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Number of times a given event occurs per photon absorbed by a quantum system
In particle physics, the quantum yield (denoted Φ) of a radiation-induced process is the number of times a specific event occurs per photon absorbed by
Quantum_yield
Emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light
possible fluorescence quantum yield is 1.0 (100%); each photon absorbed results in a photon emitted. Compounds with quantum yields of 0.10 are still considered
Fluorescence
Class of light-emitting chemical compounds
determined by the quantum yield. The quantum yield is the number of emitted photons per converted luciferin molecule. A quantum yield of 1 would mean that
Luciferin
Nano-scale semiconductor particles
non-radiative recombination sites at the surface of the quantum dots and improve quantum yield. Inverse type I quantum dots have a semiconductor layer with a smaller
Quantum_dot
Protein that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet light
in the lower green portion of the visible spectrum. The fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of GFP is 0.79. The GFP from the sea pansy (Renilla reniformis)
Green_fluorescent_protein
Type of molecule
a photoswitch is its quantum yield which measures the effectiveness of absorbed light to induce photoisomerization. Quantum yield is modeled and calculated
Photoswitch
Instrument for measuring thermal radiation
well-characterized formation quantum yield and molar absorption coefficient. This allows to calculate formation quantum yield or molar absorption coefficient
Actinometer
Description of physical properties at the atomic and subatomic scale
disciplines, including quantum chemistry, quantum biology, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science. Quantum mechanics can describe
Quantum_mechanics
Monomeric red fluorescent protein
mRFP1 is derived from DsRed and is a monomer so it is smaller, but its quantum yield and photostability are less than that of DsRed. mCherry and other mFruits
MCherry
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
A quantum computer is a computer that represents and processes information using quantum states. Quantum computations exploit phenomena such as superposition
Quantum_computing
Chemical compound
The fluorescence quantum yield of YOYO-1 in water is very small (<0.1%) and thus nonfluorescent. Upon binding to DNA, its quantum yield enhances >1000 fold
YOYO-1
Physical-chemical process
biologically relevant factor. On the other hand, the photoionization quantum yield Φ, that is the number of electrons that are ejected over the number
DNA_photoionization
Form of phototherapy
intersystem crossing and can consequently have a high triplet-state quantum yield. The longer lifetime of this species is sufficient to allow the excited
Photodynamic_therapy
Parent chemical compound of certain fluorescent dyes
at 512 nm), with a fluorescence lifetime of 7.2 ns. Its fluorescence quantum yield is near 1, greater than that of substituted BODIPY dyes and comparable
BODIPY
Type of DNA damage
leading from the oxetane to 64PPs is completed within 4 milliseconds. The quantum yield of the dimerization reaction (Φ), defined as the number of dimers formed
Pyrimidine_dimer
Twenty-first letter in the Greek alphabet
and electric flux in physics, with subscripts distinguishing the two. Quantum yield, the number of times a specific event occurs per photon absorbed by
Phi
Amount of product formed in a reaction
chemistry, yield, also known as reaction yield or chemical yield, refers to the amount of product obtained in a chemical reaction. Yield is one of the
Yield_(chemistry)
Chemical compound
dye. Its luminescence quantum yield is 0.65 in basic ethanol, 0.49 in ethanol, 1.0, and 0.68 in 94% ethanol. The fluorescence yield is temperature dependent;
Rhodamine_B
Type of carbon nanoparticle
quantum dots, a high quantum yield should be achieved. Although a good example of CQDs with ~80% quantum yield was synthesized, most of the quantum dots
Carbon_quantum_dot
Chemical modification
increases reaction yield. Additionally, depending on the leaving group, the presence of a second nitro-group may nearly quadruple the quantum yield (e.g. Φ = 0
Photolabile_protecting_group
Type of dye
photoluminescence quantum yields. In 2020, a famous cyanine dye (TDBC) was reported with enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield (> 50%) in the solution
J-aggregate
Light re-emitted by chlorophyll molecules during return from excited to non-excited states
survival strategies and showed that chlorophyll content and the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II ( F v / F m {\displaystyle F_{v}/F_{m}} ) changed
Chlorophyll_fluorescence
imidazolinone (DFHBI), showed the best selective fluorescence with high quantum yield (0.72) when bound to the RNA sequence 24-2, deemed Spinach. It was determined
Spinach_aptamer
Chemical compound
is tunable around 560 nm when used as a laser dye. Its luminescence quantum yield is 0.90. Chen, L. B. (1988). "Mitochondrial membrane potential in living
Rhodamine_123
Process for the dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen
performance or quantum yield of NaTaO 3:La. However, it can split water without the assistance of co-catalysts and gives a quantum yield of 6.5%, along
Photocatalytic water splitting
Photocatalytic_water_splitting
debated: hypotheses vary from a possible reduction in photosynthetic quantum yield under dense canopy conditions, coupled with an increased metabolic energy
List_of_C4_plants
Biological process to convert light into chemical energy
Genty B, Briantais J, Baker NR (1989). "The relationship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence"
Photosynthesis
Photochemical reaction
tonnes. The quantum yield for the photochlorination of n-heptane is about 7000, for example. In photochlorination plants, the quantum yield is about 100
Photochlorination
Photochemical energy transfer mechanism
the type of donor. The FRET efficiency ( E {\displaystyle E} ) is the quantum yield of the energy-transfer transition, i.e. the probability of energy-transfer
Förster resonance energy transfer
Förster_resonance_energy_transfer
quantum dots have low fluorescence quantum yield due to surface related trap states. CSSNCs address this problem because the shell increases quantum yield
Core–shell semiconductor nanocrystal
Core–shell_semiconductor_nanocrystal
and generally relaxes to trans and cis forms in a 1:1 ratio, thus the quantum yield for E-Z isomerization is very rarely greater than 0.5. 6π electrocyclizations
Diarylethene
Compound analogous to naturally occurring RNA and DNA
fluorescent base analogue, 2-aminopurine (2-AP), has a high-fluorescence quantum yield free in solution (0.68) that is considerably reduced (appr. 100 times
Nucleic_acid_analogue
Medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis
backbones. Because of its relatively constant and well-known fluorescence quantum yield, quinine is used in photochemistry as a common fluorescence standard
Quinine
Calculation rule in quantum mechanics
Born rule is a postulate of quantum mechanics that gives the probability that a measurement of a quantum system will yield a given result. In one commonly
Born_rule
Light energy absorbance and re-emission
phosphorescent quantum yield of a material, which is the fraction of excited electrons which fall into the traps. If the phosphorescence quantum yield of a material
Phosphorescence
Genetic mutant of green fluorescent protein
brightness (defined as the product of the extinction coefficient and quantum yield). Typically, YFP serves as the acceptor for genetically-encoded FRET
Yellow_fluorescent_protein
Notation for conserved quantities in physics and chemistry
In quantum physics and chemistry, quantum numbers are quantities that characterize the possible states of the system. To fully specify the state of the
Quantum_number
Class of dyes
Molecular weight QY: Quantum yield * Depends strongly on viscosity, temperature, and biomolecular interactions. Because they yield brighter and more stable
Cyanine
Loss of quantum coherence
Quantum decoherence is the loss of quantum coherence. It involves generally a loss of information of a system to its environment. Quantum decoherence
Quantum_decoherence
Quantum mechanics thought experiment
Quantum suicide is a thought experiment in quantum mechanics and the philosophy of physics. Purportedly, it can falsify any interpretation of quantum
Quantum suicide and immortality
Quantum_suicide_and_immortality
Sub-discipline of chemistry
molecule is activated for a photochemical reaction, as defined by the quantum yield. When a substance in its ground state (S0) absorbs light, one electron
Photochemistry
Graphene nanoparticle with a size less than 100nm
quantitative pH sensor developed with dicyandiamide N-doped high quantum yield graphene quantum dots". Nanoscale. 6 (7): 3868–3874. Bibcode:2014Nanos...6.3868W
Graphene_quantum_dot
Canadian-born chemist (born 1975)
photoinitiated organic reactions. Furthermore, Yoon was able to perform quantum yield measurements to showcase that three distinct photoredox processes and
Tehshik_Yoon
Quantum states of two qubits
quantum information science, the Bell's states or EPR pairs are specific quantum states of two qubits that represent the simplest examples of quantum
Bell_state
Heat-activated light emission
emitter molecules do not only determine emission color, luminescence quantum yield, emission decay time, etc., but they are crucially responsible for harvesting
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence
Thermally_activated_delayed_fluorescence
Family of fluorescent dyes
coefficients of each member of this line of dyes are known (see table), quantum yields[clarification needed] and life times [clarification needed] are not
Alexa_Fluor
Physico-chemical phenomenon with biochemistry applications
the occurrence of hairpin loops in these systems. The fluorescence quantum yields Φ, that is the number of emitted photons over the number of absorbed
Intrinsic_DNA_fluorescence
Range of light usable for photosynthesis
Bubenheim, D.; Koerner, G.; Bugbee, B. (1993). "Accuracy of quantum sensors measuring yield photon flux and photosynthetic photon flux". HortScience. 28
Photosynthetically active radiation
Photosynthetically_active_radiation
Chemical compound
(blue-green), and an emission maximum of 636 nm (red). After binding DNA, the quantum yield of PI is enhanced 20-30 fold, and the excitation/emission maximum of
Propidium_iodide
Equilibrium chemical composition under a specific kind of electromagnetic irradiation
parameters, the absorbance spectra of the chemical species, and the quantum yields of the reactions. The photostationary state can be very different from
Photostationary_state
Chemical compound
acids. SYBR Gold's superior sensitivity is due to the high fluorescence quantum yield of the dye-nucleic acid complexes (~0.6-0.7) and the dye's large fluorescence
SYBR_Gold
Interaction of a quantum system with a classical observer
In quantum physics, a measurement is the testing or manipulation of a physical system to yield a numerical result. A fundamental feature of quantum theory
Measurement in quantum mechanics
Measurement_in_quantum_mechanics
Chemical compound
laser. The dye has a remarkably high photostability, high fluorescence quantum yield (0.95), low cost, and its lasing range has close proximity to its absorption
Rhodamine_6G
Law of photochemistry
corollary of Kasha's rule is the Vavilov rule, which states that the quantum yield of luminescence is generally independent of the excitation wavelength
Kasha's_rule
Quantum mechanical phenomenon
In physics, quantum tunnelling, barrier penetration, or simply tunnelling is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an object such as an electron or
Quantum_tunnelling
Cryptography secured against quantum computers
Post-quantum cryptography (PQC), sometimes referred to as quantum-proof, quantum-safe, or quantum-resistant, is the development of cryptographic algorithms
Post-quantum_cryptography
Expected value of a quantum measurement
only yield integer values may have a non-integer mean), like the expected value from statistics. It is a fundamental concept in all areas of quantum physics
Expectation value (quantum mechanics)
Expectation_value_(quantum_mechanics)
Technological development using the laws of quantum mechanics
Quantum engineering is the development of technology that capitalizes on the laws of quantum mechanics. This type of engineering uses quantum mechanics
Quantum_engineering
Reversible chemical transformation by absorption of electromagnetic radiation
photochromic compounds include quantum yield, fatigue resistance, and the lifetime of the photostationary state (PSS). The quantum yield of the photochemical reaction
Photochromism
Viewing of objects which are too small to be seen with the naked eye
microscopy, as a high fluorescence quantum yield leads to high fluorescence signals and a low fluorescence quantum yield leads to high photoacoustic signals
Microscopy
found, however, that the chemiluminescence intensity corrected for quantum yield decreases as the singlet excitation energy of the fluorescent molecule
Peroxyoxalate
CO2-1PPM
measurements of F v / F m {\displaystyle F_{v}/F_{m}} and effective quantum yield of photosystem II can indicate whether stress has reduced the efficiency
Plant_stress_measurement
Class of organic molecules
Indolenine-based squaraines combine good photostability including high quantum yields when bound to proteins and reactive versions of these dyes are commonly
Squaraine_dye
Mathematical entity to describe the probability of each possible measurement on a system
In quantum physics, a quantum state is a mathematical entity that represents a physical system. Quantum mechanics specifies the construction, evolution
Quantum_state
Chemical compound
tripyrromethane, these class of compound showed very good fluorescence quantum yield and singlet oxygen producing efficiency Corrin Photodynamic therapy
Chlorin
High-energy detection
transmitted towards the photodetector. Thus, the coating improve the quantum yield of the scintillator, that is, the amount of visible photons that get
Nanophotonic_scintillators
Chemical compound
ground state by emission of a photon or non-radiative relaxation. The quantum yield is 2.8% in air-saturated water at 298 K and the emission maximum wavelength
Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride
Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II)_chloride
Metal-free biologically compatible quantum dots with photoluminescence
prepare silicon quantum dots. However, some solution-based protocols for preparing luminescent silicon quantum dots actually yield carbon quantum dots instead
Silicon_quantum_dot
Non-mathematical introduction
science's original paradigm: the development of quantum mechanics. Many aspects of quantum mechanics yield unexpected results, defying expectations and appearing
Introduction to quantum mechanics
Introduction_to_quantum_mechanics
Organic compound ((CH3)2CO); simplest ketone
(<290 nm), carbon monoxide and methyl radicals are produced in high quantum yield: (CH3)2CO → 2 CH3 + CO At wavelengths >290 nm, the acetyl radical is
Acetone
Semiconductor nanoparticles
intensity and the lower quantum yield of InP they are coated with a material with a larger band gap like ZnS. One application with InP quantum dots coated with
Cadmium-free_quantum_dot
Agents that emit light after excitation by light
given wavelength, to the concentration of fluorophore in solution. Quantum yield: efficiency of the energy transferred from incident light to emitted
Fluorophore
Red food dye from beets
food preservation. Betanin exhibits very weak fluorescence, with a quantum yield typically much lower than 1%. The lifetime of the first excited state
Betanin
Chemical compound
revealed improved FlAsH binding affinity for a CCPGCC motif, and higher quantum yield when the tetracysteine motif is flanked with specific residues (HRWCCPGCCKTF
FlAsH-EDT2
Physical phenomenon
Quantum teleportation is a technique for transferring quantum information from a sender at one location to a receiver some distance away. While teleportation
Quantum_teleportation
Chemical compound
subsequent reactions with triplet oxygen (this also diminishes its quantum yield, which is 0.95 in ethanol but only 0.03 in cyclohexane). "Prodan
Prodan_(dye)
Chemical element with atomic number 83 (Bi)
joints to other parts. Addition of bismuth to caesium enhances the quantum yield of caesium cathodes. Sintering of bismuth and manganese powders at 300 °C
Bismuth
Protein complexes in algae
R-Phycocyanin Absorption maximum (nm) 621 533, 544 Emission maximum (nm) 642 646 Extinction Coefficient (ε) 1.54 × 106 M−1cm−1 - Quantum Yield 0.81 -
Phycocyanin
Green bile pigment
a large extinction coefficient (180,000 M−1 cm−1) and has a modest quantum yield (0.20), which makes it comparable biophysical brightness to eGFP and
Biliverdin
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
particular case of quantum processes described by the theory—for which it yields the same quantum predictions as other interpretations of quantum mechanics. The
De_Broglie–Bohm_theory
Basic circuit in quantum computing
In quantum computing and specifically the quantum circuit model of computation, a quantum logic gate (or simply quantum gate) is a basic quantum circuit
Quantum_logic_gate
Theory of quantum gravity merging quantum mechanics and general relativity
Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a theory of quantum gravity that incorporates matter of the Standard Model into the framework established for the intrinsic
Loop_quantum_gravity
the quantum yield is that all photons are absorbed on the semiconductor surface, and the quantum yield is referred to as the apparent quantum yield. This
Surface properties of transition metal oxides
Surface_properties_of_transition_metal_oxides
Computational benchmark
In quantum computing, quantum supremacy or quantum advantage is the goal of demonstrating that a programmable quantum computer can solve a problem that
Quantum_supremacy
Emission of light as a result of a chemical reaction
should be given off for each molecule of reactant. In practice, the yield ("quantum efficiency") is often low owing to side reactions. Chemiluminescence
Chemiluminescence
Change of a linear protein chain to a 3D structure
properties, but only Tyr and Trp are used experimentally because their quantum yields are high enough to give good fluorescence signals. Both Trp and Tyr
Protein_folding
Phycobiliprotein MW (kDa) Ex (nm) / Em (nm) Quantum yield Molar extinction coefficient (M−1 cm−1) Comment Image R-Phycoerythrin (R-PE) 240 498.546.566 nm
Phycobiliprotein
timeline of quantum computing and communication. Erwin Schrödinger publishes a theorem setting the basis for quantum steering and the limits of quantum state
Timeline of quantum computing and communication
Timeline_of_quantum_computing_and_communication
Chemical compound
while protons are reduced to hydrogen: 2 Eu2+ + 2 H+ → 2 Eu3+ + H2 The quantum yield for hydrogen formation increases with decreasing irradiation wavelength
Europium(II)_perchlorate
Quantum measurement phenomenon
In quantum mechanics, frequent measurements cause the quantum Zeno effect, a reduction in transitions away from the system's initial state, slowing a system's
Quantum_Zeno_effect
Study of chemical compounds containing lanthanide-carbon bonds
efficiency with which the complex emits light after absorbing energy. The quantum yield and lifetime of emission are critical factors in determining the brightness
Organolanthanide_chemistry
Intrinsic quantum property of particles
accurate models for the interaction with spin require relativistic quantum mechanics or quantum field theory. The existence of electron spin angular momentum
Spin_(physics)
Class of boron heterocyclic compounds
orange fluorescence both in solution, with a quantum yield of 47%, and as a thin film, with a quantum yield of 13%. In another example from Durka et al
Diboraanthracene
Non-radiative transfer of an excited electron between molecules
actual magnitude of extinction coefficient nor on the donor fluorescence quantum yield. This difference is an important distinction from the situation for
Dexter_electron_transfer
the measurement of O {\displaystyle O} always yields the same eigenvalue q {\displaystyle q} . Good quantum numbers are often used to label initial and
Good_quantum_number
American bioluminescence scientist
techniques for photon scintillation to make the first measurement of the quantum yield of the firefly light reaction. This was the beginning of his outstanding
Howard_Harold_Seliger
Type of display device
A quantum dot display is a display device that uses quantum dots (QDs), semiconductor nanocrystals which can produce pure monochromatic red, green, and
Quantum_dot_display
Light emission from substances after they absorb photons
semiconductors, photoluminescence from metals is much weaker, with a quantum yield an order of magnitude lower. Nevertheless, metal photoluminescence is
Photoluminescence
Simultaneous absorption of two photons by a molecule
cancer. In this technique, an organic molecule with a good triplet quantum yield is excited so that the triplet state of this molecule interacts with
Two-photon_absorption
Class of semiconductor nanocrystals
nanocrystals possess numerous unique attributes: defect tolerance, high quantum yield, fast rates of radiative decay and narrow emission line width in weak
Perovskite_nanocrystal
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QUANTUM YIELD
QUANTUM YIELD
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English cointe, quointe ‘known’ (via Old French, from Latin cognitus ‘known’). The Middle English word was used in various senses, any of which could have given rise to the surname: ‘cunning’, ‘crafty’, ‘knowledgeable’ (especially about dress, hence ‘elegant’), ‘attractive’. The sense development continued with ‘odd’ or ‘unusual’, the normal meaning of the modern English word ‘quaint’.German and Dutch : variant of Quandt.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from places in Northumberland and Yorkshire named Bilton, from an Old English personal name Billa + Old English tūn ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’. There is also a Bilton in Warwickshire, of which the first element is probably Old English beolone ‘henbane’, but this place does not seem to have yielded any surviving surnames.
Girl/Female
Muslim
A tree which yields An Aroma
Girl/Female
Biblical
Fourth.
Surname or Lastname
English (Sussex)
English (Sussex) : unexplained.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sweet fragrance, The celestial cow, Wish yielding cow
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, derived from the Norman baronial name Cuinchy, a derivative of Roman Quintus, QUINCY means "fifth."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the personal name Horace, Latin Horatius, a Roman family name of unknown origin, associated chiefly with the name of the poet Quintus Horatius Flaccus (65–8 bc).
Surname or Lastname
South German
South German : occupational name for an official in charge of the legal auction of property confiscated in default of a fine; such a sale was known in Middle High German as a gant (from Italian incanto, a derivative of Late Latin inquantare ‘to auction’, from the phrase In quantum? ‘To how much (is the price raised)?’).German : metonymic occupational name for a cooper, from Middle High German ganter, kanter ‘barrel rack’.German : variant of Gander 3.English : occupational name for a glover, from Old French gantier, an agent derivative of gant ‘glove’ (see Gant).
Boy/Male
Latin Biblical
Born fourth.
Boy/Male
Danish, Finnish, French, German, Latin, Shakespearean, Swedish
Born Fifth
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sweet fragrance, The celestial cow, Wish yielding cow
Biblical
fourth
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone living by a pointed hill (or regional name from the Peak District (Old English Pēaclond) in Derbyshire), named with Old English pēac ‘peak’, ‘pointed hill’ (found only in place names). This word is not directly related to Old English pīc ‘point’, ‘pointed hill’, which yielded Pike; there is, however, some evidence of confusion between the two surnames.Possibly also Irish : reduced form of McPeak.Major concentrations of the surname Peak are found in Staffordshire and the West Country of England. Among the earliest known bearers are Richard del Pech or del Pek (d. 1196), son of Rannulf, sheriff of Nottingham, and Willielmus Piec (Winchester 1194). A century later, c.1284, a certain Richard del Peke settled in Denbighshire (now part of Clwyd), Wales, receiving lands from Henry de Lacey, earl of Lincoln, in return for helping to control the region. His descendants, who bear the name Peak(e), can be traced to the present day, and are found in New Zealand and Canada as well as in Britain. Peake is also the name of a family descended from John Pyke, who paid rent to the abbot of Leicester in 1477. The name took various forms, such as Peke and Pick, eventually becoming established as Peak in the 17th century.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sweet fragrance, The celestial cow, Wish yielding cow
Girl/Female
Indian
A tree which yields An Aroma
Girl/Female
Welsh
Fair and yielding.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sowrabha | ஸோவà¯à®°à®ªà®¾Â
Sweet fragrance, The celestial cow, Wish yielding cow
Sowrabha | ஸோவà¯à®°à®ªà®¾Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English biscop, Old English bisc(e)op ‘bishop’, which comes via Latin from Greek episkopos ‘overseer’. The Greek word was adopted early in the Christian era as a title for an overseer of a local community of Christians, and has yielded cognates in every European language: French évêque, Italian vescovo, Spanish obispo, Russian yepiskop, German Bischof, etc. The English surname has probably absorbed at least some of these continental European cognates. The word came to be applied as a surname for a variety of reasons, among them service in the household of a bishop, supposed resemblance in bearing or appearance to a bishop, and selection as the ‘boy bishop’ on St. Nicholas’s Day.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Calm
QUANTUM YIELD
QUANTUM YIELD
QUANTUM YIELD
QUANTUM YIELD
QUANTUM YIELD
QUANTUM YIELD
QUANTUM YIELD
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