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Lowest part of the atmosphere directly influenced by contact with the planetary surface
In meteorology, the planetary boundary layer (PBL), also known as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) or peplosphere, is the lowest part of the atmosphere
Planetary_boundary_layer
Layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface
In physics and fluid mechanics, a boundary layer is the thin layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface formed by the fluid flowing
Boundary_layer
The convective planetary boundary layer (CPBL), also known as the daytime planetary boundary layer (or simply convective boundary layer, CBL, when in context)
Convective planetary boundary layer
Convective_planetary_boundary_layer
The alpine planetary boundary layer is the planetary boundary layer (PBL) associated with mountainous regions. Due to its high spatial and temporal variability
Alpine planetary boundary layer
Alpine_planetary_boundary_layer
Form of shear stress
local shear stress at the wall. Within the lowest portion of the planetary boundary layer a semi-empirical log wind profile is commonly used to describe
Shear_velocity
Limits to safe impact on the Earth ecology
Planetary boundaries are a framework to describe limits to the impacts of human activities on the Earth system. Beyond these limits, the environment may
Planetary_boundaries
Long rolls of counter-rotating air
that are oriented approximately parallel to the ground in the planetary boundary layer. Although seen in satellite photographs for the last 30 years,
Horizontal_convective_rolls
Lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere
planetary surface affects the flow of the air, and so forms the planetary boundary layer (PBL) that varies in height from hundreds of meters up to 2 km
Troposphere
instruments can be used to measure properties of the planetary boundary layer, including boundary layer height, aerosols and clouds. Satellite remote sensing
Remote sensing atmospheric boundary layer
Remote_sensing_atmospheric_boundary_layer
Gas layer surrounding Earth
Jeff. "The Planetary Boundary Layer". National Weather Service. Retrieved 2025-07-23. Bauer, Siegfried; Lammer, Helmut (2013). Planetary Aeronomy: Atmosphere
Atmosphere_of_Earth
Difference in wind speed or direction over a short distance
verification] This layer where friction slows and changes the wind is known as the planetary boundary layer, sometimes the Ekman layer, and it is thickest
Wind_shear
Elevated inversion layer that caps the part of the atmosphere closest to the ground
capping inversion is an elevated inversion layer that caps a convective planetary boundary layer. The boundary layer is the part of the atmosphere which is
Capping_inversion
Study of the atmosphere, its processes, and its interactions with other systems
aerology is restricted to the free atmosphere, the region above the planetary boundary layer. Early pioneers in the field include Léon Teisserenc de Bort and
Atmospheric_science
Wind model
of horizontal mean wind speed within the lowest portion of the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The logarithmic profile of wind speeds is generally limited
Log_wind_profile
Extreme heat caused by a stationary high-pressure system
Dan (2020-05-01). "Aircraft observed diurnal variations of the planetary boundary layer under heat waves". Atmospheric Research. 235 104801. Bibcode:2020AtmRe
Heat_dome
Layer of gases surrounding an astronomical body held by gravity
atmosphere that directly interacts with the ground is known as the planetary boundary layer. Atmospheres have dramatic effects on the surfaces of rocky bodies
Atmosphere
Chinese American atmospheric and environmental scientist
air pollution and impact on severe weather and climate change, planetary boundary layers, biomass burning, and their impacts on public health. He has developed
Zhanqing_Li
Discontinuity where the bottom of the planet's mantle meets the outer layer of the core
500–1,800 K hotter than the overlying mantle, creating a thermal boundary layer. The boundary is thought to harbor topography, much like Earth's surface, that
Core–mantle_boundary
Boundary between troposphere and stratosphere
The troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere; it starts at the planetary boundary layer, and is the layer in which most weather phenomena
Tropopause
differentiated bodies, the surface is where the crust meets the planetary boundary layer. Anything below this is regarded as being sub-surface or sub-marine
Planetary_surface
including the troposphere and stratosphere. atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) See planetary boundary layer. atmospheric circulation The global-scale movement
Glossary_of_meteorology
Observation of distant objects on Earth's surface or terrestrial features
atmosphere" above the inversion or planetary boundary layer the sky has a deep blue color, unlike inside the hazy layer, where it acts like pale blue or
Long_distance_observations
Atmospheric phenomenon
air, leads to mixing, which in turn expands the height of the planetary boundary layer (PBL), the lowest part of the atmosphere directly influenced by
Atmospheric_convection
Weather phenomenon on Mars
minutes. The greater height of Martian dust devils may be due to a planetary boundary layer which is several kilometers thicker on average than Earth's. Dust
Martian_dust_devils
Motion of water in the oceans
an analogous planetary boundary layer). Turbulence is high in the mixed layer. However, it becomes zero at the base of the mixed layer. Turbulence again
Ocean_dynamics
Tiny lifeforms floating and drifting in the air, carried by the wind
communities of the planetary boundary layer Once aerosolized, microbial cells enter the planetary boundary layer, defined as the air layer near the ground
Aeroplankton
this, generally, the parcel is lifted from the portion of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) that lies below the morning inversion. The air here should
Lifted_index
Atmospheric lapse rate measurement system
signal. From the speed of sound, the temperature of the air in the planetary boundary layer can be computed. The maximum altitude range of RASS systems is
Radio acoustic sounding system
Radio_acoustic_sounding_system
Net transport of surface water perpendicular to wind direction
surface layer. Splitting the planetary boundary layer into the surface layer and the Ekman layer generally yields more accurate results. The Ekman layer, with
Ekman_transport
Airborne particles containing living organisms
viruses, and pollen. Their concentrations are greatest in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and decrease with altitude. Survival rate of bioaerosols
Bioaerosol
Portuguese archipelago in the North Atlantic
90% above 400 m (1,300 ft). However, higher elevations above the planetary boundary layer can experience extremely low values close to 10%. Summers are especially
Azores
Constituent gas of the troposphere
above sea level. Ozone is least concentrated in the ground layer (or planetary boundary layer) of the troposphere. Ground-level or tropospheric ozone is
Ground-level_ozone
Living and non-living things on Earth
composed almost completely of hydrogen, the lightest element. The planetary boundary layer is the part of the troposphere that is nearest the Earth's surface
Natural_environment
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) (atmospheric boundary layer [ABL]) planetary boundary layer (PBL) atmospheric chemistry atmospheric circulation
Index_of_meteorology_articles
Innermost layer(s) of a planet
A planetary core consists of the innermost layers of a planet. Cores may be entirely liquid, or a mixture of solid and liquid layers as is the case in
Planetary_core
Class of instruments
Mahrt, L (1986). "A simple model of the planetary boundary layer: Sensitivity to surface evaporation". Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 37 (1–2): 129–148. CiteSeerX 10
Atmospheric_lidar
Geological boundary between time periods
Vaughn Michel discovered that sedimentary layers found all over the world at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary contain a concentration of iridium hundreds
Cretaceous–Paleogene_boundary
Strong surface-level winds that radiate from a single point
microbursts Low level windshear alert system (LLWAS) Mesovortex Planetary boundary layer (PBL) Rear-inflow jet (RIJ) Squall Vertical draft Windthrow US
Downburst
Tropical atmospheric circulation feature
airflow within the tropics: An equatorward, lower branch within the planetary boundary layer An ascending branch near the equator A poleward, upper branch in
Hadley_cell
Network of weather and environment monitoring stations
other observation platforms, particularly vertical profiles of the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Other environmental parameters may include insolation and
Mesonet
Layer of a turbulent fluid affected by interaction with a surface
boundary layer is used in meteorology and physical oceanography. The atmospheric surface layer is the lowest part of the atmospheric boundary layer (typically
Surface_layer
Amount of power radiated through a given area
meteorology to determine the intensity of the convection in the planetary boundary layer. Radiative flux also acts as a generalization of heat flux, which
Radiative_flux
Measure of instability in the air as a buoyancy force
the planetary boundary layer or an average of some other depth of the atmosphere, then the resulting calculation is known as mixed-layer or mean-layer CAPE
Convective available potential energy
Convective_available_potential_energy
Form of precipitation
models show significant sensitivity to humidity levels within the planetary boundary layer, or in the lowest levels of the atmosphere, which decreases with
Rain
Condensed water vapor that falls from clouds
models show significant sensitivity to humidity levels within the planetary boundary layer, or in the lowest levels of the atmosphere, which decreases with
Precipitation
Superfamily of insects
"Vertical Distribution of Aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) in the Planetary Boundary Layer". Environmental Entomology. 19 (5): 1473–1484. doi:10.1093/ee/19
Aphid
Topics referred to by the same term
of air that occurs based on the movement of air masses in the Planetary boundary layer a process of mixing fresh and salt water in estuaries Convective
Vertical_mixing
Rate of increase in wind strength per unit increase in height
surface. This bottom layer, where surface friction slows the wind and changes the wind direction, is known as the planetary boundary layer. Daytime solar heating
Wind_gradient
Fields of natural science related to Earth
The boundary of the atmosphere between the troposphere and stratosphere Troposphere – The lowest layer of the atmosphere Planetary boundary layer – The
Outline_of_Earth_science
Mathematical simulation of how air pollutants disperse in the ambient atmosphere
part of the troposphere is called the planetary boundary layer (PBL), or sometimes the atmospheric boundary layer. The air temperature of the PBL decreases
Atmospheric dispersion modeling
Atmospheric_dispersion_modeling
Height at which an air parcel becomes saturated
lifting of surface air and subsequent mixing of the planetary boundary layer, so that the layer near the surface ends up with a dry adiabatic lapse rate
Lifting_condensation_level
Void between celestial bodies
to maintain the safety and health of the space environment, as well as planetary environments. Similar to sustainability initiatives on Earth, space sustainability
Outer_space
Weather phenomenon
Horizontal convective rolls Ontario winter lake-effect systems Planetary boundary layer Sea smoke Warnings about lake-effect snow: United States: Lake
Lake-effect_snow
Gas layer surrounding Mars
lander showed that water-ice clouds can form at the top of the planetary boundary layer at night and precipitate back to the surface as ice crystals in
Atmosphere_of_Mars
Mathematical model in fluid dynamics
stress equation model Holton, James R. (2004). "Chapter 5 – The Planetary Boundary Layer". Dynamic Meteorology. International Geophysics Series. Vol. 88
Mixing_length_model
NASA Mars lander (2008)
collected information about the time-dependent structure of the planetary boundary layer by investigating the vertical distribution of dust, ice, fog, and
Phoenix_(spacecraft)
Interior of the earth
lowest part of the mantle next to the core-mantle boundary is known as the D″ (D-double-prime) layer. The pressure at the bottom of the mantle is ≈140
Internal_structure_of_Earth
Level representing a mechanical difference between layers in Earth's inner structure
lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary (referred to as the LAB by geophysicists) represents a mechanical difference between layers in Earth's inner structure
Lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary
Lithosphere–asthenosphere_boundary
Highly viscous, ductile, and mechanically weak region of Earth's mantle
thermal boundary layer, above which heat is transported by thermal conduction and below which heat transfer is mainly convective; a rheological boundary, where
Asthenosphere
Narrow airstream of strong winds in cyclones
scorpion. Sting jets may result in the clearing of clouds in the planetary boundary layer evident on satellite imagery past the tip of the cloud head. Shallow
Sting_jet
Pollutant chemicals of the form R–C(O)OONO2
pollutants: chemical processes governing their formation in the planetary boundary layer". Atmospheric Environment. 34 (16): 2499–2527. Bibcode:2000AtmEn
Peroxyacyl_nitrates
Weather forecasting and data assimilation system
in the planetary boundary layer through vertical diffusion, diffusion coefficients based on stability and turbulent kinetic energy, surface layer based
Global Environmental Multiscale Model
Global_Environmental_Multiscale_Model
Structures of the Earth's mantle
geodynamic effects. Directly above the core–mantle boundary is a 200-kilometer (120 mi) thick layer of the lower mantle known as the D″ ("D double-prime"
Large low-shear-velocity provinces
Large_low-shear-velocity_provinces
Flight simulator
atmosphere-terrain boundary interaction follows fluid dynamics, just with processes on hugely varying scales and 'weather' is the planetary boundary layer. The aircraft
FlightGear
Portuguese island in Azores archipelago
As altitude surpasses 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) and exceeds the planetary boundary layer, both precipitation and humidity levels decrease reaching the top
Pico_Island
Concept in thermodynamics
adiabatic processes, and as such is an important quantity in the planetary boundary layer (which is often very close to being dry adiabatic). Potential temperature
Potential_temperature
Scientific study of atmosphere and the urban environment
two atmosphere layers, besides the planetary boundary layer (PBL) outside and extending well above the city: (1) The urban boundary layer is due to the
Urban_climatology
Meteorological technique for determining air motion above the planetary boundary layer
during an adiabatic (i.e. non-heat-exchanging) process above the planetary boundary layer. The change of state of air parcels following isentropic surfaces
Isentropic_analysis
Local set of atmospheric conditions that differ significantly from the surrounding area
related properties of weather. Microclimates occur within the Planetary boundary layer, which is the lowest level of atmosphere directly influenced by
Microclimate
Weather event in North America
tropospheric subsidence, enhanced evaporative fraction, and elevated planetary boundary layer height, all of which can lead to surface drying. These conditions
2012_North_American_heat_wave
Meteorological event
the planetary boundary layer. Outflow from deep convection associated with the easterly wave is then confined within the shallow boundary layer. They
Gulf of California moisture surge
Gulf_of_California_moisture_surge
Sea water particles that are formed directly from the ocean
turbulent coastal areas can travel horizontally up to 25 km within the planetary boundary layer. As distance from shore decreases, sea spray production declines
Sea_spray
Atmospheric distortions of light
weather forecasts for astronomical seeing Mirage and heat haze Planetary boundary layer Transient lunar phenomenon Much of the above text is taken (with
Astronomical_seeing
Mathematical model for turbulence
"A subgrid-scale model for large-eddy simulation of planetary boundary-layer flows". Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 71 (3): 247–276. Bibcode:1994BoLMe..71
Large_eddy_simulation
Japanese climatologist (born 1942)
climate research group. The group has strong interests in the planetary boundary layer and the cryosphere including its interaction with the atmosphere
Atsumu_Ohmura
Earth's most severe extinction event
ozone layer with increased exposure to solar radiation. Previously, it was thought that rock sequences spanning the Permian–Triassic boundary were too
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic_extinction_event
Ground-based lidar for cloud height measurement
Lidar Ceilometer to Retrieve Aerosol Characteristics within the Planetary Boundary Layer". Remote Sensing. 13 (18): 3626. Bibcode:2021RemS...13.3626L. doi:10
Ceilometer
Ability of an air mass to resist vertical motion
useful measure of the strength of the inversion that caps the planetary boundary layer on earth, and also indicates the level of convective stability
Convective_instability
Expected amount of melted precipitation
models show significant sensitivity to humidity levels within the planetary boundary layer, or in the lowest levels of the atmosphere, which decreases with
Quantitative precipitation forecast
Quantitative_precipitation_forecast
Climate physicist from South Korea
research interests include climate physics, monsoon dynamics, planetary boundary layer modeling, hydroclimate, and tropical-extratropical interaction
Kyung-Ja_Ha
Economic model for sustainable development (created 2012)
or lifebelt – combining the concept of planetary boundaries with the complementary concept of social boundaries. The name derives from the shape of the
Doughnut_(economic_model)
Thin layer of the element iridium in rock strata at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
abundance of the chemical element iridium in a layer of rock strata at the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary. The unusually high concentration of a rare
Iridium_anomaly
Layer of silicate rock
layers: the rigid lithospheric mantle (the uppermost mantle), and the more ductile asthenosphere, separated by the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary
Earth's_mantle
Australian-born American meteorologist (1962–2025)
her PhD, she worked on fluid dynamics and observations of the planetary boundary layer. During her PhD, Evans visited the Naval Postgraduate School in
Jenni_L._Evans
a stratified atmosphere cross-stream exchange occurs above the planetary boundary layer when there is a vertical motion of significant moment. While recognising
Urban_thermal_plume
French weather and climate scientist
24-hour evolution of the mean and turbulent structures of the planetary boundary layer », Journal Atmospheric Sciences, 1978, 35, p. 1861-1883 C.E. Coulman
Jean-Claude_André
Topics referred to by the same term
Dutch name for the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency Planetary boundary layer Policy Block List Polski Blok Ludowy, the Polish name for Polish
PBL
Scottish civil engineer, lighthouse designer and meteorologist (1818–1887)
is one of the first quantitative studies of wind speeds in the planetary boundary layer. Modern analysis of Stevenson's formula indicates that it appears
Thomas_Stevenson
Cancelled science mission to Mars featuring semi-hard landing strategy
dynamics and circulation Surface to atmosphere interactions and planetary boundary layer Dust raising mechanisms Cycles of CO2, H2O and dust Evolution of
Mars_MetNet
Series of balloon flights
Promotion of Aeronautics to investigate the atmosphere above the planetary boundary layer. The flights were organized by Richard Aßmann, Professor at the
Berlin scientific balloon flights
Berlin_scientific_balloon_flights
British-Australian meteorologist
W. C. (1970). Structure of wind and the shearing stress in the planetary boundary layer. Archiv Für Meteorologie, Geophysik Und Bioklimatologie, Serie
William_Christopher_Swinbank
approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) wide that extend from the planetary boundary layer to the tropopause, were the primary mechanism that transported
Moist_static_energy
Inertial wave in rotating fluids
vortices). Oceanic Rossby waves move along the thermocline: the boundary between the warm upper layer and the cold deeper part of the ocean. Atmospheric Rossby
Rossby_wave
ground up, of the troposphere (which includes the planetary boundary layer or peplosphere, the lowest layer), stratosphere, mesosphere, ionosphere (or thermosphere)
Glossary of environmental science
Glossary_of_environmental_science
Mass extinction event about 66 million years ago
thin layer of sediment called the K–Pg boundary or K–T boundary, which can be found throughout the world in marine and terrestrial rocks. The boundary clay
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
Cretaceous–Paleogene_extinction_event
Mixing of fluids due to eddy currents
eliminating one or more of the space coordinates. Having said that, in planetary-boundary-layer heat conduction, the source is a sinusoidal time function and so
Eddy_diffusion
tax Pioneer plant Pioneer species Planetary boundary layer Planetary ecosynthesis Planetary engineering Planetary protection Planned obsolescence Plastic
Index of environmental articles
Index_of_environmental_articles
Prehistoric impact crater in Mexico
the layer of iridium-enriched clay. At the time, there was no consensus on what caused the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction and the boundary layer, with
Chicxulub_crater
EDT) and eventually weakened as the surrounding air within the planetary boundary layer became more stable. Preliminarily, the eight tornadoes initially
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 3–11, 2003
Tornado_outbreak_sequence_of_May_3–11,_2003
Class of atmospheric infrasonic waves
may also be trapped near the surface in the lower troposphere by planetary boundary layer effects and surface winds, or they may be ducted in the stratosphere
Microbarom
PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER
PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER
Girl/Female
Hindu
Boundary, Border
Girl/Female
Celebrity, Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Beautiful; Beauty; Cute
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Boundary
Girl/Female
Indian
Beautiful
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Limit; Boundary; Border
Boy/Male
English French Latin
Boundary.
Girl/Female
German, Latin, Swedish
Boundary Gate; Deserving; Beloved
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English, Welsh
Severe; Strict; Boundary
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Boundary; Arrow
Girl/Female
Hindu
Beautiful, Angel (Celebrity Name:Â Tamil superstar Rajnikanth)
Girl/Female
Hindu
Boundary, Border
Girl/Female
Tamil
Maryada | மரà¯à®¯à®¾à®¤à®¾
Boundary, Rule
Maryada | மரà¯à®¯à®¾à®¤à®¾
Girl/Female
Indian, Tamil
Beauty
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
King of Beauty
Girl/Female
Tamil
Boundary, Border
Girl/Female
Hindu
Boundary, Rule
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Boundary Deity
Boy/Male
British, Christian, English
Month; Horse; Boundary
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Boundary; Limit
Girl/Female
Tamil
Boundary, Border
PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER
PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER
Boy/Male
Tamil
Sarvasiddhanta | ஸரà¯à®µà®¸à¯€à®¤à¯à®¤à®¾à®¨à®¤à®¾Â
Bestowed of skills and wisdom
Boy/Male
Indian
Light to People
Female
Chinese
spring flowers.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived near a swamp or bog, from Old English slÅh ‘slough’, or a habitational name from one of the various places, for example Slough in Berkshire, named with this word.English : nickname for a sluggish or stupid person, from Middle English slou ‘slow’.English : topographic name for someone who lived by a blackthorn or sloe, from Middle English sloh. Compare Slaughter 3.Americanized form of Polish and Jewish Sloma.
Girl/Female
Indian
Beautiful Hair
Biblical
same as Ner
Male
French
Variant spelling of French Gervaise, GERVAIS means "spear servant."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Crew.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Boy/Male
Tamil
PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER
PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER
PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER
PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER
PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER
n.
A boundary. See Mere.
n.
A boundary; a division.
n.
A limit; a boundary.
n.
A small quadruped of Bengal (Paradoxurus bondar), allied to the genet; -- called also musk cat.
n.
A boundary; a landmark.
n.
One who, or that which, limits; a boundary.
pl.
of Boundary
a.
Having reference to the placenta; as, the placentary system of classification.
a.
Of or pertaining to the planets; as, planetary inhabitants; planetary motions; planetary year.
n.
A boundary; a limit.
a.
Caused by planets.
n.
A boundary. See Mere.
a.
Having the nature of a planet; erratic; revolving; wandering.
a.
Under the dominion or influence of a planet.
n.
An abuttal; a boundary.
n.
A boundary.
n.
Same as Foundry.
a.
Of or pertaining to the sole of the foot; as, the plantar arteries.
n.
That which indicates or fixes a limit or extent, or marks a bound, as of a territory; a bounding or separating line; a real or imaginary limit.
a.
Consisting of planets; as, a planetary system.