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Evolutionary mechanism for speciation
The mechanisms of reproductive isolation are a collection of evolutionary mechanisms, behaviors and physiological processes critical for speciation. They
Reproductive_isolation
Speciation that occurs between geographically isolated populations
exchange of genetic information between the two populations leading to reproductive isolation. If the two populations come into contact they will be unable to
Allopatric_speciation
Basic unit of taxonomic classification, below genus
typological or morphological species concept. Ernst Mayr emphasised reproductive isolation, but this, like other species concepts, can be hard or even impossible
Species
Coexistence of different taxa in the same environment
exemplifies sympatric speciation. Such speciation may be a product of reproductive isolation — which prevents hybrid offspring from being viable or able to reproduce
Sympatry
Form of speciation from isolation
Ecological speciation is a form of speciation arising from reproductive isolation that occurs due to an ecological factor that reduces or eliminates gene
Ecological_speciation
Biological experiments
results of each experiment are provided by the reproductive isolation column. Pre-zygotic reproductive isolation means that the reproducing individuals in
Laboratory experiments of speciation
Laboratory_experiments_of_speciation
Species of lizard
and reproductive isolation. Sagebrush lizards are involved with many forms of social interactions and they are involved with reproductive isolation. Male
Sagebrush_lizard
Evolutionary process
immediately reproductively isolated from the parent population. New species can also be created through hybridization, followed by reproductive isolation, if
Speciation
Speciation within a population where subpopulations are reproductively isolated
In parapatric speciation, two subpopulations of a species evolve reproductive isolation from one another while continuing to exchange genes. This mode of
Parapatric_speciation
Floral Isolation is a form of reproductive isolation found in angiosperms. Reproductive isolation is the process of species evolving mechanisms to prevent
Floral_isolation
competitors existed at the time. A key innovation may result in reproductive isolation, whereby those individuals with the innovation no longer breed with
Key_innovation
Natural selection for extreme trait values over intermediate ones
new ones by mutation which takes a long time. Usually complete reproductive isolation does not occur until many generations, but behavioral or morphological
Disruptive_selection
Evolutionary process
through time, often leading to reproductive isolation and continued mutation even after the populations have become reproductively isolated for some period
Genetic_divergence
Group of closely related similar organisms
individual species that uses minute morphological details, tests of reproductive isolation, or DNA-based methods, such as molecular phylogenetics and DNA barcoding
Species_complex
Overview article
process within speciation where natural selection increases the reproductive isolation between two populations of species by reducing the production of
Evidence for speciation by reinforcement
Evidence_for_speciation_by_reinforcement
Speciation arising from change in breeding time
allochronic isolation, or temporal isolation) is a form of speciation (specifically ecological speciation) arising from reproductive isolation that occurs
Allochronic_speciation
State of species being unique to a location
to interbreed with outside populations, which eventually causes reproductive isolation and separation into different species. Darwin's finches in the Galápagos
Endemism
Fusion of natural selection with Mendelian inheritance
so far that reproductive isolation occurs. He was skeptical of the reality of sympatric speciation believing that geographical isolation was a prerequisite
Modern synthesis (20th century)
Modern_synthesis_(20th_century)
Offspring of cross-species reproduction
differently from crosses between more distantly related taxa. Species are reproductively isolated by strong barriers to hybridization, which include genetic
Hybrid_(biology)
Species of alga
Within P. morum, there are at least 21 biological species which are reproductively isolated; two of these are cosmopolitan. Strains of P. morum grouped
Pandorina_morum
Genome resulting from the mating of closely related species
the development of reproductive isolation against parental species. Allopolyploid species often have strong intrinsic reproductive barriers due to differences
Eukaryote_hybrid_genome
Evolution of a new species from an ancestor in the same location
speciation, there is no geographic barrier to interbreeding, but reproductive isolation arises due to ecological, behavioral, or genetic differences. These
Sympatric_speciation
Order of amphibians
October 12, 2012. Koehler, Sonja (2003). Mechanisms for partial reproductive isolation in a Bombina hybrid zone in Romania (PDF) (Thesis). Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
Frog
Topics referred to by the same term
morpheme-per-word ratio Isolation (microbiology), techniques to separate microbes from a sample containing mixtures of microbes Reproductive isolation, in population
Isolation
Change in the heritable traits of populations
nature. In sexually reproducing organisms, speciation results from reproductive isolation followed by genealogical divergence. There are four primary geographic
Evolution
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
genetic diversity. Ernst Mayr recognised the key importance of reproductive isolation for speciation in his Systematics and the Origin of Species (1942)
Natural_selection
Process of increasing reproductive isolation
natural selection increases the reproductive isolation (further divided to pre-zygotic isolation and post-zygotic isolation) between two populations of species
Reinforcement_(speciation)
Species of flowering plant
Erythranthe, it serves as a model system for studying pollinator-based reproductive isolation. It was formerly known as Mimulus cardinalis. Erythranthe cardinalis
Erythranthe_cardinalis
Mode of speciation in evolutionary biology
genetic incompatibilities to evolve. These incompatibilities cause reproductive isolation, giving rise to—sometimes rapid—speciation events. Furthermore,
Peripatric_speciation
allopatric speciation A mode of speciation where the evolution of reproductive isolation is caused by the geographic separation of two or more populations
Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology
Glossary_of_genetics_and_evolutionary_biology
Subspecies of carnivore
by enough distance from other brown bear populations to achieve reproductive isolation. In 1959, hunting of the animal was prohibited in order to preserve
Gobi_bear
contact. This tends to happen when the two populations have strong reproductive isolation and significant overlap in their niche. A possible way to prevent
Secondary_contact
Observation in evolutionary biology
of post-zygotic reproductive isolation, which occurs in early stages of speciation. Evolution can produce a similar pattern of isolation in a vast array
Haldane's_rule
Form of speciation involving hybridization between two different species
species leads to a new species, reproductively isolated from the parent species. Previously, reproductive isolation between two species and their parents
Hybrid_speciation
impact of a species' activity on another one. Reproductive isolation Slatkin, Montgomery (1993). "Isolation by Distance in Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium
Isolation_by_distance
over classification schemes on the mechanisms of speciation and reproductive isolation continue. The 21st century has seen a resurgence in the study of
History_of_speciation
Hypothesis on normative mate selection
different, and will be discriminated against during the mating season. Reproductive isolation induced by koinophilia might thus be the first crucial step in the
Koinophilia
Extinct species of canine mammal
that this geographic isolation allowed them to develop a degree of reproductive isolation since their divergence 5.7 million years ago. Coyotes, dholes, gray
Dire_wolf
Species of wasp
between them, though not enough to fully overcome their present reproductive isolation. Sphecius spectabilis (Taschenberg, 1875), is found in the South
Sphecius_speciosus
Species of Darwin's finches
breed only with their own family members, thereby giving rise to reproductive isolation and undergoing speciation. Discovered by the research team of Peter
Big_Bird_(finch)
1942 book by Ernst Mayr
Species from the Viewpoint of a Zoologist. These topics include reproductive isolation, the modern species concept, genomics, and other related subjects
Systematics and the Origin of Species
Systematics_and_the_Origin_of_Species
Species of true bug
have mating windows that conspecific males follow. This sort of reproductive isolation has contributed to the divergence of the clade. Males and females
Enchenopa_binotata_complex
Common ancestor evolutionary evidence
individuals. Eventually, if reproductive isolation is achieved, it may lead to a separate species. However, reproductive isolation between hybrids and their
Evidence_of_common_descent
Change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population
reproductive isolation between populations, whether prezygotic or postzygotic, varies from little or none to complete. Thus, reproductive isolation,
Microevolution
Genus of flowering plants
Tsukamoto, T.; Hashimoto, G.; Marchesi, E.; Kitching, I. J. (2001). "Reproductive isolation in a native population of Petunia sensu Jussieu (Solanaceae)". Annals
Petunia
Species of plant
they do not hybridize freely with each other as there is partial reproductive isolation between them. Plants of the World Online has accepted them as two
Eruca_vesicaria
Species of amphibian
reproductive isolation and incipient speciation, and recent research suggests that color pattern is likely a driving factor in reproductive isolation
Mimic_poison_frog
American evolutionary biologist (born 1960)
basis of hybrid sterility and inviability. How many genes cause reproductive isolation between species? What are the normal functions of these genes and
H._Allen_Orr
Clade of seed plants that produce flowers
physical "fit." This specialized relationship acts as a driver for reproductive isolation, as minor changes in floral structure can shift a plant's pollinator
Flowering_plant
Species of fish
different spawning behaviors, both species display a major degree of reproductive isolation, preventing them from intermixing and establishing them as different
Baltic_flounder
Male sex organ in squamate reptiles
hypothesis is the idea that genital morphology has evolved to maintain reproductive isolation between species, by ensuring that mating can only occur between
Hemipenis
infertility). Stated differently, any allele that will decrease reproductive isolation is favored and any linked alleles (genetic markers) also increase
Hybrizyme
Reproduction by closely related organisms
preventing the transfer of deleterious alleles may be achieved by reproductive isolation, sterilization, or, in the extreme case, culling. Culling is not
Inbreeding
Archaic human species from Asia
about 363,000 years ago. This indicates that there was considerable reproductive isolation between Denisovan populations. Using exponential distribution analysis
Denisovan
Mechanism for evolution
been suggested that sexual isolation caused by differences in mating behaviours is a precursor for reproductive isolation (lack of gene flow), and consequently
Mate_choice
Plant species in the lopseed family
Erythranthe, it serves as a model system for studying pollinator-based reproductive isolation. It was formerly known as Mimulus lewisii. Erythranthe lewisii is
Erythranthe_lewisii
pollinator specificity in Ficus is a pre-zygotic mechanism of reproductive isolation, in other words, the fig can control which pollen it gets by physically
Reproductive coevolution in Ficus
Reproductive_coevolution_in_Ficus
Oldest cultured human cell line (1951)
and expand well beyond the desires of human cultivators; their reproductive isolation from humans. Van Valen proposed the new family Helacytidae and the
HeLa
Species of bird
the three subspecies were truly different, in terms of more than reproductive isolation and some morphological features, was found in the mitochondrial
Northern_rockhopper_penguin
Classification of distinct populations lesser than subspecies
toward isolating reproductive barriers that facilitate the emergence of 'species' via divergence and, ultimately, genetic isolation. In his 1923 paper
Ecotype
Largest genus of plants in the mint family
(anterior), pollination could not take place. This can result in reproductive isolation from the parental population and new speciation can occur. It is
Salvia
Species of shrubs
Cuevas, E.; Espino, J.; Marques, I. (2018). Scopece, G. (ed.). "Reproductive isolation between Salvia elegans and S. fulgens, two hummingbird‐pollinated
Salvia_elegans
Edible annual plant
they do not hybridize freely with each other as there is partial reproductive isolation between them. The Plants of the World Online database has accepted
Eruca_sativa
Type of speciation
circumstance where independently evolved lineages have developed reproductive isolation from their ancestral lineage, but not from other independent lineages
Parallel_speciation
species that have recently arisen, such as through divergence and reproductive isolation or through hybridization and polyploidy in plants. The first part
Paleoendemism
Species of annelid worm
characteristics of the Irish population of E. fetida could be the result of reproductive isolation, so suggests that this sample may constitute an unrecognized species
Eisenia_fetida
Jewish diaspora of Central Europe
to "mine" their ancestral gene pool in the context of relative reproductive isolation from European neighbors, and not from clan endogamy (clan inbreeding)
Ashkenazi_Jews
Species of moth
dependent on human care for its survival and thus has a level of reproductive isolation from its wild relatives. Yoshitake, Narumi (1968). "Phylogenetic
Bombyx_mandarina
Species of lizard
Mexico. However, speciation has resulted from the formation of reproductive isolation between populations when a population loses of one or more of the
Common_side-blotched_lizard
English naturalist (1823–1913)
proposed the hypothesis that natural selection could drive the reproductive isolation of two varieties by encouraging the development of barriers against
Alfred_Russel_Wallace
Species of wasp
species. It is likely multiple biological species separated by both reproductive isolation and morphological characteristics such as wing geometry. Diachasmimorpha
Diachasmimorpha_longicaudata
Population genetics term
continuum between diverging populations and separate species with reproductive isolation. Hybrid zones are areas where the hybrid offspring of two divergent
Hybrid_zone
Species of fungus
There is a possibility that this resulted in or reinforced the reproductive isolation of the fungi, leading to its speciation. Following this, a study
Ophiocordyceps_unilateralis
Gradual variation of the characteristics of a species along its territory
speciation is likely to eventually occur, as local adaptation can cause reproductive isolation between populations. A classic example of the role of environmental
Cline_(biology)
Influence of a single gene on multiple phenotypic traits
shown pleiotropic traits that simultaneously affect adaptation and reproductive isolation, converting adaptations directly to speciation. A particularly telling
Pleiotropy
Species of duck
(1 October 2002). "Hybridization patterns and the evolution of reproductive isolation in ducks". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 77 (2): 193–200
Mallard
Rare disease
blamed on cousin marriage, but in a larger sense is related to the reproductive isolation of a community among whom 85% are blood relatives of John Y. Barlow
Fumarase_deficiency
Genus of flowering plants in the mulberry family Moraceae
backcrosses indicating limited fitness for hybrids and effective reproductive isolation and speciation. The existence of cryptic species suggests that neither
Ficus
Subfamily of fishes
gene flow in headwater reproductive habitats impacting lineage divergence . It was seen that habitat preference and isolation is a major factor contributing
Etheostomatinae
Hybrid lizard
iguanas have been observed only there. Elsewhere in the Galápagos, reproductive isolation between the two species is maintained by separation of breeding
Hybrid_iguana
Species of fish
the evolutionary forces driving their ecological divergence and reproductive isolation. Not to be confused with Coregonus pidschian, the humpback whitefish
Lake_whitefish
and relied on reproductive isolation between wild and domestic forms, but the study found that the assumption of reproductive isolation with population
Domestication_of_vertebrates
Domesticated omnivorous even-toed ungulate
but it was sustained in cities. Domestication did not involve reproductive isolation with population bottlenecks. Western Asian pigs were introduced
Pig
Group of individuals of a species, separated from other groups by in some manner
interbreeding between different populations, such barriers are called reproductive isolation. In context of these terms, a species can be defined as a group
Population_(biology)
Species of lizard
was presumed to solely play a role in mate selection, aiding in reproductive isolation; however, the association of A. auratus with A. tropidogaster when
Anolis_auratus
Family of mammals
extinction, confined to several parts of Indonesia and Malaysia by reproductive isolation.[citation needed] It has been found through DNA comparison that
Rhinoceros
Species of sea cucumber
depths. Although the red morph may breed red offspring due to its reproductive isolation in a different microhabitat, DNA studies have shown that there is
Apostichopus_japonicus
Class of jawless fish
significant distances in the open ocean, as evidenced by their lack of reproductive isolation between populations. Other species are found in land-locked lakes
Lamprey
Family of mites
complete reproductive isolation of that population from uninfected populations. Wolbachia causes speciation through reproductive isolation. Some hosts
Phytoseiidae
Genus of spiders
P. labiata. At least some species of Portia are in the state of reproductive isolation: in a laboratory, male P. africana copulated with female P. labiata
Portia_(spider)
Species of fungus
G.; Barton, D. B. H.; Louis, E. J. (2006). "Sequence Diversity, Reproductive Isolation and Species Concepts in Saccharomyces". Genetics. 174 (2): 839–850
Saccharomyces_kudriavzevii
Subspecies of honey bee
2021 Webinar. Oleksa, A.; Wilde, J.; Tofilski, A. (2013). "Partial reproductive isolation between European subspecies of honey bees". Apidologie. 44 (5):
European_dark_bee
Genus of flowering plants
(2016). "Coexistence in Close Relatives: Beyond Competition and Reproductive Isolation in Sister Taxa". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics
Ipomoea
Species of moth
composition as discussed above also contributes to the lack of total reproductive isolation between the two species. Previous experiments have already shown
Spodoptera_litura
Genus of brush-footed butterflies
likely had a genetic attraction for other hybrids, leading to its reproductive isolation and speciation. Heliconius butterflies provide examples of a probably
Heliconius
Condition where cells have more than two sets of chromosomes
expression levels. Many of these rapid changes may contribute to reproductive isolation and speciation. However, seed generated from interploidy crosses
Polyploidy
Species of flowering plant
to the different habitats colonized, and an incipient level of reproductive isolation between native and non-native ranges has been detected—a case of
Centaurea_solstitialis
Russian-American geneticist and evolutionary biologist (1900–1975)
On the basis of his experiments, he articulated the idea that reproductive isolation can be caused by differences in presence of microbial symbionts
Theodosius_Dobzhansky
Evolutionary process
process is speciation, in which new species arise, typically through reproductive isolation. An example widely used today to study the interplay of adaptation
Adaptation
Species of butterfly
California have not discovered any meaningful genetic boundaries or reproductive isolation between many of these formal subspecies, despite these striking
Coenonympha_california
REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION
REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Intelligent; Wise; Clever; Reproduction
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English, Greek, Latin
Productive; Fertile; Resurrection
Boy/Male
Indian
Fruitful, Productive
Boy/Male
Muslim
Fruitful, Productive
Boy/Male
Arabic, Australian, Muslim
Fruitful; Productive
Biblical
productive; fruitful
Girl/Female
Greek Latin
Fruitful, productive.
Girl/Female
Biblical
Productive; fruitful.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Productive; Fruitful
Boy/Male
Egyptian
Personification of reproduction.
Boy/Male
Egyptian
Personification of reproduction.
Girl/Female
Indian
Progressive, Productive
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Fertile Productive, Profuse
Girl/Female
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Leafy Season (Spring); Productive
Boy/Male
Danish, Finnish, German, Hebrew, Jewish, Swedish
Hebrew Ephraim; Fertile; Productive; Fruitful
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Progressive productive
Girl/Female
Muslim
Progressive, Productive
Boy/Male
Dutch, French, German, Hawaiian, Hebrew
Productive; Very Fruitful; Fertile
Boy/Male
British, Christian, Dutch, English, German, Greek
Fruitful; Productive
Boy/Male
Greek
Productive.
REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION
REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION
Girl/Female
Indian
Goddess Lakshmi
Boy/Male
Australian, Christian, French, German
Home; From the Little Home / Village
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu
Blessed; Heavenly; Divine
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Broomfield.
Girl/Female
Indian
Winner
Girl/Female
Indian
Garden, Paradise
Boy/Male
Finnish
House.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Sphatikabha | ஸà¯à®ªà®¾à®¤à¯€à®•à®¾à®ªà®¾Â
Crystal clear
Female
Croatian
, the bright, or, the light.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Queen of the universe
REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION
REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION
REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION
REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION
REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION
a.
Sexually reproductive.
n.
Reproduction by fission.
a.
Fruitful; productive; profitable.
a.
Bringing into being; causing to exist; producing; originative; as, an age productive of great men; a spirit productive of heroic achievements.
n.
A peculiar reproductive cell found in some fungi.
n.
Reproduction by fission.
a.
Tending, or pertaining, to reproduction; employed in reproduction.
a.
Inventive; productive; capable.
n.
Reproduction by spontaneous fission.
n.
Reproduction by fission; fissiparism.
a.
Infertile; barren; unprofitable; unproductive.
a.
Having the quality or power of producing; yielding or furnishing results; as, productive soil; productive enterprises; productive labor, that which increases the number or amount of products.
a.
Causing existence; productive.
n.
Reproduction without the union of parents of distinct sexes: asexual reproduction.
a.
Fertile; fruitful; productive.
n.
One of the reproductive spores of algae.
a.
Reproductive.
n.
The reproductive zooids of a hydroid colony, collectively.
a.
Prolific; productive.
n.
reproduction by spores.