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Philosophical argument against vegetarianism
The replaceability argument, or the logic of the larder, is a philosophical argument against vegetarianism. It holds that consuming animal products can
Replaceability_argument
Topics referred to by the same term
Replaceable or Replaceability may refer to: Replaceability (technology), the concept of interchangeable parts Replaceable parameter (DOS), in batch files
Replaceable
Experimental surgery
but many decried his use of animals in his experiments. Some of these arguments came from a religious standpoint. Some were concerned that Ferrier's experiments
Vivisection
English philosopher and jurist (1748–1832)
in 1978, the abstract stated that Bentham's essay was the "first known argument for homosexual law reform in England". Bentham's writings in the early
Jeremy_Bentham
Irish actress and activist (born 1991)
with The Telegraph in 2023, Lynch stated compassion for both sides of the argument, "I know what it was like to be a teenager who hated my body so much I
Evanna_Lynch
Ability to experience feelings and sensations
declaration goes beyond pure scientific description to make an ethical argument: that where a realistic possibility of conscious experience exists, it
Sentience
1914 book by Henry S. Salt
phrase "logic of the larder" has been used in discussions of the replaceability argument, the view that farmed animals can benefit from being bred for food
The_Humanities_of_Diet
Australian moral philosopher (born 1946)
influence on leaders of the modern animal liberation movement. The central argument of the book is an expansion of the utilitarian concept that "the greatest
Peter_Singer
Non-usage of animal products
meat" position). A common argument used while advocating for ethical veganism is the argument from marginal cases. The argument presents the idea that if
Veganism
German philosopher (1788–1860)
cowards, and base things sire base" (IV, 2) to reinforce his hereditarian argument. Mechanistically, Schopenhauer believed that a person inherits his intellect
Arthur_Schopenhauer
Copyright dispute involving Celebes crested macaques
contributions to the monkey selfie photographs that would make the public domain argument moot. Slater told the BBC, "I became accepted as part of the troop, they
Monkey selfie copyright dispute
Monkey_selfie_copyright_dispute
American philosopher and academic (born 1947)
Plato's Symposium and his interactions with Socrates as evidence for her argument. The debate continued with a reply by one of her sternest critics, Robert
Martha_Nussbaum
thinkers, such as the cognitive scientist Douglas Hofstadter, dismiss this argument as incoherent. Several psychologists and ethologists have argued for the
Animal_consciousness
Food ethics topic
Non-aggression principle Psychology of eating meat Problem of other minds Replaceability argument Sustainable diet American Dietetic Association (2009). "Position
Ethics_of_eating_meat
Worldview that humans are the most important beings
controversial, viewing it as possibly a mistranslation from the Hebrew. However an argument can be made that the Bible actually places all the importance on God as
Anthropocentrism
Philosophical term on species treatment
as hunting for sport and killing animals for food. He developed these arguments in 1857 in an unpublished paper, "Animal Psychology", read to the Pundit
Speciesism
Philosophical aim of minimizing suffering
is shown by an argument sketched by McMahan, on the basis of an argument originally put forward by Richard Sikora (1978). This argument turns on the observation
Negative_utilitarianism
2018 Australian film
Veganism, Climate Change, and the Rhetoric of Cowspiracy". Veg(etari)an Arguments in Culture, History, and Practice. The Palgrave Macmillan Animal Ethics
Dominion_(2018_film)
Study of correct reasoning
arguments alone, independent of their topic and content. Informal logic is associated with informal fallacies, critical thinking, and argumentation theory
Logic
Process of segregating organisms in biology
when biodiversity is threatened. However, the protection of biodiversity argument has been questioned by some animal rights advocates who point out that
Culling
3rd-century treatise on vegetarianism by Porphyry
philosopher Daniel Dombrowski, in De abstinentia Porphyry originated the argument from marginal cases, that is, that if animals are not afforded moral status
On Abstinence from Eating Animals
On_Abstinence_from_Eating_Animals
Ancient Indian principle of nonviolence
present various arguments to substantiate their viewpoints. Moreover, a hunter defends his profession in a long discourse. Many of the arguments proposed in
Ahimsa
Thought experiment on artificial intelligence
The Chinese room argument holds that a computer executing a program cannot have a mind, understanding, or consciousness, regardless of how intelligently
Chinese_room
Worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur
position that cautioned against easy simplifications, White advanced a simple argument against formalism: "Life was not a business, and such simplifications only
Fur_trade
Pain, mental, or emotional unhappiness
use a victim's suffering as an argument against the accused; an accused's or defendant's suffering may be an argument in their favor; authorities at times
Suffering
British Vegan Documentary Film
associated with adopting a vegan diet. The documentary explores common arguments individuals make for why "[they] could never go vegan." Through a series
I_Could_Never_Go_Vegan
Criminal proceedings against animals
successfully defended the rats of Autun through various largely procedural arguments. He won an extension for the rats (who had failed to honour a summons
Animal_trial
English philosopher and author (1806–1873)
improvement. If any argument is really wrong or harmful, the public will judge it as wrong or harmful, and then those arguments cannot be sustained and
John_Stuart_Mill
Philosophical argument for animal rights
The argument from marginal cases (also known as the argument from species overlap) is a philosophical argument within animal rights theory regarding the
Argument_from_marginal_cases
problem when assessing the capacity of other species to experience pain, argument by analogy is sometimes used. Crustaceans fulfill several criteria proposed
Pain_in_crustaceans
Consideration of predation as a moral problem
The predation problem or predation argument concerns whether the harms experienced by animals through predation should be treated as a moral problem, and
Predation_problem
Method of animal husbandry
routine use of vaccines and antibiotics to manage disease. The new system replaced the mixed outdoor and barnyard operations that had previously dominated
Intensive_pig_farming
English philosopher (1919–2018)
doctoral training is that, while it "shows you how to deal with difficult arguments", it does not "help you to grasp the big questions that provide its context
Mary_Midgley
Argument raised against consequentialist ethical theories
The demandingness objection is a common argument raised against utilitarianism and other consequentialist ethical theories. It suggests that the consequentialist
Demandingness_objection
1975 book by Peter Singer
Animal Liberation, saying that they "contain little or no philosophical argument. They derive their radical moral conclusions from a vacuous utilitarianism
Animal_Liberation_(book)
problem when assessing the capacity of other species to experience pain, argument-by-analogy is used. This is based on the principle that if an animal responds
Pain_in_animals
Social movement for animal consideration
use in the research, food, clothing, and entertainment industries. The argument from marginal cases is often used in animal rights advocacy which asserts
Animal_rights_movement
Irish philosopher (1694–1746)
the Scottish school of common sense. Hutcheson also developed an early argument for animal rights, contending that sentient creatures deserve moral consideration
Francis Hutcheson (philosopher)
Francis_Hutcheson_(philosopher)
Ethical theory based on maximizing well-being
existing beings and replace them with happier beings if possible. Consequently, Knutsson argues: The world destruction argument is not a reason to reject
Utilitarianism
British transhumanist philosopher (born 1959)
"hedonistic transhumanism", based on his idea of "paradise engineering" and his argument that the abolition of suffering—which he calls the "abolitionist project"—is
David_Pearce_(philosopher)
1999 novella by John Coetzee
but animal rights, just as Coetzee does. In having Costello deliver the arguments within his lectures, Coetzee plays with form and content, and leaves ambiguous
The_Lives_of_Animals
history. Initially, this was based around theoretical and philosophical argument, but more recently has turned to scientific investigation. The idea that
Pain_in_fish
Opposition to all animal use by humans
through political advocacy, without using the environmental or health arguments. Abolitionists such as Steven Best and David Nibert argue, respectively
Abolitionism_(animal_rights)
problem when assessing the capacity of other species to experience pain, argument-by-analogy is used. This is based on the principle that if a non-human
Pain_in_invertebrates
Moral status and treatment of nonhuman animals
self-consciousness, autonomy and to act morally. This ended up being called "The argument from marginal cases". However, critics allege that not all morally relevant
Animal_ethics
Use of animals in experiments
Academic reviews of the topic are more equivocal, noting that although the argument that animals have at least simple conscious thoughts and feelings has strong
Animal_testing
1881 treatise by Anna Kingsford
by the examiners at the Paris Medical School because it included moral arguments; these were removed from the thesis and later restored in the published
The_Perfect_Way_in_Diet
Principle in utilitarian ethics
to individuals are not only always arbitrary, but should be arbitrary. Argument from marginal cases Impartiality Guidi, Marco E. L. (2008-02-01). ""Everybody
Equal consideration of interests
Equal_consideration_of_interests
A political argument is an instance of a logical argument applied to politics. Political arguments are used by academics, media pundits, candidates for
Political_argument
Rights belonging to animals
similar interests of human beings. The argument from marginal cases is often used to reach this conclusion. This argument holds that if human beings such as
Animal_rights
American animal rights activist (born 1970)
like Mr Yourofsky access to the classroom. On the other hand, there is an argument to be made that the treatment of animals by the food industry is so excessively
Gary_Yourofsky
history. Initially, this was based around theoretical and philosophical argument, but more recently has turned to scientific investigation. The idea that
Pain_in_cephalopods
Ethical philosophy centered on sentience
concern is extended to sentient animals. Peter Singer gives the following argument for sentientism: The capacity for suffering and enjoying things is a prerequisite
Sentientism
Systematic, institutionalized exploitation of animals
ISBN 978-1-84407-830-1. Nocella, Anthony J. (2014). "A critical animal and peace studies argument to ending all wars". In Salter, Colin; Nocella, Anthony J.; Bentley, Judy
Animal–industrial_complex
American philosopher and animal rights scholar (1938–2017)
10716107. S2CID 170170900. Animal liberationist Animal liberation movement Argument from marginal cases Gary Francione Intrinsic value (animal ethics) List
Tom_Regan
English philosopher, zoologist, and writer (1940–2023)
conditions, thus the rights argument against zoos becomes invalid. Philosopher Ann S. Causey has written that "Bostock's arguments intended to demonstrate
Stephen_St._C._Bostock
1983 book by Tom Regan
not be the subject-of-a-life, yet still possesses intrinsic value. The argument is a deontological one, as opposed to consequentialist. If an individual
The_Case_for_Animal_Rights
Philosophical argument for the existence of God
The Kalam cosmological argument is a modern formulation of the cosmological argument for the existence of God. It is named after the Kalam (medieval Islamic
Kalam_cosmological_argument
American philosopher & ethicist (1941–2003)
paper on the subject was The Basic Argument for Vegetarianism in 2004. Rachels proposed what he called the basic argument for vegetarianism which he believed
James_Rachels
German philosopher (born 1974)
exist otherwise—from within utilitarianism. She suggests that the replaceability argument is based on Total View Utilitarianism, which entails that the utility
Tatjana_Višak
2025 book by Jeff Sebo
in Science, The New York Times, and New Scientist discussed both its arguments and its limitations. The Moral Circle examines how humans decide which
The_Moral_Circle
reasoning that undermines an argument's support for its conclusion. In academic usage, the term usually applies to arguments, although it is sometimes used
List_of_fallacies
Suffering of wild animals due to natural processes
the large numbers of wild animals affected by these conditions. Some arguments draw on evolutionary processes, including natural selection, high reproductive
Wild_animal_suffering
Philosophical question
religion and theology. A wide variety of arguments for and against the existence of God (with the same or similar arguments also generally being used when talking
Existence_of_God
British writer and social reformer (1851–1939)
animal rights seem to have shrunk from basing their claim on the only argument which can ultimately be held to be a really sufficient one--the assertion
Henry_Stephens_Salt
1899 book by Henry S. Salt
Union as part of its Vegetarian Jubilee Library series. The book presents arguments for vegetarianism in a series of essays and dialogues. It discusses vegetarianism
The_Logic_of_Vegetarianism
1791 book by John Oswald
superiority as consequences of estrangement from nature. Garrett relates this argument to a radical form of Rousseauian history in which peaceful relations between
The Cry of Nature; or, An Appeal to Mercy and to Justice, on Behalf of the Persecuted Animals
The_Cry_of_Nature;_or,_An_Appeal_to_Mercy_and_to_Justice,_on_Behalf_of_the_Persecuted_Animals
Scottish philosopher, historian, economist and essayist (1711–1776)
and one of the a posteriori arguments for this is the argument from design or the teleological argument. The argument is that the existence of God can
David_Hume
1892 book by Henry S. Salt
animals' rights, relate it to wider humanitarian reform, and dispute arguments used to defend practices that caused suffering to sentient beings. Salt
Animals' Rights: Considered in Relation to Social Progress
Animals'_Rights:_Considered_in_Relation_to_Social_Progress
American zoologist and philosopher (1862–1916)
Philosophy: A Sociological Synthesis. Davey summarizes the book as an argument that sentience is the basis of ethical consideration and that non-human
J._Howard_Moore
American philosopher (1957–2023)
explores the replaceability argument (the idea that it would be ethically acceptable to painlessly kill beings if it was immediately replaced with a new
Gary_Varner
American non-profit organization
determines to be the most appropriate common law jurisdictions and bases its arguments on existing scientific evidence concerning self-awareness and autonomy
Nonhuman_Rights_Project
Type of argument
In argumentation theory, an argumentation scheme or argument scheme is a template that represents a common type of argument used in ordinary conversation
Argumentation_scheme
Subroutine call performed as final action of a procedure
call factorial (4) call fact-iter (1 4) replace arguments with (4 3) replace arguments with (12 2) replace arguments with (24 1) return 24 return 24 This
Tail_call
Referendum concerning cruelty to farm animals
foie gras produced by force-feeding geese. A separate Commerce Clause argument against Question 3 is that the law regulates economic activity outside
2016_Massachusetts_Question_3
1888 essay by Henry S. Salt
William Reeves as a 48-page pamphlet. In the essay, Salt surveys earlier arguments for vegetarianism, cites writers including Seneca, Plutarch, Porphyry
Flesh or Fruit? An Essay on Food Reform
Flesh_or_Fruit?_An_Essay_on_Food_Reform
1824 treatise by Lewis Gompertz
the use of treadmills. Gompertz links animal protection with broader arguments about justice, education, law, and social hierarchy. Later writers and
Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
Moral_Inquiries_on_the_Situation_of_Man_and_of_Brutes
echoed that of Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274). Paul Waldau writes that the argument can be found at 1 Corinthians (9:9–10), when Paul asks: "Is it for oxen
History_of_animal_rights
Collection of papers about animal ethics
20th-century Sweden. He seeks to offer an empirical grounding for the argument that animal welfarism is problematic for animals, entrenching harmful use
Political Animals and Animal Politics
Political_Animals_and_Animal_Politics
American philosopher
University Press. In Beyond Prejudice, Pluhar explores the argument from marginal cases, rejecting arguments that present humans as uniquely morally significant
Evelyn_Pluhar
Dutch Protestant minister and philosopher
their differences. Boullier respected Berkeley's metaphysics and his arguments against materialism, skepticism and irreligion of the age. He translated
David_Renaud_Boullier
American legal philosopher (1926–2004)
opinion is fallacious. So far as he can tell, there are four primary arguments for it: "Every action of mine is prompted by motives or desires or impulses
Joel_Feinberg
Monty Python sketch
"Argument Clinic" is a sketch from Monty Python's Flying Circus, written by John Cleese and Graham Chapman. The sketch was originally broadcast as part
Argument_Clinic
pain in non-human animals was based around theoretical and philosophical argument, but more recently has turned to scientific investigation. The idea that
Pain_in_amphibians
Academic journal
established in 2011. Its contents include scholarly articles, reviews, and argument pieces. It is abstracted and indexed in Scopus. Between the Species Etica
Journal_of_Animal_Ethics
Of the many and varied argument forms that can possibly be constructed, only very few are valid argument forms. In order to evaluate these forms, statements
List_of_valid_argument_forms
English theologian and writer (1837–1910)
story of Adam and Eve is about a later recreation of the world. Pember's argument for the "Gap Theory" is an example of how some evangelical Christians in
G._H._Pember
2013 American film
The Hollywood Reporter and mentioned that it is "a succinct, graceful argument to save an endangered species". Bloomberg noted that though the documentary
An_Apology_to_Elephants
1798 book by Thomas Young
animals humanely and to avoid unnecessary cruelty. The book combines ethical argument with practical discussion of blood sports, hunting, fishing, the treatment
An Essay on Humanity to Animals
An_Essay_on_Humanity_to_Animals
German philosopher and animal rights writer
child has certain rights. Two years later, Jeremy Bentham used a similar argument in An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Dietler
Wilhelm_Dietler
American philosopher
classics, and literature. Among his books are Rethinking the Ontological Argument: A Neoclassical Theistic Perspective (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Daniel_Dombrowski
2010 textbook by Alasdair Cochrane
position offers insufficient protection for animals. Martha Nussbaum's argument that animals can suffer unfelt harms is considered, as is Tom Regan's criticism
An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory
An_Introduction_to_Animals_and_Political_Theory
Spanish animal activist and moral philosopher (born 1974)
doi:10.7202/1055119ar Horta, Oscar. 2018. "Moral considerability and the argument from relevance". Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 31 (3):
Oscar_Horta
American nonprofit organization
yield results superior to animal use; and that the humane and ethical arguments against the suffering and death of millions of animals in labs each year
Rise_for_Animals
Academic field of logic and rhetoric
Argumentation theory is the interdisciplinary study of how conclusions can be supported or undermined by premises through logical reasoning. With historical
Argumentation_theory
2018 book by Alasdair Cochrane
Animals, and praised by commentators for its readability, strength of argument, and ambition. It provoked questions about methodology in animal-rights
Sentientist_Politics
Argument for the existence of God
The Christological argument is the argument for the existence of God, which holds that if certain claims about Jesus are valid, then one should accept
Christological_argument
British political theorist (born 1978)
claims, underestimated the weight of the argument from marginal cases. To the extent that Cochrane's argument works for nonhuman animals, Garner suggests
Alasdair_Cochrane
Value automatically conferred upon animals
inherent) value. In 1981 the Dutch government included the intrinsic value-argument in a statement concerning the protection of animals (CRM, 1981). At that
Intrinsic value in animal ethics
Intrinsic_value_in_animal_ethics
English physician and social reformer (1846–1888)
vegetarian advocacy The Uselessness of Vivisection (1882), anti-vivisection argument Unscientific Science - Moral Aspects of Vivisection (1890), ethical critique
Anna_Kingsford
REPLACEABILITY ARGUMENT
REPLACEABILITY ARGUMENT
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Reasoning; Proof; Argument
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin, probably from the Old Norse byname Strútr (from a vocabulary word referring to a cone-like ornament on a headdress or cap). Alternatively it may be a nickname for an argumentative person, from Middle English strut(t) ‘quarrel’.German : topographic name from Middle High German struot, strūt ‘brush’, ‘thicket’, ‘swamp’, or a habitational name from any of several places named Struth with this word.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, Muslim
Proofs; Arguments
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Argument reasoning, proof
Boy/Male
Indian
Orbit, Eye socket, Argument
Boy/Male
Muslim
Argument, Reasoning, Proof
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Sewell.Samuel Sewall (1652–1730) came with his parents from Bishop Stoke, Hampshire, England, to Newbury, MA, as a nine-year-old boy. In 1676 he married Hannah Hull, a wealthy heiress, and in 1681 he was appointed printer to the Council in Boston. He served as a judge in the infamous Salem witchcraft trials of 1692—the only one of the judges to admit publicly that he had been wrong. In 1700 he published The Selling of Joseph, which argues that all men are created equal and presents theological arguments against slavery.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for an argumentative person, from Old English flītere ‘disputer’, an agent derivative of flītan ‘to wrangle’.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Argument; Proof; Reasoning
Surname or Lastname
English (mainly Kent and Sussex)
English (mainly Kent and Sussex) : from the Middle English personal name Pain(e), Payn(e) (Old French Paien, from Latin Paganus), introduced to Britain by the Normans. The Latin name is a derivative of pagus ‘outlying village’, and meant at first a person who lived in the country (as opposed to Urbanus ‘city dweller’), then a civilian as opposed to a soldier, and eventually a heathen (one not enrolled in the army of Christ). This remained a popular name throughout the Middle Ages, but it died out in the 16th century.Thomas Payne, who was a freeman of the Plymouth Colony in 1639, was the founder of a large American family, which included Robert Treat Paine (1731–1814), one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. The author of the republican treatise The Rights of Man, Thomas Paine (1737–1809), left England for North America in the mid 1770s, where he became involved in the movement that led to independence. His pamphlet of 1776, Common Sense, influenced the Declaration of Independence and furnished some of the arguments justifying it.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English streit ‘narrow’, ‘strict’ (Anglo-Norman French estreit).German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : nickname for a quarrelsome person, from Middle High German strīt, German Streit ‘strife’, ‘argument’.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Orbit, Eye socket, Argument
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Contentious; Inclined to Quarrel; Argumentative
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Argument; Reasoning; Proof
Boy/Male
Indian
Argument, Reasoning, Proof
REPLACEABILITY ARGUMENT
REPLACEABILITY ARGUMENT
Female
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew Channah, HANNAH means "favor; grace." In the Old Testament bible, this is the name of the mother of Samuel and wife to Elkanah.
Female
French
French feminine form of Latin Martinus, MARTINE means "of/like Mars."Â
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Light of the Teacher
Girl/Female
Tamil
Queen
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Rain; Life Giving; Monsoon
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Strength
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Alice, ALYCE means "noble sort."
Girl/Female
Anglo, Australian, British, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, German, Greek, Italian, Norse, Scandinavian, Swedish
Rich; With Clear Goals; Rejuvenation; Delight; Grandmother; Rich Battle; Pleasant; Contending War; D
Girl/Female
American, Australian
Famous Warrior
Girl/Female
Greek
Rosebud.
REPLACEABILITY ARGUMENT
REPLACEABILITY ARGUMENT
REPLACEABILITY ARGUMENT
REPLACEABILITY ARGUMENT
REPLACEABILITY ARGUMENT
v. i.
To make an argument; to argue.
a.
Not refuted; as, an unanswered argument.
n.
A reason or reasons offered in proof, to induce belief, or convince the mind; reasoning expressed in words; as, an argument about, concerning, or regarding a proposition, for or in favor of it, or against it.
v. t.
To have just and adequate ideas of; to apprehended the meaning or intention of; to have knowledge of; to comprehend; to know; as, to understand a problem in Euclid; to understand a proposition or a declaration; the court understands the advocate or his argument; to understand the sacred oracles; to understand a nod or a wink.
n.
Mental survey; intellectual perception or examination; as, a just view of the arguments or facts in a case.
a.
Adductive as proof; indicative; as, the adaptation of things to their uses is argumentative of infinite wisdom in the Creator.
a.
Abounding in words; using or containing more words than are necessary; tedious by a multiplicity of words; prolix; wordy; as, a verbose speaker; a verbose argument.
v. t.
To present in an urgent manner; to press upon attention; to insist upon; as, to urge an argument; to urge the necessity of a case.
v. t.
To overturn, overthrow, or overset; as, to upset a carriage; to upset an argument.
v. i.
To be pressing in argument; to insist; to persist.
n.
The quality, state, or degree of being replaceable.
a.
Having sufficient strength or force; founded in truth; capable of being justified, defended, or supported; not weak or defective; sound; good; efficacious; as, a valid argument; a valid objection.
a.
Of, pertaining to, or containing, argument; argumentative.
n.
The quantity on which another quantity in a table depends; as, the altitude is the argument of the refraction.
a.
Admitting of argument.
n.
The quality or state of being valid; strength; force; especially, power to convince; justness; soundness; as, the validity of an argument or proof; the validity of an objection.
n.
A process of reasoning, or a controversy made up of rational proofs; argumentation; discussion; disputation.
a.
Given to argument; characterized by argument; disputatious; as, an argumentative writer.
v. t.
To press the mind or will of; to ply with motives, arguments, persuasion, or importunity.
a.
Consisting of, or characterized by, argument; containing a process of reasoning; as, an argumentative discourse.