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Nitrogen-fixing organelle
A nitroplast is an organelle responsible for nitrogen-fixing. It arose as a cyanobacteria species living within the eukaryotic alga Braarudosphaera bigelowii
Nitroplast
Dodecahedron shaped coccolithophore
endosymbiontic integration, it has obtained a nitrogen-fixing organelle called a nitroplast. The family Braarudosphaeraceae consists of single-celled coastal phytoplanktonic
Braarudosphaera_bigelowii
Evolutionary theory
endosymbiont. The cyanobacterium forms a nitrogen-fixing structure, dubbed the nitroplast. It divides evenly when the host cell undergoes mitosis, and many of its
Symbiogenesis
Matter with biological processes
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Life
Domain of microorganisms
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Bacteria
Kingdom of organisms
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Plant
Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Protist
Pathogenic type of misfolded protein
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Prion
Organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism
the marine alga Braarudosphaera bigelowii, eventually evolving into a nitroplast, which fixes nitrogen. Similarly, diatoms in the family Rhopalodiaceae
Endosymbiont
Ancestor of all current life on Earth
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Last universal common ancestor
Last_universal_common_ancestor
Biological kingdom
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Animal
Domain of life whose cells have nuclei
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Eukaryote
Biological process
Gerontoplast Leucoplast Apicoplast Kappa organism Organs Bacteriome Trophosome Nitroplast Abiogenesis Last universal common ancestor Earliest known life forms
Cell_division
Cancer capable of infecting other individuals
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Clonally_transmissible_cancer
Oldest cultured human cell line (1951)
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
HeLa
Biochemical process in marine environments
for the nitrogen it fixes. In unicellular cases (such as the UCYN-A "nitroplast"), this allows the symbiont to entirely forgo oxygenic photosynthesis
Marine_nitrogen_fixation
Organism belonging to kingdom Fungi
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Fungus
Life that has no cellular structure
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Non-cellular_life
Family of algae
bigelowii has a functional nitroplast; however, we are uncertain if other closely related species in this genus might have a nitroplast as well. Hagino, Kyoko;
Braarudosphaera
Process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA
Gerontoplast Leucoplast Apicoplast Kappa organism Organs Bacteriome Trophosome Nitroplast Abiogenesis Last universal common ancestor Earliest known life forms
Transcription_(biology)
Infectious agent that replicates in cells
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Virus
Pathogenic small single-stranded circular RNA
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Viroid
Type of RNA molecules
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Ribozyme
Plant cell organelles that perform photosynthesis and store starch
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Plastid
Genus of viruses
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Betasatellite
Conversion of dinitrogen into ammonia
UCYN-A2, can turn nitrogen gas into a biologically available form. This nitroplast was discovered in algae, particularly in the marine algae Braarudosphaera
Nitrogen_fixation
Lipid globule proposed as a precursor of living cells
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Protocell
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Earliest_known_life_forms
Phylogenetic group described in January 2024
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Obelisk_(biology)
Branch of virology
Gerontoplast Leucoplast Apicoplast Kappa organism Organs Bacteriome Trophosome Nitroplast Abiogenesis Last universal common ancestor Earliest known life forms
Synthetic_virology
Small DNA molecule within a cell
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Plasmid
Domain of organisms
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Archaea
Unclassified/poorly understood genetics
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Biological_dark_matter
Nonliving crystallizations of minerals and organic molecules
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Nanobacterium
Type of behavior of a dynamical system
Gerontoplast Leucoplast Apicoplast Kappa organism Organs Bacteriome Trophosome Nitroplast Abiogenesis Last universal common ancestor Earliest known life forms
Self-replication
Cellular process of protein synthesis
Gerontoplast Leucoplast Apicoplast Kappa organism Organs Bacteriome Trophosome Nitroplast Abiogenesis Last universal common ancestor Earliest known life forms
Translation_(biology)
Adjacent repeated pattern of nucleotides within DNA
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Tandem_repeat
Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Mitochondria
DNA sequence that jumps/transposes within a genome
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Transposable_element
Biological process
Gerontoplast Leucoplast Apicoplast Kappa organism Organs Bacteriome Trophosome Nitroplast Abiogenesis Last universal common ancestor Earliest known life forms
DNA_replication
Genetic element
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Retroposon
The first nitrogen-fixing organelle in a marine alga is reported, the nitroplast. The early evolutionary stage organelle provides a view into the transition
2024_in_science
DNA that does not code for proteins
Gerontoplast Leucoplast Apicoplast Kappa organism Organs Bacteriome Trophosome Nitroplast Abiogenesis Last universal common ancestor Earliest known life forms
Non-coding_DNA
Realm of viruses
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Singelaviria
Evolution
by horizontal gene transfer to host and protein import from host. The nitroplast is an endosymbiote of Braarudosphaera bigelowii coccolithophores. These
Plastid_evolution
Mobile genetic elements
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Integrative and conjugative element
Integrative_and_conjugative_element
Viral parasites of giant viruses
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Virophage
RNA molecule chain
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Spiegelman's_Monster
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Diversity-generating retroelement
Diversity-generating_retroelement
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Bio-like_structure
DNA region replicating from a single origin
Gerontoplast Leucoplast Apicoplast Kappa organism Organs Bacteriome Trophosome Nitroplast Abiogenesis Last universal common ancestor Earliest known life forms
Replicon_(genetics)
DNA-based cloning vector
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Phagemid
Tumor cell
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Cancer_cell
Aqueous phase rich in macromolecules
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Coacervate
Family of viruses
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Finnlakeviridae
Unique single-celled organism of uncertain taxonomy
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Parakaryon
Genus of algae
sugars. Unlike other organelles (including the relatively recent cases of nitroplasts), the diazoplasts do not have a high degree of functional gene transfer
Epithemia
Rock and sediment microstructure
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Nanobe
Sequence in a genome
Gerontoplast Leucoplast Apicoplast Kappa organism Organs Bacteriome Trophosome Nitroplast Abiogenesis Last universal common ancestor Earliest known life forms
Origin_of_replication
RNA family
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Retron
Subviral agent which depends on a helper virus for its replication
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Satellite_(biology)
Realm of viruses
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Adnaviria
Realm of viruses
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Riboviria
Cell organelle in a few species
Gerontoplast Leucoplast Apicoplast Kappa organism Organs Bacteriome Trophosome Nitroplast Abiogenesis Last universal common ancestor Earliest known life forms
Mitosome
Realm of viruses
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Ribozyviria
Defective viral particles
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Defective interfering particle
Defective_interfering_particle
Virus-derived DNA in another organism
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Endogenous_viral_element
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Transpoviron
Synthetic viral vector
Gerontoplast Leucoplast Apicoplast Kappa organism Organs Bacteriome Trophosome Nitroplast Abiogenesis Last universal common ancestor Earliest known life forms
Helper_dependent_virus
Type of hybrid plasmid
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Cosmid
Prion that infects fungal hosts
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Fungal_prion
Catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Telomerase reverse transcriptase
Telomerase_reverse_transcriptase
Genus of viruses
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Deltasatellite
Family of viruses
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Thaspiviridae
Mitochondrion-derived organelle
Gerontoplast Leucoplast Apicoplast Kappa organism Organs Bacteriome Trophosome Nitroplast Abiogenesis Last universal common ancestor Earliest known life forms
Hydrogenosome
Family of viruses
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Ovaliviridae
Type of hybrid plasmid
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Fosmid
Family of retrotransposons
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Retrozyme
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Model_lipid_bilayer
Family of viruses
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Halspiviridae
Circular single-stranded RNA(s) dependent on viruses for replication
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Virusoid
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Sulphobes
Family of satellites
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Tolecusatellitidae
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Proteinoid
Realm of viruses
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Varidnaviria
Synthetic proto-cells model
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Jeewanu
Realm of viruses
Endogenous viral element Endosymbiotic organelles Mitochondria Plastid Nitroplast Fosmid Integrative and conjugative element Jeewanu Phagemid Plasmid Episome
Duplodnaviria
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NITROPLAST
NITROPLAST
NITROPLAST
NITROPLAST
NITROPLAST
NITROPLAST
NITROPLAST
NITROPLAST
NITROPLAST
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