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Immature ovum or egg cell
An oocyte (/ˈoʊəsaɪt/, oöcyte, or ovocyte) is a female germ cell involved in sexual reproduction. An oocyte is an immature ovum, an immature egg cell produced
Oocyte
Procedure to preserve a woman's eggs (oocytes)
Oocyte cryopreservation (commonly referred to as OC or egg freezing) is a form of assisted reproductive technology (ART) used to preserve human eggs (oocytes)
Oocyte_cryopreservation
Technique used in in vitro fertilization
oocyte retrieval (TVOR), also referred to as oocyte retrieval (OCR), is a technique used in in vitro fertilization (IVF) in order to remove oocytes from
Transvaginal_oocyte_retrieval
Egg cell production process
Oocyte —(Meiosis I)—> First Polar body (Discarded afterward) + Secondary oocyte —(Meiosis II)—> Second Polar Body (Discarded afterward) + Ovum Oocyte
Oogenesis
Processes in fertilization
Oocyte (or ovum/egg) activation is a series of processes that occur in the oocyte during fertilization. Sperm entry causes calcium release into the oocyte
Oocyte_activation
Union of a human egg and sperm
or copulation shortly after ovulation. Upon encountering the secondary oocyte, the acrosome of the sperm produces enzymes which allow it to burrow through
Human_fertilization
final maturation of oocytes is a procedure that is usually performed as part of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation to render the oocytes fully developed
Final_maturation_induction
Structure containing a single egg cell
of the ovaries releases a mature egg (ovum), known as an oocyte. The nucleus of such an oocyte is called a germinal vesicle (see picture). Cumulus oophorus
Ovarian_follicle
Egg cell abnormalities
Oocytes are immature egg cells that develop to maturity within a follicle in the ovary. Oocyte abnormalities can occur due to several factors, including
Oocyte_abnormalities
Release of egg cells from the ovaries
luteinizing hormone (LH). The ovarian follicles rupture and release the secondary oocyte ovarian cells. After ovulation, during the luteal phase, the egg will be
Ovulation
Procedure performed prior to IVF
Oocyte selection is a procedure that is performed prior to in vitro fertilization, in order to use oocytes with maximal chances of resulting in pregnancy
Oocyte_selection
process of oogenesis to become an ovum. It can be an oogonium, an oocyte, or an ootid. An oocyte, in turn, can be either primary or secondary, depending on how
Immature_ovum
The oocyte maturation inhibitor (OMI) is an inhibitory factor created by follicular cells during a primary oocyte maturation. It is believed to be the
Oocyte_maturation_inhibitor
Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration
providing ATP necessary for the development from germinal vesicle to mature oocyte, a decreased mitochondria function can lead to inflammation, resulting in
Mitochondria
Method of assisted reproduction
Egg donation (also referred to as "oocyte donation") is the process by which a woman donates eggs to enable another woman to conceive as part of an assisted
Egg_donation
Resumption of meiosis occurs as a part of oocyte meiosis after meiotic arrest has occurred. In females, meiosis of an oocyte begins during embryogenesis and will
Resumption_of_meiosis
Cluster of cells surrounding an oocyte
cumulus oophorus (discus proligerus) is a cluster of cells that surround the oocyte both in the ovarian follicle and after ovulation. In the antral follicle
Cumulus_oophorus
Cell division producing haploid gametes
all the oocytes needed for future ovulations, and these oocytes are arrested at the prophase I stage of meiosis. In humans, as an example, oocytes are formed
Meiosis
Artificial maturation of harvested immature egg cells
is the technique of letting the contents of ovarian follicles and the oocytes inside mature in vitro. It can be offered to women with infertility problems
In_vitro_maturation
Process of maturation of primordial follicles
follicle, a densely packed shell of somatic cells that contains an immature oocyte. Folliculogenesis describes the progression of a number of small primordial
Folliculogenesis
In vitro fertilization procedure
the same. In terms of insemination, ICSI needs only one sperm cell per oocyte, while IVF needs 50,000–100,000. This is because the acrosome reaction has
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Intracytoplasmic_sperm_injection
Guidance of sperm
concentration gradient of a chemoattractant secreted from the oocyte and thereby reach the oocyte. Since the discovery of sperm attraction to the female gametes
Sperm_chemotaxis
Mammal reproductive system cell
that is closely associated with the developing female gamete (called an oocyte or egg) in the ovary of mammals. In the primordial ovarian follicle, and
Granulosa_cell
Tubes in the human female reproductive system
secondary oocyte is released from the ovary. The follicle and the ovary's wall rupture, allowing the secondary oocyte to escape. The secondary oocyte is caught
Fallopian_tube
Natural changes in the human female reproductive system
the follicle stimulating hormone prompts the production and growth of oocytes (immature egg cells). The hormone estrogen stimulates the uterus lining
Menstrual_cycle
Cellular mantle around egg cell
the cell.[citation needed] It is formed by follicle cells adhering to the oocyte before it leaves the ovarian follicle, and originates from the squamous
Corona_radiata_(embryology)
Assisted reproductive technology procedure
granulosa, which are easily aspirated during oocyte retrieval. These cells are closely associated with the oocyte and share the same microenvironment, and
In_vitro_fertilisation
Procedure to retain reproductive ability
or reversible, dependent on many factors. A study indicated that fewer oocytes are recovered from cancer patients wanting to perform embryo preservation
Fertility_preservation
Medical condition
fertilize a normal oocyte to make a XXXY zygote. In the case where the oocyte is the genetic cause of 48,XXXY syndrome the oocyte would contain three
XXXY_syndrome
Latter part of the menstrual cycle
to begin the menstrual cycle again. After ovulation and release of the oocyte, the anterior pituitary hormones–follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and
Luteal_phase
British molecular biologist
who along with colleagues Gerard Marbaix and John Gurdon discovered the oocyte exogenous mRNA expression system – a system that not only reveals aspects
Charles_Daniel_Lane
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
somatic cells directly affect oocyte growth and function. Growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF9) is expressed in oocytes and is thought to be required
Growth differentiation factor 9
Growth_differentiation_factor_9
secretory organelles (ranging from 0.2 um to 0.6 um in diameter) found within oocytes and are most associated with polyspermy prevention after the event of fertilization
Cortical_granule
Female reproductive organ that produces egg cells
ovaries, the developing egg cells (or oocytes) mature in the fluid-filled follicles. Typically, only one oocyte develops at a time, but others can also
Ovary
Ovarian stem cells are oocytes formed in ovarian follicle before birth in female mammals. Interest has recently been devoted to OSCs (ovarian stem cells)
Ovarian_stem_cell
Male reproductive cell
essential parts to the oocyte: (1) a signalling or oocyte-activating factor (OAF), which causes the metabolically dormant oocyte to activate; (2) the haploid
Sperm
Ovum quality is the measure of the ability of an oocyte (the female gamete) to achieve successful fertilisation and develop into a viable embryo. The quality
Ovum_quality
Gamete-producing cell
chromosome). Oocyte maturation is the following phase of oocyte development. It occurs at sexual maturity when hormones stimulate the oocyte to complete
Germ_cell
Process to preserve biological matter
Tissue samples like tumors and histological cross sections Eggs (oocytes) in oocyte cryopreservation Embryos at cleavage stage (that are 2, 4, 8 or 16
Cryopreservation
Species of dragonfly
female sex cells, or oocytes. The nucleus of the panoistic oocyte likely contains all the necessary genetic material to develop the oocyte on its own, form
Downy_emerald
Preserving an embryo at sub-zero temperatures
later for another pregnancy. Spare oocytes or embryos resulting from fertility treatments may be used for oocyte donation or embryo donation to another
Embryo_cryopreservation
Sperm-meets-egg process
inside the oocyte then fuse to the outer membrane, and a quick fast block reaction occurs. Furthermore, the cortical granules inside the oocyte fuse with
Acrosome_reaction
Female reproductive cell
on humans, dogs, and cats in the 1870s suggested that the production of oocytes (immature egg cells) stops at or shortly after birth. A review of reports
Egg_cell
Diploid eukaryotic cell formed by fertilization between two gametes
mechanisms. In human fertilization, a released ovum (a haploid secondary oocyte with replicate chromosome copies) and a haploid sperm cell (male gamete)
Zygote
Form of cloning
transfer is a form of cloning. The step involves removing the DNA from an oocyte (unfertilised egg), and injecting the nucleus which contains the DNA to
Nuclear_transfer
Medical condition
as Pergonal, and administration of hCG to induce final oocyte maturation and/or trigger oocyte release, often in conjunction with in vitro fertilisation
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Ovarian_hyperstimulation_syndrome
Single-celled hybrid of human and hamster
A humster is a hybrid cell line made from a zona-free hamster oocyte fertilized with human sperm. It always consists of single cells and cannot form a
Humster
Genus of amphibians
of gene function and high-throughput biochemistry. Furthermore, Xenopus oocytes are a leading system for studies of ion transport and channel physiology
Xenopus
Sampling of a polar body of an oocyte
Polar body biopsy is the sampling of a polar body of an oocyte. It was first applied clinically in humans in 1987 after extensive animal studies. A polar
Polar_body_biopsy
German molecular biologist
Multidisciplinary Sciences. She is known for her work on meiosis in mammalian oocytes, for her studies on the mechanisms leading to the age-related decline in
Melina_Schuh
Molecular biology technique
spontaneously bind to and internalize exogenous DNA and transport it into an oocyte during fertilization to produce genetically modified animals.1 Exogenous
Sperm-mediated_gene_transfer
Method of creating a cloned embryo by replacing the egg nucleus with a body cell nucleus
body cell and an egg cell. The technique consists of taking a denucleated oocyte (egg cell) and implanting a donor nucleus from a somatic (body) cell. It
Somatic_cell_nuclear_transfer
Byproduct of oogenesis
body of an oocyte. After sampling of a polar body, subsequent analysis can be used to predict viability and pregnancy chance of the oocyte, as well as
Polar_body
Protein-coding gene in humans
Northern blot analysis BMP-15 mRNA is locally expressed within the ovaries in oocytes only after they have started to undergo the primary stages of development
Bone_morphogenetic_protein_15
post birth. At 17 days, primordial follicles, each of consists of a small oocyte (with no zona pellucida) and a single layer of flattened pre-granulosa cells
Canine_follicle_development
Union of opposite-sex gametes in sexual reproduction to form a zygote
non-linear motility pattern as sperm approach the oocyte. The capacitated spermatozoon and the oocyte meet and interact in the ampulla of the fallopian
Fertilisation
Medical technique
multiple ovarian follicles. These multiple follicles can be taken out by oocyte retrieval (egg collection) for use in in vitro fertilisation (IVF), or be
Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
Controlled_ovarian_hyperstimulation
Biological process
homologous recombinational repair as well as non-homologous end joining. Oocytes located in the primordial follicle of the ovary are in a non-growing prophase
Reproduction
Undifferentiated female germ cell
or ovoid in shape and are found amongst neighboring somatic cells and oocytes at different phases of development. Oogonia can be distinguished from neighboring
Oogonium
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
in humans is encoded by the PAIP2B gene. It is mainly expressed in the oocytes and fertilized eggs in mice. Most mRNAs, except for histones, contain a
Poly(A) binding protein interacting protein 2B
Poly(A)_binding_protein_interacting_protein_2B
Glycoprotein layer surrounding the plasma membrane of mammalian oocytes
specialized area surrounding mammalian oocytes (eggs). It is also known as an egg coat. The zona pellucida is essential for oocyte growth and fertilization. The
Zona_pellucida
Retention of sperm by female after mating
temporarily retained within a specific part of the reproductive tract before the oocyte, or egg, is fertilized. This process takes place in some species of animals
Female_sperm_storage
Species of amphibian
heart defects. Xenopus oocytes provide an important expression system for molecular biology. By injecting DNA or mRNA into the oocyte or developing embryo
African_clawed_frog
Prolonged resting phase in oogenesis
shortly before ovulation by the LH surge. Thus, although the majority of oocytes are produced in female fetuses before birth, these pre-eggs remain arrested
Dictyate
Formation of yolk to be used for embryonic nutrition
Vitellogenesis is the process of yolk protein formation in the oocytes during sexual maturation. The term vitellogenesis comes from the Latin vitellus
Vitellogenesis
Asexual reproduction without fertilization
of viable offspring. During oocyte development, high metaphase-promoting factor (MPF) activity causes mammalian oocytes to arrest at the metaphase II
Parthenogenesis
Middle membrane of Ovum
space is the space between the zona pellucida and the cell membrane of an oocyte or fertilized ovum. In the slow block to polyspermy, the cortical granules
Perivitelline_space
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
expressed in blastocyst zygote decidua morula secondary oocyte mesenteric lymph nodes embryo primary oocyte proximal tubule spleen More reference expression
HAVCR1
Protein-coding gene
expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in oocyte secondary oocyte vena cava tendon of biceps brachii nipple mucosa of pharynx cerebellar
AMBRA1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
in jejunum yolk sac duodenum zygote left lobe of liver secondary oocyte primary oocyte spleen thymus stomach More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
C11orf53
Japanese researcher
and environmental factors that control the differentiation process of the oocyte lineage leading to eggs by reconstructing this process using pluripotent
Katsuhiko_Hayashi
Component of insect ovaries
(the germline stem cell niche) at the anterior tip, a set of developing oocytes contained within follicles, and a posterior connection to a common oviduct
Ovariole
fibrillation, Dictyostelium cAMP waves, retinal spreading depression, Xenopus oocyte calcium waves, and glial calcium waves in cortical tissue culture. Winfree
Spiral_wave
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
expressed in granulocyte right kidney proximal tubule zygote secondary oocyte primary oocyte Rostral migratory stream embryo dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation
RAD51L3
Epigenetic phenomenon
active process, before DNA replication (blue line in Figure). In the mature oocyte, about 40% of its CpG sites are methylated. Demethylation of the maternal
Reprogramming
expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in oocyte secondary oocyte sperm gonad buccal mucosa cell testicle left testis right testis
LIN28
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
marrow cell mucosa of sigmoid colon Top expressed in secondary oocyte zygote primary oocyte granulocyte lumbar spinal ganglion lacrimal gland Paneth cell
Multiple C2 domains, transmembrane 2
Multiple_C2_domains,_transmembrane_2
fertilised egg. In 1948, John Rock and Miriam Menkin retrieved over 800 oocytes, of which 138 were exposed to spermatozoa in vitro. They published their
History of in vitro fertilisation
History_of_in_vitro_fertilisation
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
otic vesicle seminiferous tubule saccule otic placode secondary oocyte zygote primary oocyte spermatogonium epiblast yolk sac More reference expression data
SUFU
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
muscle tissue muscle of thigh thoracic diaphragm heart secondary oocyte primary oocyte esophagus lens More reference expression data BioGPS More reference
RAPSN
Area of the ovaries
secondary oocyte is released along with surrounding granulosa cells, from the region of the cumulus oophorus, and follicular fluid. The secondary oocyte needs
Stigma_(anatomy)
Protein found in humans
ganglion endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel primary oocyte pituitary gland secondary oocyte stroma of bone marrow trigeminal ganglion calvaria habenula
MCUB
Chromatin bundle in cell nuclei
female gamete development. The gametes can only develop if the mother has oocytes, that are rich in cytoplasm, maternal proteins and contain karyosomes.
Karyosome
Protein-coding gene in humans
expressed in retinal pigment epithelium Epithelium of choroid plexus secondary oocyte hair follicle testicle male germ cell epithelium of nasopharynx sperm skin
P_protein
Follicles moving from inactive to growing phase
cells, formation of the protective zona pellucida layer, and growth of the oocyte. It is widely understood that androgens act primarily on preantral follicles
Ovarian_follicle_activation
fibroblast was then inserted into the enucleated oocyte of another dog, leading to the generation of dog oocytes expressing the red fluorescent protein. These
Ruppy
Mammalian protein found in humans
of oocyte/embryo quality with DHEA supplementation potentially suggests a new concept of ovarian aging, where ovarian environments, but not oocytes themselves
Anti-Müllerian_hormone
fragment Oligo Oligogenic Oligonucleotide Oncogene Oncogenes Oncovirus Oocyte Oogenesis Oogonia Opal codon Open reading frame Operator (biology) Operon
Index_of_genetics_articles
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
of the histone H1 family. The related mouse gene is expressed only in oocytes. It incorporates into sperm chromatin after fertilisation. GRCh38: Ensembl
H1FOO
Biological process
guidance is the process by which sperm cells (spermatozoa) are directed to the oocyte (egg) for the aim of fertilization. In the case of marine invertebrates
Sperm_guidance
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
right kidney proximal tubule suprachiasmatic nucleus secondary oocyte primary oocyte More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression
Cystatin_A
Drug class affecting sex hormones
reduce increases in luteinizing hormone when a person is preparing for an oocyte retrieval for in vitro fertilization. GNRHa's act as a suppressor of spontaneous
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist
Gonadotropin-releasing_hormone_agonist
Protein and coding gene in humans
layer of sigmoid colon cingulate gyrus Top expressed in primary oocyte secondary oocyte zygote stroma of bone marrow lumbar spinal ganglion facial motor
R-spondin_2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
nipple oocyte epithelium of colon trabecular bone skin of thigh pylorus Achilles tendon sural nerve cardia pericardium Top expressed in secondary oocyte primary
MDM4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
of colon left ovary ventricular zone sural nerve right ovary secondary oocyte olfactory zone of nasal mucosa germinal epithelium epithelium of nasopharynx
SMARCA2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
thigh bone marrow cell Top expressed in secondary oocyte lobe of cerebellum cerebellar vermis primary oocyte zygote genital tubercle lumbar subsegment of spinal
SHPRH
Series of chemical reactions resulting in a cell response
KIT in the oocyte, leading to the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway, allowing oocyte survival and development. During embryogenesis, oocytes initiate meiosis
Biochemical_cascade
Haploid sex cell
involves meiosis (including meiotic recombination) of a diploid primary oocyte to produce a haploid ovum. Spermatogenesis, the process of male gamete formation
Gamete
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in sperm oocyte secondary oocyte right testis left testis trabecular bone ventricular zone embryo
MLF1IP
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in oocyte secondary oocyte skin of thigh gingival epithelium skin of arm trabecular bone human
Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 3
Tet_methylcytosine_dioxygenase_3
OOCYTE
OOCYTE
OOCYTE
OOCYTE
Boy/Male
English Scottish
Supplant. Replace.derived from the latin Jacomus.
Girl/Female
British, English
Bright Fame
Boy/Male
English
Small river or stream with an island.
Boy/Male
Australian, Biblical
The Gift of the Lord
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Divine Sun
Girl/Female
Indian
Leader, Princess, Royal lady
Boy/Male
Hindu
Happy like clouds
Girl/Female
Tamil
Gentle
Girl/Female
Hindu
Who protect
Boy/Male
English American French
The island or from the island. From Old French 'L'isle'.
OOCYTE
OOCYTE
OOCYTE
OOCYTE
OOCYTE