner shrimps. There are two types of cleaner fish, obligate full time cleaners and facultative part time cleaners where different strategies
Cleaner_fish
German Nazi politician and military leader (1893–1946)
the police showed that the young bride was a prostitute. Göring felt obligated to tell Hitler, but also saw this event as an opportunity to dispose of
Hermann_Göring
Genus of jellyfish
parasitism varies between populations, but Hyperia galba has been defined as obligate parasites that alternate between endoparasitic and ectoparasitic during
Desmonema_(cnidarian)
Country in East Africa
statutory financial reports that listed companies in Tanzania are legally obligated to release – are simply not true. Bank lending to companies as far as
Tanzania
Order of bacteria
produced in equimolar quantities from the catabolism of one mole of glucose. Obligate heterofermentative LAB include Leuconostoc, Oenococcus, Weissella, and
Lactic_acid_bacteria
Class of parthenogenetic freshwater rotifers
reproduction in the bdelloid rotifers was wholly unknown. One theory of how obligate parthenogenesis arose in bdelloid rotifers was that parthenogenic lineages
Bdelloidea
Study of fire in ecosystems
adapted to ensure that their offspring survives into the next generation. "Obligate seeders" are plants with large, fire-activated seed banks that germinate
Fire_ecology
American multinational technology company
January 6, 2022. Ekene, Mfon Abel (August 6, 2024). "Google says it is obligated to disclose confidential information of users to U.S. government". TargetTrend
Family of mammals
Their teeth and facial muscles allow for a powerful bite. They are all obligate carnivores, and most are solitary predators ambushing or stalking their
Felidae
Species of single-celled organism
kkathattiyawitsanukamprasitnonopsis is a species of oomycete. It is an obligate plant parasite on Crepis pyrenaica, a member of the hawksbeard plant genus
Bremia_krungthepmahanakhonamonrattanakosinmahintharayuthayamahadilokphopnoppharatratchathaniburiromudomratchaniwetmahasathanamonpimanawatansathitsakkathattiyawitsanukamprasitnonopsis
Supranational political and economic union
members that are not part of the Schengen Area, one—Cyprus—is legally obligated to join the area in the future; Ireland maintains an opt-out, and instead
European_Union
2017 American film
Jim & Andy: The Great Beyond – Featuring a Very Special, Contractually Obligated Mention of Tony Clifton (or simply Jim & Andy: The Great Beyond) is a
Jim_&_Andy:_The_Great_Beyond
Physiological state of dormant inactivity in order to pass the winter season
Obligate hibernators are animals that spontaneously, and annually, enter hibernation regardless of ambient temperature and access to food. Obligate hibernators
Hibernation
Genus of bacteria
Thermobrachium is an obligate anaerobic, moderately alkaliphilic, thermophilic and proteolytic genus of bacteria from the family Clostridiaceae with one
Thermobrachium
Honorary title for retired professionals
has relinquished all the duties of their former position. They may be obligated or allowed to perform some tasks, though usually in a more limited capacity
Emeritus
State subordinate to another state
vassal state is any state that has varying degrees of influence, but is obligated to a superior state or empire. Vassal states were seen among the empires
Vassal_state
Italian Dominican friar and philosopher (1225–1274)
to others is to love. Accordingly, Thomas states that the love precept obligating loving God and neighbour are "the first general principles of the natural
Thomas_Aquinas
Manchu-led dynasty of China (1644–1912)
leniently. Hong Taiji incorporated Han into the Jurchen polity as citizens obligated to provide military service. By 1648, less than one-sixth of the bannermen
Qing_dynasty
Christian philosopher and theologian (354–430)
remain just. Therefore "an unjust law is no law at all". People are not obligated to obey laws that are unjust, those that their conscience and reason tell
Augustine_of_Hippo
Genus of moths
in the Sonoran Desert of North America. The moth is best known for its obligate mutualism with Pachycereus schottii, the senita cactus. The senita moth
Upiga
Species of fly
Sciomyzidae. It is found in the Palearctic Larvae of T. elata are known obligate feeders on slugs both as parasitoids and predators. Fauna Europaea Bei-Bienko
Tetanocera_elata
American singer (born 1946)
remains one of Ronstadt's most popular recordings. Still contractually obligated to Capitol Records, Ronstadt released her first solo album, Hand Sown
Linda_Ronstadt
Nitrogen-fixing organelle
Atelocyanobacterium thalassa, also referred to as UCYN-A, which exists exclusively as an obligate symbiont. Despite being found in measurable quantities throughout the world's
Nitroplast
Plants that live in association with ants
plants and ants. This association may be either facultative or obligate. In obligate mutualisms, the organisms involved are interdependent; they cannot
Myrmecophyte
Unrecognised state in Southern Africa (1965–1979)
sanctuaries. All white, male residents aged eighteen to twenty-three were obligated to fulfil four and a half months (later extended to nine months) of full-time
Rhodesia
Autonomous territory in the Middle East
"Israel's New Supreme Court Justice's Deleted Facebook Post: Israel Isn't Obligated to Provide Gaza With Electricity". Haaretz. 28 February 2018. Archived
Gaza_Strip
Subphylum of aquatic parasites
o + ζῷον zoon "animal") is a class of aquatic cnidarian animals – all obligate parasites. It contains the smallest animals ever known to have lived. Over
Myxozoa
Species of bacterium
Thiomicrospira sibirica is a species of obligately alkaliphilic and obligately chemolithoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. It was first isolated from
Thiomicrospira_sibirica
Military coalition in World War II
September 1939, just hours after Britain. Unlike Australia, which had felt obligated to declare war, as it also had not ratified the Statute of Westminster
Allies_of_World_War_II
Country in South America
Guyana incl. Dougla incl. Portuguese The president is constitutionally obligated to dissolve parliament after a successful no-confidence motion against
Guyana
British actress (born 1983)
Romanoff / Black Widow for Iron Man 2 (2010), but she was contractually obligated by 20th Century Fox to join the Jack Black-led comedy film Gulliver's
Emily_Blunt
Country in South America
Guayaquil, but failed to return Tumbes and Jaén, alleging that it was not obligated to follow the agreements, since the Gran Colombia ceased to exist when
Ecuador
Species of bird
The brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) is a small, obligate brood parasitic icterid native to temperate and subtropical North America. It is a permanent
Brown-headed_cowbird
Genus of Late Cretaceous theropod
dismissed notions that the forelimbs were useless or that Tyrannosaurus was an obligate scavenger. The idea that the arms served as weapons when hunting prey have
Tyrannosaurus
Election of Joe Biden
Jacksonville, Florida (official convention business was still contractually obligated to be conducted in Charlotte). Due to the worsening situation with regards
2020 United States presidential election
2020_United_States_presidential_election
American television series (1999–present)
partner." Wolf did make Winters Belzer's partner, but he was contractually obligated to his other show at the time, the HBO drama Oz. Since the role on Law
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
Law_&_Order:_Special_Victims_Unit
Founder of al-Qaeda (1957–2011)
1999, the UN designated al-Qaeda as a terrorist organization, officially obligating countries to freeze the assets of, and impose travel bans on, al-Qaeda
Osama_bin_Laden
Organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism
Symbionts are either obligate (require their host to survive) or facultative (can survive independently). The most common examples of obligate endosymbiosis
Endosymbiont
Amount of DNA contained in a genome
replaced by host processes. Other bacteria have become endosymbionts or obligate intracellular pathogens and experienced extensive genome reduction as a
Genome_size
Infection transmitted by ticks
bacteria of the family Anaplasmataceae, genera Ehrlichia and Anaplasma. These obligate intracellular bacteria infect and kill white blood cells. The average reported
Ehrlichiosis
Method of analyzing tonal music
music normally unfolds in one register, the "obligatory register" (Ger. Obligate Lage), but at times is displaced to higher or lower registers. These are
Schenkerian_analysis
American author (born 1947)
necessity and moral imperative that those who have received much should be obligated to pay ... in the same proportion". King testified in an August 2022 case
Stephen_King
Species of alga
Pyrophyllon subtumens is an obligate red algal epiphyte of Durvillaea southern bull-kelp, and is endemic to New Zealand. The species belongs to a monotypic
Pyrophyllon_subtumens
Chinese video-focused social media platform
to stop creating new content which they were not already contractually obligated to create. Creators who posted saying that they would not be changing
TikTok
1986 film by James Cameron
delayed for nine months because Arnold Schwarzenegger was contractually obligated to film Conan the Destroyer (1984). Cameron used the time to develop his
Aliens_(film)
Butterfly genus in family Lycaenidae
family Lycaenidae, commonly known as cycadians. All known species are obligate herbivores on cycads. Species of Eumaeus occur from central Mexico, Florida
Eumaeus_(butterfly)
Annual selection of best U.S. team
CFP selection committee's seeding, and voting AP sportswriters are not obligated to award their title to the winner of the CFP national championship game
College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS
College_football_national_championships_in_NCAA_Division_I_FBS
Philosophical study of morality
to be obligated to do something means that one is not permitted not to do it and to be permitted to do something means that one is not obligated not to
Ethics
President of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865
allow citizens to have slaves as property, and the federal government was obligated to defend encroachments upon this right. In his February 13–14, 1850 speech
Jefferson_Davis
Chronic disease caused by bacterial infection
characteristic of the genus Mycobacterium. M. leprae and M. lepromatosis are obligate intracellular pathogens and cannot grow or be cultured outside of host
Leprosy
Organism that eats mostly or exclusively fish tissue
Almost all predatory fish (most sharks, tuna, billfishes, pikes etc.) are obligated piscivores. Some non-piscine aquatic animals, such as whales, sea lions
Piscivore
Group of bees that feed on rotting meat
Roubik, David W. (September 1991). "Systematics and bionomics of the apoid obligate necrophages: the Trigona hypogea group (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Meliponinae)"
Vulture_bee
City in Missouri, United States
and 1960s. Prior to 1957, areas annexed by the City of Kansas City were obligated to join the KCMO school district. Briana O'Higgins of KCUR wrote that
Kansas_City,_Missouri
Legal obligation for any damage, enforceable by either civil law or criminal law
In law, liable means "responsible or answerable in law; legally obligated". Legal liability concerns both civil law and criminal law and can arise from
Legal_liability
Appointed member of the peerage of the United Kingdom whose title cannot be inherited
Peerages Act 1958 with the rank of baron. Such peerages entitle (or perhaps obligate) the holder to sit and vote in the House of Lords (so long as they meet
Life_peer
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance