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In fiber optic technology, a reference surface is that surface of an optical fiber that is used to contact the transverse-alignment elements of a component
Reference_surface
Reference surface for vertical positions
hydrography and navigation, vertical datum or altimetric datum is a reference coordinate surface used for vertical positions, such as the elevations of Earth-bound
Vertical_datum
Series of personal computers, tablets and interactive whiteboards by Microsoft
models (Surface RT and Surface 2) ran on ARM32, and a select handful of models starting with the Surface Pro X in 2019 run on ARM64. The Surface line has
Microsoft_Surface
System to specify locations on Earth
spatial reference system (SRS) or coordinate reference system (CRS) is a framework used to precisely measure locations on, or relative to, the surface of Earth
Spatial_reference_system
Geographic coordinate specifying north-south position
approximate the geoid by a mathematically simpler reference surface. The simplest choice for the reference surface is a sphere, but the geoid is more accurately
Latitude
Two-dimensional manifold
surfaces arise as graphs of functions of two variables; see the figure at right. However, surfaces can also be defined abstractly, without reference to
Surface_(topology)
Software environment vulnerable to attack
The attack surface of a software environment is the sum of the different points (for "attack vectors") where an unauthorized user (the "attacker") can
Attack_surface
Abstract coordinate system
observational frame of reference centered at a point on the Earth's surface. This frame of reference orbits around the center of the Earth, which introduces the
Frame_of_reference
Concept in classical mechanics
of a rotating reference frame is the surface of the Earth. All non-inertial reference frames exhibit fictitious forces; rotating reference frames are characterized
Rotating_reference_frame
French short range air defense system
short-range air defence (SHORAD) missile system that can be used from vehicles, surface ships, and helicopters, as well as in a portable configuration. The "Mistral"
Mistral_(missile)
Point of reference against which some others are calculated
such as a point, line, plane, hole, set of holes, or pair of surfaces. It serves as a reference in defining the geometry of the object and (often) in measuring
Datum_reference
Body of salt water covering most of Earth
The ocean's surface is an important reference point for oceanography and geography, particularly as mean sea level. The ocean surface has globally little
Ocean
Amount of evaporation
evapotranspiration is calculated at a nearby climatic station on a reference surface, conventionally on land dominated by short grass (though this may
Potential_evapotranspiration
Reference frame for measuring location
geodetic reference datum, geodetic reference system, or geodetic reference frame, or terrestrial reference frame) is a global datum reference or reference frame
Geodetic_datum
Ocean shape without winds and tides
force than the surrounding areas. The geoid in turn serves as a reference coordinate surface for various vertical coordinates, such as orthometric heights
Geoid
Tendency of a liquid surface to shrink to reduce surface area
Surface tension is the energy per unit area due to having a surface in a liquid. It has the dimension of force per unit length, or energy per unit area
Surface_tension
Third planet from the Sun
being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its ocean, which covers
Earth
1986 studio album by Surface
Surface is the debut studio album from the band of the same name. Three years after releasing the midtempo boogie track "Falling in Love" on Salsoul,
Surface_(Surface_album)
Set of points equidistant from a center
A sphere (from Ancient Greek σφαῖρα (sphaîra) 'ball') is a surface analogous to the circle, a curve. In solid geometry, a sphere is the set of points
Sphere
Geometric figure which approximates the Earth's shape
are two types of ellipsoid: mean and reference. A data set which describes the global average of the Earth's surface curvature is called the mean Earth
Earth_ellipsoid
System to specify locations on Earth
Hemispheres. The longitude λ of a point on Earth's surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that
Geographic_coordinate_system
Freshwater rift lake in Russia
larger than Belgium—Lake Baikal is the world's seventh-largest lake by surface area, as well as the second-largest lake in Eurasia after the Caspian Sea
Lake_Baikal
Star at the centre of the Solar System
by nuclear fusion reactions in its core, radiating the energy from its surface mainly as visible light and infrared radiation with 10% at ultraviolet
Sun
Shape of the ocean surface relative to the geoid
Ocean surface topography or sea surface topography, also called ocean dynamic topography, are highs and lows on the ocean surface, similar to the hills
Ocean_surface_topography
Algebraic surface defined by a cubic polynomial
mathematics, a cubic surface is a surface in 3-dimensional space defined by one polynomial equation of degree 3. Cubic surfaces are fundamental examples
Cubic_surface
hyperelliptic surface, or bi-elliptic surface, is a minimal surface whose Albanese morphism is an elliptic fibration without singular fibres. Any such surface can
Hyperelliptic_surface
Type of mining in which the soil/rock above mineral deposits is removed
Surface mining, including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying
Surface_mining
Type of warship
Surface combatants (or surface ships or surface vessels) are a subset of naval warships which are designed for warfare on the surface of the water, with
Surface_combatant
Mathematical idealization of the surface of a body
In mathematics, a surface is a mathematical model of the common concept of a surface. It is a generalization of a plane, but, unlike a plane, it may be
Surface_(mathematics)
Flow of excess rainwater not infiltrating in the ground over its surface
Surface runoff (also known as overland flow or terrestrial runoff) is the unconfined flow of water over the ground surface, in contrast to channel runoff
Surface_runoff
Fundamental concept of classical mechanics
geodesic motion in spacetime. Due to Earth's rotation, its surface is not an inertial frame of reference. The Coriolis effect can deflect certain forms of motion
Inertial_frame_of_reference
Flat surface used as a reference plane
A surface plate is a solid, flat plate used as the main horizontal reference plane for precision inspection, marking out (layout), and tooling setup. The
Surface_plate
Form of carbon
recently (hundreds to tens of million years ago), they were carried to the surface in volcanic eruptions and deposited in igneous rocks known as kimberlites
Diamond
Science of measuring the shape, orientation, and gravity of Earth
("real") surface. The reference ellipsoid, however, has many possible instantiations and is not readily realizable, so it is an abstract surface. The third
Geodesy
Largest dwarf planet
New Horizons, indicating that its surface is less than 10 million years old. Latest studies have shown that the surface has an age of 180000+90000 −40000
Pluto
Upper jaw bone
pyramid-shaped; has an orbital, a nasal, an infratemporal, and a facial surface; contains the maxillary sinus. Four processes: the zygomatic process the
Maxilla
American football player (born 1983)
interception, Rodgers expressed frustration by throwing down a Microsoft Surface tablet. The Packers ended up losing the game 29–37. On December 3, 2015
Aaron_Rodgers
Height of a geographic location above a fixed reference point
fixed reference point, most commonly a reference geoid, a mathematical model of the Earth's sea level as an equipotential gravitational surface (see Geodetic
Elevation
Position along a vertical direction above or below a given vertical datum
plumb line direction) above or below a given vertical datum (a reference level surface, such as mean sea level). Vertical distance or vertical separation
Vertical_position
Annual tennis tournament held in Paris
currently held on this surface. Until 1975, the French Open was the only major tournament not played on grass. Due to the clay surface characteristics favoring
French_Open
Mythical creature in Scottish folklore
Alexander Macdonald of Abriachan sighted "a large stubby-legged animal" surfacing from the loch and propelling itself within 50 yd (46 m) of the shore where
Loch_Ness_Monster
American swimmer (born 1985)
Phelps, Beneath the Surface, p. 85. Phelps, Beneath the Surface, p. 78. Phelps, Beneath the Surface, p. 88. Phelps, Beneath the Surface, p. 92. Phelps, Beneath
Michael_Phelps
Static pressure exerted by the weight of the Earth's atmosphere
on the atmospheric gases above the surface and is a function of the mass of the planet, the radius of the surface, and the amount and composition of the
Atmospheric_pressure
Surface conductivity is an additional conductivity of an electrolyte in the vicinity of the charged interfaces. Surface and volume conductivity of liquids
Surface_conductivity
UK and Irish hydrographic vertical datum
Vertical Offshore Reference Frames (VORF) is a set of high resolution surface models, published and maintained by the UK Hydrographic Office, which together
Vertical Offshore Reference Frames
Vertical_Offshore_Reference_Frames
2024 film by Adam Wingard
King and the powerful, frost-breathing Shimo from invading the Earth's surface. Following the box office and streaming success of Godzilla vs. Kong during
Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire
Godzilla_x_Kong:_The_New_Empire
Large body of salt water
water. The salinity of water bodies varies widely, being lower near the surface and the mouths of large rivers and higher in the depths of the ocean; however
Sea
Hybrid SAM-Gun based CIWS
intercept sea skimming missiles flying as low as two meters above the surface. If a target isn't sufficiently destroyed by Pantsir's missile attack it
Pantsir-M
Setting for pressure altimeters
aircraft above a known reference surface. This reference can be the mean sea level pressure (QNH), the pressure at a nearby surface airport (QFE), or the
Altimeter_setting
American low observable air-launched cruise missile
The AGM-158 Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile (AGM-158 JASSM, colloquially pronounced "jass-em"[citation needed]) is a low detection standoff air-launched
AGM-158_JASSM
Branch of mathematics
geometry. For instance, planes can be studied as a topological surface without reference to distances or angles; it can be studied as an affine space,
Geometry
Force resisting sliding motion
Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding or grinding against each other. Types
Friction
Red supergiant star in the constellation Orion
764 times that of the Sun, if it were at the center of the Solar System, its surface would lie beyond the asteroid belt and it would engulf the orbits of Mercury
Betelgeuse
land surface elevation extremes by region. Elevation is the vertical distance above the reference geoid, an equipotential gravitational surface model
List of elevation extremes by region
List_of_elevation_extremes_by_region
Natural surface created by rock erosion
for different rock types. Rate of rock surface recession can be measured by using reference points or reference planes and measure the distance among those
Erosion_surface
Marine invertebrates of the subphylum Anthozoa
Broadcast-spawned planula larvae develop at the water's surface before descending to seek a hard surface on the benthos to which they can attach and begin a
Coral
Measure of skin area affected by an ailment
(PASI) score, the patient's palm can serve a reference point roughly equivalent to 1% of the body surface area. For children and infants, the Lund and
Total_body_surface_area
Standard surface gravity
The surface gravity, g, of an astronomical object is the gravitational acceleration experienced at its surface at the equator, including the effects of
Surface_gravity
Soviet surface and submarine-launched nuclear cruise missile
cruise missile that is launched either from submarines (SLCM) or from surface ships. It can have a nuclear warhead developed in the Soviet Union. A version
RK-55
process called a geodynamo. The magnitude of Earth's magnetic field at its surface ranges from 25,000 to 65,000 nT (0.25 to 0.65 G). As an approximation,
Earth's_magnetic_field
Collapsed core of a massive star
surface, leaving only light nuclei like helium and hydrogen. If the surface temperature exceeds 106 K (as in the case of a young pulsar), the surface
Neutron_star
Photosynthetic part of a vascular plant
leaves are flattened and have distinct upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in color, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake
Leaf
Altitude above geoid or mean sea level
vertical distance along the plumb line from a point of interest to a reference surface known as the geoid, the vertical datum that approximates mean sea
Orthometric_height
Area of contact between two objects
A bearing surface in mechanical engineering is the area of contact between two objects. It usually is used in reference to bolted joints and bearings
Bearing_surface
Spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus
spores which help the fungus spread across the ground or its occupant surface. Forms deviating from the standard morphology usually have more specific
Mushroom
Cartesian geographic coordinate system
coordinates and height onto a flat surface of a map. The datum, along with a map projection applied to a grid of reference locations, establishes a grid system
Projected_coordinate_system
Visual art using paint
practice of applying paint, pigment, color, or other medium to a solid surface. The medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush. Other implements
Painting
Audible defect generated during the recording or editing of a sound
saturation, hiss, noise, and print-through. It is valid to consider the genuine surface noise such as pops and clicks that are audible when a vintage vinyl recording
Sonic_artifact
1994 American film
The Cool Surface (released in the Philippines as The Playmate) is a 1994 thriller film written and directed by Erik Anjou and starring Robert Patrick
The_Cool_Surface
Attempt by Germany during World War II to cut supply lines to Britain
175 warships were sunk in the Atlantic for the loss of 783 U-boats and 47 German surface warships, including 4 battleships (Bismarck, Scharnhorst, Gneisenau, and
Battle_of_the_Atlantic
Type of field-effect transistor
practical field-effect transistor enabled by Atalla’s earlier work on silicon surface passivation and thermal oxidation—revolutionized electronics and paved
MOSFET
Instrument to measure the weight of an object
of 10%.[citation needed] Because gravity varies by over 0.5% over the surface of the earth, the distinction between force due to gravity and mass is
Weighing_scale
Surveying terminololgy
survey points with reference to a common assumed vertical datum. It is a vertical distance between survey point and adopted datum surface. Thus, it is considered
Reduced_level
Measurement of small-scale features on surfaces
Surface metrology is the measurement and characterization of surface topography, and is a branch of metrology. Surface primary form, surface fractality
Surface_metrology
Conceptual design studies for crewed missions to Mars
support of planning for future human exploration of the Martian surface." The design reference missions are used for technology trade studies, to analyze the
Mars_Design_Reference_Mission
South Korean anti-ship missile
(Haeseong; Korean: 해성, Sea Star) is a ship-launched sea-skimming surface-to-surface anti-ship cruise missile developed by the South Korean Agency for
SSM-700K_C-Star
International prime meridian used for GPS and other systems
0° The IERS Reference Meridian (IRM), also called the International Reference Meridian, is the prime meridian (0° longitude) maintained by the International
IERS_Reference_Meridian
lists land surface elevation extremes by country or dependent territory. Topographic elevation is the vertical distance above the reference geoid, a mathematical
List of elevation extremes by country
List_of_elevation_extremes_by_country
Phenomena related to electric charge
They must also lie parallel to a conductor's surface, since otherwise there would be a force along the surface of the conductor that would move the charge
Electricity
Tablet computer from Microsoft
processor in the Surface Go 3, however the microsoft website does not specify which processor this is in reference to. All options of the Surface Go come with
Surface_Go_4
Largest of the Great Lakes of North America
Wisconsin to the south. It is the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area and the third-largest freshwater lake by volume. It drains into Lake
Lake_Superior
Sea in northern Europe
bottom and surface salinities varies depending on location. Overall it follows the same southwest to east and north pattern as the surface. At the bottom
Baltic_Sea
Size and shape used to model the Earth for geodesy
the entire surface as an oblate spheroid, using spherical harmonics to approximate the geoid, or modeling a region with a best-fit reference ellipsoid
Figure_of_the_Earth
Type of tennis court surface
A hard court or hardcourt is a type of surface or floor on which a sport is played, most usually in reference to tennis courts. It is typically made of
Hard_court
3D computer-generated imagery and measurements of terrain
body has a unique reference surface. New Horizons' Long Range Reconnaissance Imager used stereo photogrammetry to produce partial surface elevation maps
Digital_elevation_model
Large baleen whale species
tubercles on its head. It is known for breaching and other distinctive surface behaviors, making it popular with whale watchers. Males produce a complex
Humpback_whale
NASA probe of the Sun's outer corona
For altitude above the surface, subtract one solar radius ≈0.7 million km. Speeds are given in the heliocentric ecliptic reference frame. Details on Venus
Parker_Solar_Probe
Australian swimmer
possible (as swimmers can swim underwater quicker than they can swim at the surface). At the time, it was illegal for breaststrokers and backstrokers to stay
Scott_Miller_(swimmer)
Topics referred to by the same term
data. Datum reference, in carpentry, metalworking, needlework, geometric dimensioning and tolerancing Vertical datum, reference surface for vertical
Datum_(disambiguation)
Any kind of device or material used on a road surface to convey official information
Road surface marking is any kind of device or material that is used on a road surface in order to convey official information; they are commonly placed
Road_surface_marking
Algebraic surface with special triviality properties
the standard reference book for compact complex surfaces. Bombieri, Enrico; Mumford, David (1976), "Enriques' classification of surfaces in char. p. III
Enriques_surface
Coordinates comprising a distance and two angles
distance r geographers commonly use altitude above or below some local reference surface (vertical datum), which, for example, may be the mean sea level. When
Spherical_coordinate_system
Paste to assist accurate mating of surfaces
The coloured oil is rubbed onto a reference surface, and the workpiece is then rubbed against the coloured reference; the transfer (by contact) of the
Engineer's_blue
Gas layer surrounding Earth
referred to as air) that is retained by gravity, surrounding the Earth's surface. It contains variable quantities of suspended aerosols and particulates
Atmosphere_of_Earth
Type of wetland with peat-rich soil
bog functions as a carbon sink. Bogs occur where the water at the ground surface is acidic and low in nutrients. A bog usually is found at a freshwater
Bog
NASA study
Study Team NASA TP 2001-209371: The Mars Surface Reference Mission: A Description of Human and Robotic Surface Activities Stoffel, Wilhelm, and Wendell
NASA Design Reference Mission 3.0
NASA_Design_Reference_Mission_3.0
Measurement of physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles
description, because they vary in other physical properties such as size, shape, surface properties, crystallinity, and dispersion state. Nanoparticles are characterized
Characterization of nanoparticles
Characterization_of_nanoparticles
Physical quantity
{\displaystyle \Delta p=-\Delta \phi =\rho g\Delta z} The reference point should lie at or below the surface of the liquid. Otherwise, one has to split the integral
Hydrostatic_pressure
Lake on the border of Albania and Montenegro
Ramsar site. Lake Skadar is the largest lake in the Balkan Peninsula with a surface area that seasonally fluctuates between 370 km2 (140 sq mi) and 530 km2
Lake_Skadar
Lizards belonging to the suborder Gekkota
species in the family Eublepharidae, lack eyelids; instead, the outer surface of the eyeball has a transparent membrane, the brille. They have a fixed
Gecko
REFERENCE SURFACE
REFERENCE SURFACE
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Preference
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Nativity.
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Ascension.
Girl/Female
Indian
Inference
Girl/Female
Tamil
Worship, Praise, Reverence
Girl/Female
Indian
Selflessness, Preference
Boy/Male
Muslim
Selflessness, Preference
Boy/Male
Indian
Selflessness, Preference
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Worship; Praise; Reverence
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
First Preference
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Incarnation.
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Nativity.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Selflessness, Preference
Boy/Male
Indian
Reverence, Sanctity
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Incarnation.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Choice, Preference, Selection
Boy/Male
Muslim
Reverence, Sanctity
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
Reverence; Esteem
Girl/Female
Spanish
Reference to the Incarnation.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Inference
REFERENCE SURFACE
REFERENCE SURFACE
Female
Greek
(Δάμαλις) Greek name DAMALIS means "calf."
Girl/Female
Muslim
Devoted, Faithful
Boy/Male
Tamil
Sinthuran | ஸீநà¯à®¤à¯à®°à®£
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord of mountains
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, Danish, English, French, German, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Irish, Italian, Polish, Shakespearean
Gift of God; Given by God; God has Given
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Light of the Lord Sun
Male
Russian
(ÐкиÌм) Russian form of Hebrew Yehoyakim, AKIM means "Jehovah raises up."Â
Boy/Male
Irish
Rich protector.
Girl/Female
American, Arabic, Australian, British, Chinese, Danish, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Indian, Muslim, Swedish, Tamil
Will; Desire; Helmet; God's Protection; Will-helmet; Apple; Protection
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Durlabh
REFERENCE SURFACE
REFERENCE SURFACE
REFERENCE SURFACE
REFERENCE SURFACE
REFERENCE SURFACE
n.
A yielding of judgment or preference from respect to the wishes or opinion of another; submission in opinion; regard; respect; complaisance.
v.
Relation; reference; regard.
n.
One who, or that which, is referred to.
n.
A work, or a passage in a work, to which one is referred.
v. t.
Respect; relation; reference.
imp. & p. p.
of Reverence
n.
One who regards with reverence.
n.
That which refers to something; a specific direction of the attention; as, a reference in a text-book.
n.
Appeal.
v.
Personal reference or application.
n.
Relation; regard; respect.
n.
The process of sending any matter, for inquiry in a cause, to a master or other officer, in order that he may ascertain facts and report to the court.
n.
The act of referring, or the state of being referred; as, reference to a chart for guidance.
n.
That which deserves or exacts manifestations of reverence; reverend character; dignity; state.
n.
The act of Preferring, or the state of being preferred; the setting of one thing before another; precedence; higher estimation; predilection; choice; also, the power or opportunity of choosing; as, to give him his preference.
n.
That which is preferred; the object of choice or superior favor; as, which is your preference?
n.
One of whom inquires can be made as to the integrity, capacity, and the like, of another.
v. t.
To regard or treat with reverence; to regard with respect and affection mingled with fear; to venerate.
n.
Reference; respect; regard.
n.
The act of submitting a matter in dispute to the judgment of one or more persons for decision.