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Immediate emission of neutrons after nuclear fission
engineering, a prompt neutron is a neutron immediately emitted (neutron emission) by a nuclear fission event, as opposed to a delayed neutron decay which
Prompt_neutron
Sustained nuclear fission achieved solely by prompt neutron emission
engineering, prompt criticality is the criticality (the state in which a nuclear chain reaction is self-sustaining) that is achieved with prompt neutrons alone
Prompt_criticality
When one nuclear reaction causes more
prompt neutrons would alone, as these delayed neutrons effectively increase the mean neutron lifetime l {\displaystyle l} . Without delayed neutrons,
Nuclear_chain_reaction
Topics referred to by the same term
containing Prompt Prompt neutron, in nuclear engineering Prompt criticality This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Prompt. If an
Prompt
Delayed emission of neutrons after nuclear fission
minutes later. These neutrons are emitted by excited daughter nuclei of certain beta-decaying fission products. In contrast, prompt neutrons are emitted almost
Delayed_neutron
Type of radioactive decay
nucleons. Most neutron emission outside prompt neutron production associated with fission (either induced or spontaneous), is from neutron-heavy isotopes
Neutron_emission
Atomic nuclear process
"Solar Gamma Ray and Neutron Observations". NASA Special Publication. 342: 285. Bibcode:1973NASSP.342..285C. Prompt Gamma-ray Neutron Activation Analysis
Neutron_capture
Prompt-gamma neutron activation analysis (PGAA) is a very widely applicable technique for determining the presence and amount of many elements simultaneously
Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis
Prompt_gamma_neutron_activation_analysis
Low-yield thermonuclear weapon
variants. All nuclear weapons up to about 10 kilotons in yield have prompt neutron radiation as their furthest-reaching lethal component. For standard
Neutron_bomb
State in the operation of a nuclear reactor
generation, and prompt critical, where the immediate "prompt" neutrons alone will sustain the reaction without need for the decay neutrons. Nuclear power
Criticality_(status)
properties, detection of neutrons fall into several major categories: Absorptive reactions with prompt reactions - low energy neutrons are typically detected
Neutron_detection
Reaction that splits an atomic nucleus
"5 MeV" is released in prompt or initial gamma radiation, "5 MeV" in prompt neutron radiation (99.36% of total), "7 MeV" in delayed neutron energy (0.64%) and
Nuclear_fission
_{i}3600}}}}} [Equation 2] ρ = reactivity l = prompt neutron lifetime Tp = reactor period βi = fraction of delayed neutrons of ith kind λi = precursor decay constant
Inhour_equation
Unit of reactivity for a nuclear reactor
the reactivity of both the prompt and delayed neutrons. However, reactivity in dollars is dependent on the delayed neutron fraction (βeff). Reactivity
Dollar_(reactivity)
Method used for determining the concentrations of elements in many materials
during neutron irradiation (prompt gamma), or at some time after irradiation (delayed gamma, DGNAA). PGNAA is generally performed by using a neutron stream
Neutron_activation_analysis
Smallest amount of fissile material needed to sustain a nuclear reaction
induces fission in a nucleus. Consider only prompt neutrons, and let ν denote the number of prompt neutrons generated in a nuclear fission. For example
Critical_mass
Device that emits neutrons
A neutron source is any device that emits neutrons, irrespective of the mechanism used to produce the neutrons. Neutron sources are used in physics, engineering
Neutron_source
Isotope of uranium
cross section for slow thermal neutrons is about 584.3±1 barns. For fast neutrons it is on the order of 1 barn. Most neutron absorptions induce fission,
Uranium-235
Isotope of plutonium
0.720% abundance) in a nuclear reactor produces two to three neutrons, and these neutrons can be absorbed by uranium-238 (with 99.3% abundance) to produce
Plutonium-239
Uncontrolled nuclear fission chain reaction
delayed neutrons. In such cases, the neutron population can rapidly increase exponentially, with a very small time constant, known as the prompt neutron lifetime
Criticality_accident
Characterization of nuclide stability
one of its neutrons. In nuclear engineering, a prompt neutron is a neutron immediately emitted by a nuclear fission event. Prompt neutrons emerge from
Valley_of_stability
Kinetic energy of an unbound neutron
The neutron detection temperature, also called the neutron energy, indicates a free neutron's kinetic energy, usually given in electron volts. The term
Neutron_temperature
2001 animated film by John A. Davis
Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius is a 2001 American animated science fiction comedy film directed by John A. Davis and written by Davis, David N. Weiss, J. David
Jimmy_Neutron:_Boy_Genius
Neutron source used in some nuclear weapons
at the optimal moment when the configuration is prompt critical. It is also known as an internal neutron initiator. The initiator is typically placed in
Modulated_neutron_initiator
Induction of radioactivity by neutron radiation
Neutron activation is the process in which neutron radiation induces radioactivity in materials, and occurs when atomic nuclei capture free neutrons, becoming
Neutron_activation
Subatomic particle with no charge
ongoing research into neutron microscopy and neutron/gamma ray tomography. A major use of neutrons is to excite delayed and prompt gamma rays from elements
Neutron
Ionizing radiation that presents as free neutrons
Neutron radiation is a form of ionizing radiation that presents as free neutrons. Typical phenomena are nuclear fission or nuclear fusion causing the release
Neutron_radiation
World's first human-made nuclear reactor
spike in the prompt neutron flux is seen, they have several minutes before this causes a runaway reaction. If a neutron absorber, or neutron poison, is
Chicago_Pile-1
1945–1946 sphere of plutonium
intended to demonstrate how close the core was to criticality, using a neutron-reflective tamper (layer of dense material surrounding the fissile material)
Demon_core
Isotope of uranium
protactinium from further neutron capture before beta decay can occur, to maintain the neutron economy. 233U usually fissions on neutron absorption, but sometimes
Uranium-233
Field of physics dealing with nuclear reactors
a prompt subcritical, delayed critical condition: the prompt neutrons alone are not sufficient to sustain a chain reaction, but the delayed neutrons make
Nuclear_reactor_physics
Measure of neutron interaction likelihood
concept of a neutron cross section is used to express the likelihood of interaction between an incident neutron and a target nucleus. The neutron cross section
Neutron_cross_section
three axis spectroscopy) is a technique used in conjunction with inelastic neutron scattering. The instrument is referred to as triple-axis spectrometer (also
Neutron triple-axis spectrometry
Neutron_triple-axis_spectrometry
Substance that slows down particles with no electric charge
engineering, a neutron moderator is a medium that reduces the speed of fast neutrons, ideally without capturing any, leaving them as thermal neutrons with only
Neutron_moderator
American nuclear recoilless gun
feet (160 m). The shell's greatest effect would have been its extreme prompt neutron radiation which would have killed most of the enemy troops inside that
Davy Crockett (nuclear device)
Davy_Crockett_(nuclear_device)
Form of radioactive decay
complete the prompt emissions. Daughter products created by prompt decays are often unstable against beta-decay, and further photon and neutron emissions
Spontaneous_fission
Study of motions and interactions of neutrons
Neutron transport (also known as neutronics) is the study of the motions and interactions of neutrons with materials. The neutron transport equation models
Neutron_transport
Emergency shutdown of a nuclear reactor
bombardment. Most neutrons in a reactor are prompt neutrons; that is, neutrons produced directly by a fission reaction. These neutrons move at a high velocity
Scram
Technique to investigate atomic structures using neutron scattering
Neutron diffraction or elastic neutron scattering is the application of neutron scattering to the determination of the atomic and/or magnetic structure
Neutron_diffraction
Topics referred to by the same term
nuclear chain reaction is self-sustaining Prompt criticality, the criticality that is achieved with prompt neutrons alone Critical mass, the minimum mass
Criticality
Device for controlled nuclear reactions
single neutrons and split, releasing energy and multiple neutrons, which can induce further fission. Reactors stabilize this, regulating neutron absorbers
Nuclear_reactor
Process of making an image with neutrons
Neutron imaging is the process of making an image with neutrons. The resulting image is based on the neutron attenuation properties of the imaged object
Neutron_imaging
Total distance traveled by neutrons within a volume over a time period
The neutron flux is a scalar quantity used in nuclear physics and nuclear reactor physics. It is the total distance travelled by all free neutrons per
Neutron_flux
Type of nuclear thermal rocket
{\displaystyle I_{\text{sp}}} amplification, only the energy from prompt neutrons, and some prompt gamma energy, is used for this purpose. The rest of the energy
Pulsed_nuclear_thermal_rocket
Indian physicist
July 2010, retrieved 7 November 2010 Ghatak, Ajoy (1964). Non linear prompt neutron kinetics in multigroup diffusion theory (Ph.D. thesis). Cornell University
Ajoy_Ghatak
Neutron scattering technique
Neutron spin echo spectroscopy is an inelastic neutron scattering technique invented by Ferenc Mezei in the 1970s and developed in collaboration with John
Neutron_spin_echo
Accelerator-based neutron source in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, US
Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is an accelerator-based neutron source facility in the U.S. that provides the most intense pulsed neutron beams in the
Spallation_Neutron_Source
First detonation of a nuclear weapon
MeV is released in prompt or initial gamma radiation, 5 MeV in prompt neutron radiation (99.36% of total), 7 MeV in delayed neutron energy (0.64%) and
Trinity_(nuclear_test)
Energy released in nuclear weapons explosions
MeV" is released in prompt or initial gamma radiation, "5 MeV" in prompt neutron radiation (99.36% of total), "7 MeV" in delayed neutron energy (0.64%), and
Nuclear_weapon_yield
Nuclear reactor that killed 3 in 1961
a component designed to absorb neutrons in the reactor's core. This caused the reactor to go from shut down to prompt critical. Within four milliseconds
SL-1
Injection of EM radiation into a solid, resulting in bond breakage
MeV" is released in prompt or initial gamma radiation, "5 MeV" in prompt neutron radiation (99.36% of total), "7 MeV" in delayed neutron energy (0.64%) and
Coulomb_explosion
Physical phenomenon
Neutron scattering, the irregular dispersal of free neutrons by matter, can refer to either the naturally occurring physical process itself or to the man-made
Neutron_scattering
Matter ejection from a target due to projectile impact
spallation neutron is six times lower than that of a neutron gained via nuclear fission. In contrast to nuclear fission, the spallation neutrons cannot trigger
Spallation
Lead-cooled reactor family designed in Russia
a small core operating at higher neutron energies results in a number of issues, related mostly to prompt neutron reactor power excursions which require
BREST_(reactor)
Free neutrons stored in very small traps
Ultracold neutrons (UCN) are free neutrons which can be stored in traps made from certain materials. The storage is based on the reflection of UCN by such
Ultracold_neutrons
transmitted rather than absorbed the neutrons could make the bomb more intensely lethal to humans from prompt neutron radiation. This is one of the features
Effects_of_nuclear_explosions
Nonsurgical treatment for locally invasive malignant tumors
Neutron capture therapy (NCT) is a type of radiotherapy for treating locally invasive malignant tumors such as primary brain tumors, recurrent cancers
Neutron capture therapy of cancer
Neutron_capture_therapy_of_cancer
Material analysis technique
Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is an experimental technique that uses elastic neutron scattering at small scattering angles to investigate the structure
Small-angle neutron scattering
Small-angle_neutron_scattering
Device that achieves nuclear fission without triggering a chain reaction
the fissioning nuclide, a bit under 1% of neutrons aren't released immediately upon fission (prompt neutrons) but rather with fractions of seconds to minutes
Subcritical_reactor
Series of 1950s American nuclear tests
(1 gigacalorie). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine 131 if mentioned
Operation_Plumbbob
Atoms or particles produced by nuclear fission
Reaction". Nuclear Power. "PROMPT AND DELAYED NEUTRONS". nuclearpowertraining.tpub.com. Prompt and Delayed Neutrons The fact the neutron is produced via this
Nuclear_fission_product
Secret laboratory established by the Manhattan Project
Wilson's P-1 (Cyclotron) Group attempted to measure the time it took for prompt neutrons to be emitted from a uranium-235 nucleus when it fissions. They calculated
Project_Y
Neutron tomography is a form of computed tomography involving the production of three-dimensional images by the detection of the absorbance of neutrons
Neutron_tomography
Series of 1950s American nuclear tests
(1 gigacalorie). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned
Operation_Greenhouse
Interferometer using neutron diffraction to make precise measurements
In physics, a neutron interferometer is an interferometer capable of diffracting neutrons, allowing the wave-like nature of neutrons, and other related
Neutron_interferometer
Neutron backscattering is one of several inelastic neutron scattering techniques. Backscattering from monochromator and analyzer crystals is used to achieve
Neutron_backscattering
Research facility in Oxfordshire, England
The ISIS Neutron and Muon Source is a pulsed neutron and muon source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) of the Science and Technology Facilities
ISIS_Neutron_and_Muon_Source
enriched uranyl nitrate was allowed to collect in the drum causing a prompt neutron criticality in the C-1 wing of building 9212 at the Y-12 complex. It
List of military nuclear accidents
List_of_military_nuclear_accidents
Fission-based nuclear weapon
(1 gigacalorie). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned
Gun-type_fission_weapon
Each neutron consists of one up quark and two down quarks. prompt neutron Immediate emission of neutrons after a nuclear fission event. delayed neutron Delayed
Glossary_of_physics
Neutron reflectometry is a neutron diffraction technique for measuring the structure of thin films, similar to the often complementary techniques of X-ray
Neutron_reflectometry
Physics research institute in Russia
synchrophasotron (4 GeV). The site has a neutron fast-pulse reactor (1,500MW pulse) with nineteen associated instruments receiving neutron beams. The Joint Institute
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Joint_Institute_for_Nuclear_Research
Series of 1950s US nuclear tests
(1 gigacalorie). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned
Operation_Ivy
Series of 1950s US nuclear tests
(1 gigacalorie). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned
Operation_Castle
(1 gigacalorie). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned
1949–51_Soviet_nuclear_tests
Series of French nuclear tests
(1 gigacalorie). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned
1966–70_French_nuclear_tests
Series of 1950s US nuclear tests
(1 gigacalorie). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned
Operation_Tumbler–Snapper
Series of 1990s US nuclear tests
(1 gigacalorie). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned
Operation_Julin
Series of 1960s US high-altitude nuclear tests
(1 gigacalorie). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned
Operation_Fishbowl
A neutron research facility is most commonly a big laboratory operating a large-scale neutron source that provides thermal neutrons to a suite of research
Neutron_research_facility
1955 U.S. nuclear test
(1 gigacalorie). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned
Operation_Wigwam
Series of 1950s US nuclear tests
(1 gigacalorie). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned
Operation_Redwing
American physicist (1921–1945)
that brick caused the reaction to go immediately into the prompt critical region of neutronic behavior. This resulted in a criticality accident. Daghlian
Harry_Daghlian
Nuclear reaction between an electron antineutrino and proton
is the antineutrino kinetic energy. After the prompt positron annihilation, the neutron undergoes neutron capture on an element in the detector, producing
Inverse_beta_decay
Series of 1950s US nuclear tests
(1 gigacalorie). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned
Operation_Buster–Jangle
Upper bound to the mass of cold, nonrotating neutron stars
limit (or TOV limit) is an upper bound to the mass of cold, non-rotating neutron stars, analogous to the Chandrasekhar limit for white dwarf stars. Stars
Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit
Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff_limit
(1 gigacalorie). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned
1953_Soviet_nuclear_tests
Series of 1950s US nuclear tests
(1 gigacalorie). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned
Operation_Upshot–Knothole
Series of 1970s US nuclear tests
(1 gigacalorie). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned
Operation_Emery
Canadian third generation nuclear reactor design
design, including on-power refueling with the CANFLEX fuel; a long prompt neutron lifetime; small reactivity holdup; two fast, independent, safety shutdown
Advanced_CANDU_reactor
Highly-polished material in particle physics
A neutron supermirror is a highly polished, layered material used to reflect neutron beams. Supermirrors are a special case of multi-layer neutron reflectors
Neutron_supermirror
Series of 1950s US nuclear tests
gigajoules (1,162 kWh). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned
Operation_Argus
Series of 1970s US nuclear tests
(1 gigacalorie). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned
Operation_Arbor
State of a nuclear reactor with fission slowed or halted
an excess of neutron poisons in the reactor vessel. Neutron poisons are chemical byproducts of the nuclear reaction which absorb neutrons, lowering reactivity
Shutdown_(nuclear_reactor)
fission weapons that use nuclear fusion reactions to generate high-energy neutrons that accelerate the fission chain reaction and increase its efficiency
Nuclear_weapon_design
German nuclear research reactor
The Research Neutron Source Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (Forschungsreaktor München II or FRM II) (German: Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz) is
FRM_II
(1 gigacalorie). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned
List of nuclear weapons tests of India
List_of_nuclear_weapons_tests_of_India
1957 open-air nuclear test at the Nellis Air Force Range in Nevada, United States
(1 gigacalorie). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned
Project_57
1962 US nuclear test series
(1 gigacalorie). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned
Operation_Dominic
Series of 1980s US nuclear tests
(1 gigacalorie). Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned
Operation_Charioteer
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