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Limits to safe impact on the Earth ecology
Planetary boundaries are a framework to describe limits to the impacts of human activities on the Earth system. Beyond these limits, the environment may
Planetary_boundaries
Lowest part of the atmosphere directly influenced by contact with the planetary surface
In meteorology, the planetary boundary layer (PBL), also known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) or peplosphere, is the lowest part of the atmosphere
Planetary_boundary_layer
Swedish environmental research center
entity boundary has been exceeded. In 2023, scientists assessed all nine planetary boundaries for the first time. They found that six of these boundaries have
Stockholm_Resilience_Centre
Swedish professor (born 1965)
to regional boundaries, interconnections and feedbacks between planetary boundaries, and the quantification of hitherto uncertain boundaries. Johan Rockström
Johan_Rockström
Third planet from the Sun
areas. The concept of planetary boundaries was introduced to quantify humanity's impact on Earth. Of the nine identified boundaries, five have been crossed:
Earth
Maximum population size of a species that an ecosystem can support
epoch; thus crossing planetary boundaries for safe levels of atmospheric carbon, ocean acidity, or one of the other stated boundaries could send the global
Carrying_capacity
Communication process intended to increase empathy
pathway for planetary healing." A 2017 master’s thesis by Bonnell, Li and van Lingen, grounded in Rockström et al.’s planetary-boundaries framework that
Nonviolent_Communication
Three intersecting global environmental crises
impacts on the environment including global catastrophic risk and planetary boundaries. For further information about human impacts on the environment,
Triple_planetary_crisis
Societal goal and normative concept
delivering what its citizens need without transgressing the biophysical planetary boundaries". Sustainability is regarded as a "normative concept". This means
Sustainability
Economic model for sustainable development (created 2012)
or lifebelt – combining the concept of planetary boundaries with the complementary concept of social boundaries. The name derives from the shape of the
Doughnut_(economic_model)
English economist
an economic model that balances between essential human needs and planetary boundaries. Raworth is senior associate at the University of Oxford's Environmental
Kate_Raworth
2021 British documentary film
Attenborough and Johan Rockström. Breaking Boundaries tells the story how humans are pushing Earth beyond the boundaries that have kept the planet stable for
Breaking_Boundaries
State whose economic system is no longer a form of capitalism
(2025-01-01). "Post-growth: the science of wellbeing within planetary boundaries". The Lancet Planetary Health. 9 (1): e62–e78. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00310-3
Post-capitalism
Proposed geologic epoch
used to refer to the period of time during which humanity has become a planetary force of change. It appears in scientific and social discourse, especially
Anthropocene
Climate scientist (1947–2023)
initiating along with Johan Rockström an international debate on planetary boundaries and the "safe operating space" for humanity and in 2018 on the possibility
Will_Steffen
bottom-up approach for LCE that uses targets based on planetary boundaries. Planetary boundaries can be used to establish limits for the earth's carrying
Life-cycle_engineering
Beyond optimum economic growth
(2025-01-01). "Post-growth: the science of wellbeing within planetary boundaries". The Lancet Planetary Health. 9 (1): e62–e78. doi:10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00310-3
Post-growth
Health of civilization and natural systems
Planetary Health refers to the interdependence of human and environmental health. It is an interdisciplinary research field and global movement that explores
Planetary_health
Difference in wind speed or direction over a short distance
three-dimensional boundary. The stronger the outflow boundary is, the stronger the resultant vertical wind shear will become. Weather fronts are boundaries between
Wind_shear
Intentional global-scale management of Earth's ecosystem
environment. In 2009, the planetary boundaries concept was published in the science journal Nature. The paper identifies nine boundaries in the Earth system
Planetary_management
Adverse environmental contamination
environment is one of the planetary boundaries. In August 2022, scientists concluded that the (overall transgressed) boundary is a placeholder for multiple
Pollution
Binary star system in the Cygnus constellation
For 61 Cygni B, the habitable zone is 0.24–0.50 AU. Since no certain planetary object has been detected around either star so far, McDonald Observatory
61_Cygni
Philosophy calling for reduced consumption and production to achieve sustainability
Anthropocene, global warming, pollution, current biodiversity loss, planetary boundaries); The rise of negative societal side-effects (unsustainable development
Degrowth
2017 non-fiction book by economist Kate Raworth
doughnut-shaped visual framework illustrates a safe space between "planetary boundaries" and "social boundaries" in which "humanity can thrive." From the frustrations
Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist
Doughnut_Economics:_Seven_Ways_to_Think_Like_a_21st-Century_Economist
Lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere
friction of the troposphere against the planetary surface affects the flow of the air, and so forms the planetary boundary layer (PBL) that varies in height
Troposphere
Discussion of scenarios for a collapse of civilization due to climate change
extensive crossing of planetary boundaries is possible. The UN report calls to preventive policies including incorporating planetary boundaries in the SDG targets
Climate change and civilizational collapse
Climate_change_and_civilizational_collapse
Mode of human development
envision a world in which 9+billion people can live well, within planetary boundaries, by 2050." This report was highlighted by The Guardian as "the largest
Sustainable_development
Red dwarf star in the constellation Ophiuchus
sub-Earth-mass planets (Barnard's Star b, c, d & e). Multiple claims for a planetary system had been proposed since the beginning of the twentieth century
Barnard's_Star
United Nations goals for people for 2039
environmental or planetary goal. The SDGs do not pursue planetary integrity as such. Environmental constraints and planetary boundaries are underrepresented
Sustainable_Development_Goals
Indian organisation for big cat conservation (established 2023)
United States forests Related Conservation officer De-extinction Planetary boundaries IUCN Red List NatureServe conservation status Special Area of Conservation
International Big Cat Alliance
International_Big_Cat_Alliance
International policy development body
Institute Scenario analysis Anthropocene Global Citizens Movement Planetary boundaries Transition town Tellus Institute "World Water Council - Vision Report
Global_Scenario_Group
Set of people living in a particular area or interbreeding
geographically, though modern global migration and transportation reduces boundaries between populations. A single geographic area does not have to contain
Population_(human_biology)
Part of environmental philosophy
conserve the space environment to secure and expand life? What role can Planetary Boundaries play in reshaping the human-earth relationship? The academic field
Environmental_ethics
Flexitarian diet
The planetary health diet (PHD), also called the EAT-Lancet diet, Lancet diet, planetary diet, or planetarian diet, is a diet created by the EAT-Lancet
Planetary_health_diet
Concerns and policies regarding the biophysical environment
the earth's ecosystems if humans worked to live sustainably within planetary boundaries. The bulk of environmental impacts are caused by excessive consumption
Environmental_issues
Indian environmentalist (born 1959)
Environmentalism Global governance Human impact on the environment Planetary boundaries Development Consumption Anthropization Anti-consumerism Circular
Jadav_Payeng
In differentiated bodies, the surface is where the crust meets the planetary boundary layer. Anything below this is regarded as being sub-surface or sub-marine
Planetary_surface
Substance or energy damaging to the environment
widespread negative impact on the environment. When analyzed from a planetary boundaries perspective, human society has released novel entities that well
Pollutant
International sustainability initiative
change to achieve sustainable development and social equity within planetary boundaries. The project builds upon the legacy of The Limits to Growth report
Earth4All
Relationship between human population, environmental limits, and sustainability
increasingly viewed as a dynamic balance between human well-being and planetary boundaries, not a fixed population threshold. Some researchers and policy advocates
Sustainable_population
Energy policy expert and government official
accelerate systems-change, and achieve greater wellbeing for all within planetary boundaries. At the DLD Conference 2022 she reflected on the prescience of the
Sandrine_Dixson-Declève
Condition wherein human numbers exceed the carrying capacity of the environment
population planning Malthusian catastrophe Overshoot (population) Planetary boundaries Post-growth Antinatalism Overpopulation in domestic pets Rewilding
Human_overpopulation
Layer of gases surrounding an astronomical body held by gravity
atmosphere that directly interacts with the ground is known as the planetary boundary layer. Atmospheres have dramatic effects on the surfaces of rocky
Atmosphere
from the precipice: Transforming land management to stay within planetary boundaries, estimated an annual land degradation rate of 1,000,000 square kilometres
2024_in_climate_change
Scientific hypothesis about Earth
Hylozoism – Philosophical doctrine which holds that all matter is alive Planetary boundaries – Limits to safe impact on the Earth ecology SimEarth – 1990 video
Gaia_hypothesis
Climate Index
that humanity has already transgressed six out of nine critical planetary boundaries that define Earth's safe operating space — and is close to crossing
Environmental Performance Index
Environmental_Performance_Index
instruments can be used to measure properties of the planetary boundary layer, including boundary layer height, aerosols and clouds. Satellite remote sensing
Remote sensing atmospheric boundary layer
Remote_sensing_atmospheric_boundary_layer
Gas layer surrounding Earth
Jeff. "The Planetary Boundary Layer". National Weather Service. Retrieved 2025-07-23. Bauer, Siegfried; Lammer, Helmut (2013). Planetary Aeronomy: Atmosphere
Atmosphere_of_Earth
UN awareness effort to protect the environment
United States forests Related Conservation officer De-extinction Planetary boundaries IUCN Red List NatureServe conservation status Special Area of Conservation
World_Environment_Day
Indication of the chance of extinction
United States forests Related Conservation officer De-extinction Planetary boundaries IUCN Red List NatureServe conservation status Special Area of Conservation
Conservation_status
Reto Gysi von (8 February 2025). "Switzerland votes on respecting planetary boundaries". SWI swissinfo.ch. Archived from the original on 29 September 2025
2025 national electoral calendar
2025_national_electoral_calendar
When a population of a species exceeds the carrying capacity of its environment
ecological footprint accounting and interdisciplinary research on planetary boundaries for safe human use of biosphere. The Sixth Assessment Report on Climate
Overpopulation
Globally accessible seed bank on Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway
Environmentalism Global governance Human impact on the environment Planetary boundaries Development Consumption Anthropization Anti-consumerism Circular
Svalbard_Global_Seed_Vault
Movement of water in the deep Earth
(June 2004). "Serpentine and the subduction zone water cycle". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 223 (1–2): 17–34. Bibcode:2004E&PSL.223...17R. doi:10
Deep_water_cycle
Earth Past Another Planetary Boundary". Scientific American. 3 October 2025. Retrieved 3 October 2025. "Seven of nine planetary boundaries now breached –
2025_in_science
Form of natural gas
consumerism. APG is nevertheless a finite fossil fuel, and the crossing of planetary boundaries could impose earlier limits on its value and usefulness. Following
Associated_petroleum_gas
Study of the atmosphere, its processes, and its interactions with other systems
aerology is restricted to the free atmosphere, the region above the planetary boundary layer. Early pioneers in the field include Léon Teisserenc de Bort
Atmospheric_science
Concept for economic growth without environmental damage
reaching critical environmental tipping points (often described as planetary boundaries), which lead to de facto irreversible environmental effects. A more
Eco-economic_decoupling
Extreme heat caused by a stationary high-pressure system
Li, Dan (2020-05-01). "Aircraft observed diurnal variations of the planetary boundary layer under heat waves". Atmospheric Research. 235 104801. Bibcode:2020AtmRe
Heat_dome
Total variability of Earth's life forms
biodiversity loss is, generally speaking, human activities that push the planetary boundaries too far. These activities include habitat destruction (for example
Global_biodiversity
Professor of Ecological Economics
Good Life For All Within Planetary Boundaries. Retrieved 7 April 2019. "About". A Good Life For All Within Planetary Boundaries. Retrieved 7 April 2019
Julia_Steinberger
Elevated inversion layer that caps the part of the atmosphere closest to the ground
inversion is an elevated inversion layer that caps a convective planetary boundary layer. The boundary layer is the part of the atmosphere which is closest to
Capping_inversion
Schools of thought in environmental economics
sustainability is in defining and respecting hard boundaries and limits in relation to planetary boundaries. This attempts to give incommensurable value to
Weak and strong sustainability
Weak_and_strong_sustainability
Hypothetical global-scale disaster risk
M. BanksPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Planetary boundaries – Limits to safe impact on the Earth ecology Rare events - Events
Global_catastrophic_risk
Quantitbasis for the informed management of sustainability
concepts for sustainability measurement are planetary boundaries and ecological footprint. If the boundaries are not crossed and the ecological footprint
Sustainability_measurement
Long rolls of counter-rotating air
air that are oriented approximately parallel to the ground in the planetary boundary layer. Although seen in satellite photographs for the last 30 years
Horizontal_convective_rolls
Artificial glacier mound for storing water
Environmentalism Global governance Human impact on the environment Planetary boundaries Development Consumption Anthropization Anti-consumerism Circular
Ice_stupa
Planet not gravitationally bound to a star
free-floating planet (FFP) or an isolated planetary-mass object (iPMO), is an interstellar object of planetary mass which is not gravitationally bound to
Rogue_planet
The convective planetary boundary layer (CPBL), also known as the daytime planetary boundary layer (or simply convective boundary layer, CBL, when in context)
Convective planetary boundary layer
Convective_planetary_boundary_layer
Brundtland report
Environmentalism Global governance Human impact on the environment Planetary boundaries Development Consumption Anthropization Anti-consumerism Circular
Our_Common_Future
Form of shear stress
local shear stress at the wall. Within the lowest portion of the planetary boundary layer a semi-empirical log wind profile is commonly used to describe
Shear_velocity
Swedish freelance photographer and film producer
Prince Carl Philip. The book, The Human Quest: Prospering Within Planetary Boundaries, is co-authored by scientist and global sustainability expert Johan
Mattias_Klum
1972 book on economic and population growth
in time when the maximum rate of petroleum extraction is reached Planetary boundaries – Limits to safe impact on the Earth ecology Population bottleneck –
The_Limits_to_Growth
Planning and management of resources and processes
Knight, Richard L.; Landres, Peter B., eds. (1998). Stewardship across boundaries. Washington, D.C: Island Press. ISBN 978-1-55963-515-8. National Academy
Stewardship
Science of planets and planetary systems
Planetary science (or more rarely, planetology) is the scientific study of celestial bodies (such as planets (including Earth), moons, asteroids, comets)
Planetary_science
controlled contraction of the economy so as to get back in line with planetary boundaries. Each of these, in unison, will eventually foster the creation of
The Path to Degrowth in Overdeveloped Countries
The_Path_to_Degrowth_in_Overdeveloped_Countries
Void between celestial bodies
to maintain the safety and health of the space environment, as well as planetary environments. Similar to sustainability initiatives on Earth, space sustainability
Outer_space
Biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into various chemical forms
for the secondary organic aerosol particles in photochemical smog. Planetary boundaries – Limits to safe impact on the Earth ecology Phosphorus cycle – Biogeochemical
Nitrogen_cycle
Colombian surgeon and environmentalist
literature in areas such as nuclear energy, sustainability, and planetary boundaries. His most notable works include: "Estimation of Levelized Cost of
Camilo_Prieto_Valderrama
United States forests Related Conservation officer De-extinction Planetary boundaries IUCN Red List NatureServe conservation status Special Area of Conservation
List of nature conservation organizations
List_of_nature_conservation_organizations
Extinction of species or loss of species in a given habitat
biodiversity loss is, generally speaking, human activities that push the planetary boundaries too far. These activities include habitat destruction (for example
Biodiversity_loss
Overview of and topical guide to sustainability
responsible resource management. Environmentalism Environmental ethics Planetary boundaries Sustainable development Sustainability science Sustainability accounting
Outline_of_sustainability
Sociopolitical advocacy for protecting natural resources
Environmentalism Global governance Human impact on the environment Planetary boundaries Development Consumption Anthropization Anti-consumerism Circular
Conservation_movement
The alpine planetary boundary layer is the planetary boundary layer (PBL) associated with mountainous regions. Due to its high spatial and temporal variability
Alpine planetary boundary layer
Alpine_planetary_boundary_layer
Form of precipitation
global spread of these four PFAAs in the atmosphere has led to the planetary boundary for chemical pollution being exceeded". The most common PFAS found
Rain
United States forests Related Conservation officer De-extinction Planetary boundaries IUCN Red List NatureServe conservation status Special Area of Conservation
Conservation in the Republic of Ireland
Conservation_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland
Swedish sustainability scientist
article "A safe operating space for humanity", which introduced the planetary boundaries framework. This framework has become one of the most cited concepts
Uno_Svedin
Layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface
layer control Boundary microphone Blasius boundary layer Falkner–Skan boundary layer Ekman layer Planetary boundary layer Perturbation theory Logarithmic
Boundary_layer
Class of perfluorinated chemical compounds
global spread of these four PFAAs in the atmosphere has led to the planetary boundary for chemical pollution being exceeded". The most common PFAS found
PFAS
US non-profit organization
on a 10 year mission to "lead a global response to keep us within planetary boundaries" and to "bring forth a sustainable global society founded on respect
Global_Green_USA
System of uniquely identifying features on the surface of a planet or natural satellite
Planetary nomenclature, like terrestrial nomenclature, is a system of uniquely identifying features on the surface of a planet or natural satellite so
Planetary_nomenclature
Range of new religious beliefs and practices
of "the same (or very similar) lingua franca to do with the human (and planetary) condition and how it can be transformed." Similarly, the historian of
New_Age
Phenomenon in which populations temporarily exceed carrying capacity of environment
Paradox coined by Michael Rosenzweig Planetary boundaries – Limits to safe impact on the Earth ecology Planetary management – Intentional global-scale
Overshoot_(population)
Biogeochemical cycle for movement of water on Earth
particles of gas. This type of gas loss from a planet into space is known as planetary wind. Planets with hot lower atmospheres could result in humid upper atmospheres
Water_cycle
Calculated calendar date when humanity's yearly consumption exceeds Earth's replenishment
Environmentalism Global governance Human impact on the environment Planetary boundaries Development Consumption Anthropization Anti-consumerism Circular
Earth_Overshoot_Day
Reduction in energy and resource consumption
sufficiency is about ensuring that all humans can live a good life within planetary boundaries, meaning without overshooting the ecological limits of the Earth
Eco-sufficiency
2026 conference in Davos, Switzerland
innovation at scale and responsibly? How can we build prosperity within planetary boundaries? Special addresses by ten major leaders were the featured sessions
56th_World_Economic_Forum
1926 book by Frederick Soddy
Environmental ethics Environmental justice Externality Green politics Planetary boundaries Post-growth Social metabolism Thermodynamics Thermoeconomics Unequal
Wealth, Virtual Wealth and Debt
Wealth,_Virtual_Wealth_and_Debt
Demands on ecosystem exceeding regeneration
populations temporarily exceed carrying capacity of environment Planetary boundaries – Limits to safe impact on the Earth ecology "Media Backgrounder:
Ecological_overshoot
Waste made from harmful chemicals
"Scienmag" defines a 'planetary boundary' for novel entities such as plastic and chemical pollution. The study reported that the boundary has been crossed
Chemical_waste
PLANETARY BOUNDARIES
PLANETARY BOUNDARIES
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Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place in Lancashire, named with an ancient British river name, perhaps meaning ‘sacred’, ‘holy’.Irish : when not of English origin (see 1 above), a rare reduced Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Seanchaidhe ‘son of the chronicler’, a name found in Sligo and Leitrim, which is more commonly Anglicized as Fox, as the result of an erroneous association with sionnach ‘fox’.
Boy/Male
Greek
Earth-lover. Of Demeter. Demeter is the mythological Greek goddess of corn and harvest. She...
Boy/Male
Hindu
Gold
Surname or Lastname
English or Scottish
English or Scottish : unexplained.
Boy/Male
English
Literally 'cross land'.
Girl/Female
Indian, Modern
Daughter
Boy/Male
Australian, Hebrew, Jewish
Deer
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Goddess Lakshmi
Male
French
Norman French name derived from German Amalger, AMAUGER means "work-spear."
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Indian
Pure Water; Sacred Water
PLANETARY BOUNDARIES
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PLANETARY BOUNDARIES
PLANETARY BOUNDARIES
a.
Having reference to the placenta; as, the placentary system of classification.
a.
Not surveyed, or designated by marks, limits, or boundaries, as appropriated to some individual, company, or corporation; as, unlocated lands.
a.
Consisting of planets; as, a planetary system.
a.
In the direction of the general planetary motion, or from west to east; in the order of the signs; not retrograde; -- said of the motion of a celestial body.
a.
Under the dominion or influence of a planet.
n.
An officer who ascertains meres or boundaries.
a.
Caused by planets.
n.
The land within the boundaries of a farm; a farmstead or farm.
n.
The Roman divinity who presided over boundaries, whose statue was properly a short pillar terminating in the bust of a man, woman, satyr, or the like, but often merely a post or stone stuck in the ground on a boundary line.
n. pl.
A festival celebrated annually by the Romans on February 23 in honor of Terminus, the god of boundaries.
n.
The marking out of the boundaries, or identifying the place or site of, a piece of land, according to the description given in an entry, plan, map, etc.
a.
Of or pertaining to the planets; as, planetary inhabitants; planetary motions; planetary year.
n.
In modern usage, a book or roll in which the lands of private persons or corporations are described by their site, boundaries, number of acres, or the like.
a.
Of or pertaining to a plane.
v. t.
To examine and ascertain, as the boundaries and royalties of a manor, the tenure of the tenants, and the rent and value of the same.
a.
Of or pertaining to the sole of the foot; as, the plantar arteries.
n.
A proceeding prescribed by statute for ascertaining and fixing the boundaries of land. See 2d Procession.
n.
Originally, a boundary stone dedicated to Hermes as the god of boundaries, and therefore bearing in some cases a head, or head and shoulders, placed upon a quadrangular pillar whose height is that of the body belonging to the head, sometimes having feet or other parts of the body sculptured upon it. These figures, though often representing Hermes, were used for other divinities, and even, in later times, for portraits of human beings. Called also herma. See Terminal statue, under Terminal.
n.
A small periodical change of position in the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the observer; called annual aberration, when the observer's motion is that of the earth in its orbit, and daily or diurnal aberration, when of the earth on its axis; amounting when greatest, in the former case, to 20.4'', and in the latter, to 0.3''. Planetary aberration is that due to the motion of light and the motion of the planet relative to the earth.
a.
Having the nature of a planet; erratic; revolving; wandering.