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Frequency at which a display hardware displays a new image
originating with cathode-ray tubes (CRTs), the refresh rate, also known as vertical refresh rate, vertical scan rate or vertical frequency, is the number of
Refresh_rate
Dynamic display refresh rate that can continuously and seamlessly vary on the fly
Variable refresh rate (VRR) refers to a dynamic display that can continuously and seamlessly change its refresh rate without user input. A display supporting
Variable_refresh_rate
Number of frames rendered in one second
capture systems. In these contexts, frame rate may be used interchangeably with frame frequency and refresh rate, which are expressed in hertz (Hz). Additionally
Frame_rate
Visual artifact in video display
device is not synchronized with the display's refresh rate. That can be caused by non-matching refresh rates, and the tear line then moves as the phase difference
Screen_tearing
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up refresh in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Refresh may refer to: Refresh rate, the rate at which a display illuminates Meta refresh, an HTML tag
Refresh
Higher frame rates than typical prior practice
(known as a video field) was recorded and played back/refreshed at once but at twice the rate of what would be allowed for progressive video of the same
High_frame_rate
Concept in the psychophysics of vision
this problem with support for higher refresh rates, from 72 to beyond 300 Hz. However, even if the faster refresh rate is an integer multiple of the source
Flicker_fusion_threshold
Hybrid video game console
resolution (Full HD) and a 120 Hz refresh rate in handheld or tabletop mode, and 4K resolution with a 60 Hz refresh rate when docked, as well as HDR support
Nintendo_Switch_2
Display screen technology
refresh rate aimed at avoiding tearing and reducing stuttering caused by misalignment between the screen's refresh rate and the content's frame rate.
AMD_FreeSync
Digital audiovisual data interface
formats such as Dolby Atmos and DTS:X Enhanced refresh rate and latency reduction features: Variable Refresh Rate (VRR) reduces or eliminates lag, stutter and
HDMI
2024 flagship smartphones by Samsung Electronics
optical in-screen fingerprint sensor. The S24 series uses a variable refresh rate display with a range of 1 Hz or 24 Hz to 120 Hz, except the S24 FE which
Samsung_Galaxy_S24
Irregular frame delivery causing perceived stutter despite adequate average frame rates
graphics API for the first time. Variable refresh rate (VRR) display technologies allow a monitor's refresh rate to change to match the GPU's frame output
Micro_stuttering
Mid-range series of smartphones by Samsung Electronics
include: reintroduction of Super AMOLED display for the A2x series, 120 Hz refresh rate for the A3x series, 1080p display for the A1x Series reintroduction of
Samsung_Galaxy_A_series
Handheld gaming computer by ASUS
variable refresh rate. Use of an OLED screen was considered, but rejected because of concerns for power draw when combined with variable refresh rate. The
ROG_Xbox_Ally
Type of computer memory
require a staggered refresh rate of one row every 7.8 μs, which is 64 ms divided by 8,192 rows. A few real-time systems refresh a portion of memory at
Dynamic_random-access_memory
Electronic moving image
dissemination worldwide. Video systems vary in display resolution, aspect ratio, refresh rate, color reproduction, and other qualities. Both analog and digital video
Video
Digital display interface
doubling of the data rate to 17.28 Gbit/s in High Bit Rate 2 (HBR2) mode, which allows increased resolutions, higher refresh rates, and greater color depth
DisplayPort
Process for preserving information in DRAM
Memory refresh is a process of periodically reading information from an area of computer memory and immediately rewriting the read information to the
Memory_refresh
2026 foldable smartphone developed by Google
a 1-120 Hz refresh rate, and a slightly shorter FHD+ resolution. The internal folding display is still 8.0" with a 120Hz LTPO refresh rate. Both displays
Pixel_11_Pro_Fold
Series of GPUs by Nvidia
UHBR20 (80Gbps) with higher display output data rates to support high resolution and high refresh rate displays. The GeForce 40 series received criticism
GeForce_RTX_50_series
Vacuum tube used to display images
The vertical frequency varies according to the refresh rate of the CRT. So a CRT with a 60 Hz refresh rate has a vertical deflection circuit running at
Cathode_ray_tube
Flicker reduction of video display, often by frame doubling
to video displays, primarily cathode-ray tubes, operating at a high refresh rate to reduce or eliminate the perception of screen flicker. For standard-definition
Flicker-free
Nvidia microarchitecture
API) Technologies Nvidia 3D Vision (stereo 3D) Nvidia G-Sync (variable refresh rate) Nvidia Optimus (GPU switching) Nvidia Surround (multi-monitor) MXM (module/socket)
Rubin_(microarchitecture)
2025 Android smartphones manufactured by Samsung Electronics
apart are the refresh rates: 90 Hz refresh rate for the LTE variants (an upgrade from the A06 LTE, which only had 60 Hz) and 120 Hz refresh rate for the 5G
Samsung_Galaxy_A07
GPU microarchitecture designed by Nvidia
API) Technologies Nvidia 3D Vision (stereo 3D) Nvidia G-Sync (variable refresh rate) Nvidia Optimus (GPU switching) Nvidia Surround (multi-monitor) MXM (module/socket)
Blackwell_(microarchitecture)
2023 flagship tablets by Samsung Electronics
notable differences include using LCD screens of lower resolutions and refresh rate, a mid-range Exynos 1380 chipset, two speakers, a slower USB 2.0 port
Samsung_Galaxy_Tab_S9
2025 smartphone by Apple
Retina XDR OLED display with 3000 nits peak brightness and a dynamic refresh rate of up to 120 Hz. The display has a resolution of 2736×1260 at 460 pixels
IPhone_Air
Color improvement in liquid-crystal displays
statically (for reference) and by rapidly alternating. A display with a refresh rate of at least 60hz is recommended for this video. Pausing the video shows
Frame_rate_control
List of Windows 11 operating system versions
wide-color gamut monitors by reading DisplayID data Added support of Variable Refresh Rate (VRR) by reading DisplayID data The second component update to Windows
Windows_11_version_history
2025 flagship smartphones by Samsung Electronics
AMOLED 2X display across all models with HDR10+ support and a 120 Hz refresh rate, reaching up to 2600 nits. Each device also includes an ultrasonic in-screen
Samsung_Galaxy_S25
Commonly used display resolutions
these terms usually include further specifications such as the image refresh rate and the color depth. The resolution itself only indicates the number
Display_resolution_standards
Adaptive synchronization technology
eliminates screen tearing by allowing a video display's refresh rate to adapt to the frame rate of the outputting device (graphics card/integrated graphics)
Nvidia_G-Sync
Smartphone model
April 2025 as part of the iQOO Z series. The device features a high-refresh-rate AMOLED display, a large-capacity battery, and 5G connectivity. The iQOO
IQOO_Z10
Home video game consoles
rendering using machine learning (Auto HDR), support for HDMI 2.1 variable refresh rate and low-latency modes, and updated controllers. Xbox Series X was designed
Xbox_Series_X_and_Series_S
device may offer a means to disable high refresh rates, or be configured to automatically reduce the refresh rate when there is low on-screen motion. An
History_of_smartphones
2023 foldable smartphone developed by Google
interior screen has slim black bezels. Both displays have a 120 Hz variable refresh rate, while the phone's battery size of 4821 mAh is the largest amongst foldables
Pixel_Fold
Gaming-focused smartphone manufacturer
2020 was one of the first smartphones in the world to have a 144 Hz refresh rate display, an internal cooling fan and 5G connectivity. The subsequent
Redmagic
Specification of display attributes
of aspect ratio, display size, display resolution, color depth, and refresh rate. They are associated with specific expansion cards, video connectors
List of computer display standards
List_of_computer_display_standards
Computer-simulated experience
displays have a refresh rate of 60 Hz, which adds about 15ms of additional latency. The number is reduced to less than 7ms if the refresh rate is increased
Virtual_reality
2026 flagship smartphones by Samsung Electronics
AMOLED 2X display across all models with HDR10+ support and a 120 Hz refresh rate, reaching up to 2600 nits. Each device also includes an ultrasonic in-screen
Samsung_Galaxy_S26
2023 Android smartphone by Samsung
The LTE model comes in a basic 60 Hz refresh rate screen, while the 5G model screen comes with a 90 Hz refresh rate screen. Both phones come with the same
Samsung_Galaxy_A14
2026 Android smartphone by Google
higher peak brightness at 3000 nits, but the same resolution and 120 Hz refresh rate. The bezels are nearly 10% thinner, although visually, it looks identical
Pixel_10a
2025 Android smartphone developed by Google
6.3" Actua Display with a FHD+ 1080p resolution and a 120 Hz maximum refresh rate, however the display has a greater peak brightness of 3000 nits. A more
Pixel_10
2023 flagship smartphones by Samsung Electronics
similar hardware in a larger 6.6-inch (168 mm) form factor, faster charging rate and larger battery capacity. At the top of the lineup, the Galaxy S23 Ultra
Samsung_Galaxy_S23
Virtual reality headset
internal specifications, a display with a higher per-eye resolution and refresh rate, and updated Oculus Touch controllers with improved battery life. As
Quest_2
2024 smartphone by Apple
iPhone 16 Plus has a resolution of 2796×1290 pixels. Both run on a 60 Hz refresh rate and neither are flicker free due to the use of pulse-width modulation
IPhone_16
2023 Android smartphones developed by Google
aspect ratio. The Pixel 8 has a variable refresh rate of 60–120 Hz, while the Pixel 8 Pro has variable refresh rate of 1–120 Hz. Both phones contain a wide
Pixel_8
2024 Intel product line
GPU added HDMI 2.1 FRL 48 Gbit/s (also in Meteor Lake) and variable refresh rate (VRR) support. CU-DIMM DDR5 memory support was added and is needed for
Arrow_Lake_(microprocessor)
2020 flagship smartphones by Samsung Electronics
first Galaxy smartphone lineup with all models having a 120 Hz high refresh rate display, an upgrade from the previous 60 Hz. Its telephoto camera zoom
Samsung_Galaxy_S20
Mixed reality headset by Apple
display rendering, extended battery life, and support for up to 120 Hz refresh rates. The updated model also introduced the Dual Knit Band, a redesigned
Apple_Vision_Pro
Technique for driving a multiplexed display
driving the current directly with the typically much weaker I/O pin alone. Refresh rate is not a problem if Charlieplexed Active matrix addressing is used with
Charlieplexing
Diode that emits light from an organic compound
refresh rates without physical cabling. The W6 series also includes support for multichannel audio and gaming features, such as variable refresh rate
OLED
Android-based Chinese smartphones
configurations. The base Spark 40 features a 6.67-inch HD+ IPS LCD with a 120 Hz refresh rate. It supports Wi-fi Display, which projects content from a mobile to another
Tecno_Spark_40
Nvidia microarchitecture
API) Technologies Nvidia 3D Vision (stereo 3D) Nvidia G-Sync (variable refresh rate) Nvidia Optimus (GPU switching) Nvidia Surround (multi-monitor) MXM (module/socket)
Feynman_(microarchitecture)
Virtual reality headset
per eye, and supports a refresh rate of up to 90 Hz, and provides an approximate field of view of 105 degrees. The refresh rate defaults to 72Hz, but can
PICO_4
2025 smartphone by Apple
resolution of 2622 × 1206 at 460 pixels per inch. It supports a dynamic refresh rate of up to 120 Hz through ProMotion, the first time the technology was
IPhone_17
2024 flagship tablets by Samsung Electronics
respectively) and the same panel type (Dynamic AMOLED 2X display with 120 Hz refresh rate) from its predecessors, the Galaxy Tab S9+ and Tab S9 Ultra. The only
Samsung_Galaxy_Tab_S10
Arm-based system-on-chip by Nvidia
are connected using Nvidia's NVLink-C2C chip-to-chip interconnect. Nvidia rates the platform at up to one petaflop of FP4 AI performance, with support for
Nvidia_RTX_Spark
Products by Chinese company
on 4 November 2020. It has a 6.5" FHD+ IPS display running at a 90 Hz refresh rate. Oppo K7x uses an octa-core, 2.0 GHz, 7 nm Dimensity 720 processor. The
List_of_Oppo_products
2025 foldable smartphone developed by Google
6.4" Actua Display have a peak brightness of 3000 nits, and a 120Hz refresh rate, although the internal display uses an LTPO display. The camera configuration
Pixel_10_Pro_Fold
Display that uses the light-modulating properties of liquid crystals
frames, so LCD monitors exhibit no refresh-induced flicker no matter how low the refresh rate. But a lower refresh rate can mean visual artefacts like ghosting
Liquid-crystal_display
Computer output device
display High frame rate History of display technology Liquid-crystal display Monochrome monitor Multi-monitor Variable refresh rate Vector monitor Virtual
Computer_monitor
Tablet computer developed by Apple (2022–2025)
speeds, with support for external displays at 1080p resolution at a refresh rate of 60 Hz, or 2160p at 30 Hz. The tenth-generation iPad does not include
IPad_(10th_generation)
20:9 screen with a 90 Hz refresh rate, while the 8 Pro has a larger 6.78-inch 1440p 19.8:9 screen with a 120 Hz refresh rate. The 8 Pro is one of the
List_of_OnePlus_products
File format
704 × 576) [or 360 × 288 active pixels (half of PAL 720 × 576)] and a refresh rate of 25 frames per second. 525/59.94 SIF Format (NTSC) has a resolution
Source_Input_Format
Line of laptop computers by Apple
bezels and an iPhone-like notch, ProMotion supporting a 120Hz variable refresh rate, a 1080p webcam, Wi-Fi 6, 3 Thunderbolt 4 ports, a six-speaker sound
MacBook
2024/2025 Chinese Smartphone Series By OPPO
Pro and X8 Ultra all feature a flat display. All models are IP68 and IP69 rated for high-level dust and water resistance. The Find X8 has a 6.59-inch display
Oppo_Find_X8
Line of laptops by Apple since 2020
Nano-texture configuration No Refresh Rate Minimum 60 Hz Maximum 60 Hz ProMotion Display No Supported Fixed Refresh Rate —N/a Brightness and Contrast SDR
MacBook_Air_(Apple_silicon)
American electrical engineer (born 1959)
API) Technologies Nvidia 3D Vision (stereo 3D) Nvidia G-Sync (variable refresh rate) Nvidia Optimus (GPU switching) Nvidia Surround (multi-monitor) MXM (module/socket)
Chris_Malachowsky
2025 Android smartphone manufactured by Nothing
1224 × 2720 pixel resolution and a 20:9 aspect ratio with a variable refresh rate range of 30 Hz – 120 Hz, while the Phone (4a) Pro has a 6.83–inch flexible
Nothing_Phone_4a/4a_Pro
2026 foldable smartphone by Samsung Electronics
and a pixel density of approximately 397 ppi. It supports a variable refresh rate from 1 to 120 Hz, enabling adaptive performance based on content type
Samsung_Galaxy_Z_Flip_8
Video or display resolutions with a width of around 16,000 pixels
target for their future graphics cards to support 16K resolution with a refresh rate of 240 Hz for "true immersion" in VR. Linus Tech Tips released a series
16K_resolution
2023 smartphone by Apple
resolution of 2556×1179 pixels and a pixel density of about 460 PPI with a refresh rate of 60 Hz. The iPhone 15 Plus features a 6.7-inch (170 mm) display with
IPhone_15
2024 smartphone by Apple
2622 × 1206 (Pro) and 2868 × 1320 (Pro Max) resolution. Both include a dynamic refresh rate of up to 120 Hz, HDR10, with 1000 nits brightness typical and 2000 nits
IPhone_16_Pro
Image upscaling technology by Nvidia
this higher resolution. This allows for higher graphical settings or frame rates for a given output resolution, depending on user preference. All generations
Deep_Learning_Super_Sampling
2023 Android smartphone developed by Google
features a 6.1-inch 1080p OLED display with HDR support and a 90 Hz refresh rate. The display has a 20:9 aspect ratio, and a circular cutout in the upper
Pixel_7a
Development platform for rendering graphics
API) Technologies Nvidia 3D Vision (stereo 3D) Nvidia G-Sync (variable refresh rate) Nvidia Optimus (GPU switching) Nvidia Surround (multi-monitor) MXM (module/socket)
Nvidia_RTX
2022 smartphone by Apple
while watching HDR videos, and 2,000 nits outdoors. The display has a refresh rate of 120 Hz and uses LTPO technology. The iPhone 14 Pro has a resolution
IPhone_14_Pro
American multinational technology company
biggest stock markets as London Stock Exchange chief promises reform to refresh U.K.'s 'ambition'". Fortune. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024
Nvidia
Tablet computer developed by Apple released in 2025
(280 mm) 2360 × 1640 px (264 ppi), 500 nits max brightness (typical), 60 Hz refresh rate Graphics Apple-designed quad core Sound Stereo Camera Front: 12 MP, 1080p
IPad_(11th_generation)
Virtual reality headset family
two OLED display panels with a resolution of 1080×1200 per-eye, with a refresh rate of 90 Hz and a 110 degree field of view. It contains a accelerometer
HTC_Vive
2025 foldable smartphone by Samsung Electronics
and a pixel density of approximately 397 ppi. It supports a variable refresh rate from 1 to 120 Hz, enabling adaptive performance based on content type
Samsung_Galaxy_Z_Flip_7
2023 Android-based smartphones manufactured by Samsung
display, it also had a resolution of 1080 × 2340 pixels, with a maximum refresh rate of 90 Hz. The A15 (LTE/5G) are equipped with a 5000 mAh battery (the
Samsung_Galaxy_A15
Computer display standard and resolution
refresh rate, or 224 to 256, or 448 to 512 lines (including 240 or 480-line) at 60 Hz refresh rate 512 to 600 lines at reduced vertical refresh rates
Video_Graphics_Array
Home media streaming device from Apple
retaining the Apple logo. It supports HDMI 2.1 QMS that allows a change of refresh rate without a blank screen interruption. tvOS 18.2 added support for variable
Apple_TV_(device)
Android smartphones
67-inch P-OLED display with a resolution of 1220 × 2712 pixels, a 120 Hz refresh rate, HDR10+ support, and up to 4,500 nits of peak brightness. The device
Motorola_Edge_60_series
2007 smartphone by Apple
was the first mobile phone with multi-touch technology. The screen's refresh rate is 60 Hz. The rear camera on the iPhone has a resolution of 2 megapixels
IPhone_(1st_generation)
Flagship & high-end series of smartphones
Edition, intended for military use. The Galaxy S20 series featured 120 Hz refresh rate displays with 20:9 aspect ratio. The S20 series are the first Samsung
Samsung_Galaxy_S_series
Taiwanese and American businessman (born 1963)
API) Technologies Nvidia 3D Vision (stereo 3D) Nvidia G-Sync (variable refresh rate) Nvidia Optimus (GPU switching) Nvidia Surround (multi-monitor) MXM (module/socket)
Jensen_Huang
Open-source runtime for autonomous AI agents
API) Technologies Nvidia 3D Vision (stereo 3D) Nvidia G-Sync (variable refresh rate) Nvidia Optimus (GPU switching) Nvidia Surround (multi-monitor) MXM (module/socket)
Nvidia_OpenShell
Current line of high-end notebook computers by Apple
Mini LED Liquid Retina XDR display with ProMotion supporting variable refresh rates up to 120 Hz, thinner display bezels and a 1080p FaceTime webcam housed
MacBook_Pro_(Apple_silicon)
2025 flagship tablets by Samsung Electronics
resolution (1848 x 2960), panel type (Dynamic AMOLED 2X display with 120 Hz refresh rate), and its anti-reflective coating from its predecessor, Galaxy Tab S10
Samsung_Galaxy_Tab_S11
2021 mid-range smartphone by Samsung Electronics
display refresh rate differs on all models: the LTE variant has a 90 Hz refresh rate while the 5G/5G "s" variant have a 120 Hz refresh rate. All variants
Samsung_Galaxy_A52
2024 Android smartphones developed by Google
(20:9) 60–120 Hz refresh rate Pixel 9 Pro: 6.3 in (161 mm) FHD+ 1080p LTPO OLED at 495 ppi 2856 × 1280 px (20:9) 1–120 Hz refresh rate Pixel 9 Pro XL:
Pixel_9
Line of Apple tablet computers (2015–present)
(250 mm) model, while the 12.9-inch (330 mm) version was refreshed. Both sizes employed refresh rates up to 120 Hz, better HDR, and True Tone white balancing
IPad_Pro
2019 Android smartphones designed by Google
display manufactured by Samsung with HDR support, that operates at a refresh rate of up to 90 Hz; it dynamically adjusts depending on content to preserve
Pixel_4
2026 tablets by Samsung Electronics
Dynamic AMOLED 2X panel with a resolution of 1752 × 2800 and a 120 Hz refresh rate), while the Tab S12 Ultra also uses the same panel specifications from
Samsung_Galaxy_Tab_S12
Family of artificial intelligence models developed by Nvidia
API) Technologies Nvidia 3D Vision (stereo 3D) Nvidia G-Sync (variable refresh rate) Nvidia Optimus (GPU switching) Nvidia Surround (multi-monitor) MXM (module/socket)
Nemotron
2025 smartphone model
Xperia 10 VI, and a 6.1-inch LTPS FHD+ OLED screen, now with 120 Hz high refresh rate support with a 19.5:9 aspect ratio instead of its predecessor's 21:9
Sony_Xperia_10_VII
Method of displaying stereoscopic 3D imagery
alternately block one eye, and then the other, in synchronization with the refresh rate of the screen. The timing synchronization to the video equipment may
Active_shutter_3D_system
travel, tourism, insurance
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