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Type of perfect Bayesian equilibrium
In signaling games, a separating equilibrium is a type of perfect Bayesian equilibrium where agents with different characteristics choose different actions
Separating_equilibrium
Equilibrium outcome of a signaling game
information, maximizing their utility according to their prior beliefs. Separating equilibrium Ellison, Glenn. "Game Theory 14.122: Handout #l Finding PBE in Signaling
Pooling_equilibrium
Game class in game theory
equilibria, separating equilibria, and semi-separating. A given game may or may not have more than one equilibrium. In a pooling equilibrium, senders of
Signaling_game
Economic term
a separating equilibrium the high type 'h' must also check their outside option; do they want to choose the net pay in the separating equilibrium (calculated
Signalling_(economics)
2002 film by Kurt Wimmer
Equilibrium is a 2002 American science fiction dystopian action film written and directed by Kurt Wimmer, and starring Christian Bale, Emily Watson, and
Equilibrium_(film)
Solution concept in game theory
Equilibrium (PBE) is a solution with Bayesian probability to a turn-based game with incomplete information. More specifically, it is an equilibrium concept
Perfect_Bayesian_equilibrium
Theory in evolutionary biology
In evolutionary biology, punctuated equilibrium (also called punctuated equilibria) is a theory that proposes that once a new species appears in the fossil
Punctuated_equilibrium
Branch of thermodynamics
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics is a branch of thermodynamics that deals with physical systems that are not in thermodynamic equilibrium but can be described
Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
Non-equilibrium_thermodynamics
State of no net thermal energy flow between two connected systems
thermal equilibrium if there is no net flow of thermal energy between them when they are connected by a path permeable to heat. Thermal equilibrium obeys
Thermal_equilibrium
game, there is also a continuum of separating equilibria, but the intuitive criterion eliminates all the separating equilibria except for the most efficient
Intuitive_criterion
State of thermodynamic systems where no net flow of matter or energy occurs
Thermodynamic equilibrium is a notion of thermodynamics with axiomatic status[clarification needed] referring to an internal state of a single thermodynamic
Thermodynamic_equilibrium
Leadership theory and research construct
costs that vary with that quality in ways capable of producing a separating equilibrium. Method reviews note that much observational research cannot by
Authentic_leadership
Thermodynamic equilibrium between a solid and a solution of the same compound
Solubility equilibrium is a type of dynamic equilibrium that exists when a chemical compound in the solid state is in chemical equilibrium with a solution
Solubility_equilibrium
Theory of equilibrium between supply and demand
will result in an overall general equilibrium. General equilibrium theory contrasts with the theory of partial equilibrium, which analyzes a specific part
General_equilibrium_theory
Type of market failure
"masquerade" as high quality in order to get lower rates, and a separating equilibrium (that is, with different contracts offered to the two types) entails
Credit_rationing
Physics of many interacting particles
primarily concerned with thermodynamic equilibrium, statistical mechanics has been applied in non-equilibrium statistical mechanics to the issues of microscopically
Statistical_mechanics
Pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium
Vapor pressure or equilibrium vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases (solid or liquid)
Vapor_pressure
Radner equilibrium is an economic concept defined by economist Roy Radner in the context of general equilibrium. The concept is an extension of the Arrow–Debreu
Radner_equilibrium
Concentration of a vapor in contact with its liquid
In thermodynamics and chemical engineering, the vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) describes the distribution of chemical species between the vapor phase
Vapor–liquid_equilibrium
Principle in kinetic systems
direction must also allow energy transfer in the opposite direction, and in equilibrium, the flux in both directions must be equal. For example, the principle
Detailed_balance
Economic Model
mathematical economics, the Arrow–Debreu model is a theoretical general equilibrium model. It posits that under certain economic assumptions (convex preferences
Arrow–Debreu_model
Theory in economics
liquidity preference theory determines interest and income using two separate equilibrium conditions, namely, the equality of saving and investment, S ( Y
Loanable_funds
Concept in economics
In economics, partial equilibrium is a condition of economic equilibrium which analyzes only a single market, ceteris paribus (everything else remaining
Partial_equilibrium
a list presents the various articles at Wikipedia that use the term equilibrium (or an associated prefix or derivative) in their titles or leads. It
List_of_types_of_equilibrium
Physics of heat, work, and temperature
thermodynamics which primarily studies systems in thermodynamic equilibrium. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics is often treated as an extension of the classical
Thermodynamics
Principle to predict effects of a change in conditions on a chemical equilibrium
chemical equilibrium. Other names include Chatelier's principle, Braun–Le Chatelier principle, Le Chatelier–Braun principle or the equilibrium law. The
Le_Chatelier's_principle
Subdiscipline of chemistry concerned with chemical equilibrium
Equilibrium chemistry is concerned with systems in chemical equilibrium. The unifying principle is that the free energy of a system at equilibrium is the
Equilibrium_chemistry
In game theory and operations research, a Wardrop equilibrium is a concept developed by John Glen Wardrop for the prediction of traffic patterns in transportation
Wardrop_equilibrium
Model of an economic market
indifference curves. An equilibrium therefore corresponds to a budget line which is also a price line, and the price at equilibrium is the gradient of the
Edgeworth_box
Observational basis of thermodynamics
and entropy, that characterize thermodynamic systems in thermodynamic equilibrium. The laws also use various parameters for thermodynamic processes, such
Laws_of_thermodynamics
Partial separation of isotopes in chemical equilibrium
Equilibrium isotope fractionation is the partial separation of isotopes between two or more substances in chemical equilibrium. Equilibrium fractionation
Equilibrium_fractionation
Physical law for definition of temperature
equilibrium with a third system, then the two systems are in thermal equilibrium with each other. Two systems are said to be in thermal equilibrium if
Zeroth_law_of_thermodynamics
Game theory concept
setting would be irrational to compute. A Bayesian Nash Equilibrium (BNE) is a Nash equilibrium for a Bayesian game, which is derived from the ex-ante
Bayesian_game
Body of matter in a state of internal equilibrium
properties of the walls that separate the bodies. Equilibrium thermodynamics in general does not measure time. Equilibrium thermodynamics is a relatively
Thermodynamic_system
Physical quantity of hot and cold
the subsystem, separately from the rest of the body; then, the whole body is not in its own state of internal thermodynamic equilibrium. There is an upper
Temperature
Chart used to show conditions at which physical phases of a substance occur
gaseous states) occur and coexist at equilibrium. Common components of a phase diagram are lines of equilibrium or phase boundaries, which refer to lines
Phase_diagram
Process of separating molecules
In chemistry, dialysis is the process of separating molecules in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane
Dialysis_(chemistry)
Hypothetical stage of matter
of a substance, establish an equilibrium with each other. Such equilibrium stages may also be referred to as an equilibrium stage, ideal stage, or a theoretical
Theoretical_plate
Macroeconomic method
Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium modeling (abbreviated as DSGE, or DGE, or sometimes SDGE) is a macroeconomic method which is often employed by
Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium
Dynamic_stochastic_general_equilibrium
Measure of an acid's strength in solution
quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution. It is the equilibrium constant for a chemical reaction HA ↽ − − ⇀ A − + H + {\displaystyle
Acid_dissociation_constant
(also isopycnic centrifugation or equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation) uses the concept of buoyancy to separate molecules in solution by their differences
Buoyant density centrifugation
Buoyant_density_centrifugation
Region of uniform physical properties
phases can co-exist in equilibrium. At temperatures and pressures away from the markings, there will be only one phase at equilibrium. In the diagram, the
Phase_(matter)
French mathematical economist (1834–1910)
Stanley Jevons and Carl Menger) and pioneered the development of general equilibrium theory. Walras is best known for his book Éléments d'économie politique
Léon_Walras
fundamental theorems of welfare economics. The first states that in economic equilibrium, a set of complete markets, with complete information, and in perfect
Fundamental theorems of welfare economics
Fundamental_theorems_of_welfare_economics
Momentum / Dynamics of Rotation / Energy and Momentum / Energy and Power / Equilibrium of Rigid Bodies / Falling Bodies : Laboratory / The Force Equation :
List of Encyclopædia Britannica Films titles
List_of_Encyclopædia_Britannica_Films_titles
Physical law for entropy and heat
cannot decrease, as they always tend toward a state of thermodynamic equilibrium where the entropy is highest at the given internal energy. An increase
Second_law_of_thermodynamics
phases can be done by an energy separating agent, a mass separating agent, a barrier or external fields. Energy-separating agents are used for creating a
Industrial separation processes
Industrial_separation_processes
General principle in thermodynamics regarding pVT systems in equilibrium
principle governing multi-component, multi-phase systems in thermodynamic equilibrium. For a system without chemical reactions, it relates the number of freely
Phase_rule
Concept in climate science
the initial rise in global temperature when CO2 levels double, and the equilibrium climate sensitivity is the larger long-term temperature increase after
Climate_sensitivity
Passage of a system from an initial to a final state of thermodynamic equilibrium
thermodynamic equilibrium. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics, however, considers processes in which the states of the system are close to thermodynamic equilibrium, and
Thermodynamic_process
to make it rounder. The potato radius defines hydrostatic equilibrium and is used to separate dwarf planets from small Solar System bodies. Charles Lineweaver
Potato_radius
Capacity of a substance to dissolve in a homogeneous way
secondary phases separating out might underestimate solubility. While the maximum number of phases separating out at once in equilibrium can be determined
Solubility
Property of a thermodynamic system
with time. As a result, isolated systems evolve toward thermodynamic equilibrium, where the entropy is highest. "High" entropy means that energy is more
Entropy
Viscous liquid with constant consistency
is stable, which means it does not separate into sections of solid mass and those of more liquid mass. Equilibrium gel filtration liquid chromatography
Equilibrium_gel
Industrial urea manufacturing process
Carl Bosch and Wilhelm Meiser. The whole process consists of two main equilibrium reactions, with incomplete conversion of the reactants. The first, called
Bosch–Meiser_process
Concept in non-equilibrium physics
In non-equilibrium physics, the Keldysh formalism or Keldysh–Schwinger formalism is a general framework for describing the quantum mechanical evolution
Keldysh_formalism
Mathematical models of strategic interactions
Although game theory has broad application in general equilibrium theory, general equilibrium economists are usually concerned with macroeconomic issues
Game_theory
Description of the time-evolution of plasma
The frozen-in conditions must be evaluated for each particle species separately. Because electrons have much smaller gyro period and gyro radius than
Vlasov_equation
Industrial process for ammonia production
opposing considerations are relevant: the equilibrium position and the reaction rate. At room temperature, the equilibrium is in favor of ammonia, but the reaction
Haber_process
Measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis
concentration. The transfer of solvent molecules continues until osmotic equilibrium is attained. Jacobus van 't Hoff derived thermodynamically a quantitative
Osmotic_pressure
ISBN 978-1-4244-2774-1. Gyoshev, Stanley B.; Gombola, Michael (2012-12-04). "A Separating Equilibrium for Stock Repurchase Programs via PUT Options: Transforming a Mathematical
Datar–Mathews method for real option valuation
Datar–Mathews_method_for_real_option_valuation
Problem of setting prices by a public monopoly
{q}})} As a result, the Ramsey-price setting monopoly is in a second-best equilibrium, between ordinary monopoly and perfect competition. An easier way to
Ramsey_problem
Stonez November 28 Blut Aus Nord Ethereal Horizons Corpus Delicti Liminal Equilibrium Equinox Nuclear Blast Ikonika Sad Hyperdub Jessie J Don't Tease Me with
List_of_2025_albums
Solution concept in game theory
refinements of the Nash equilibrium (NE) solution concept in game theory, defined by John Harsanyi and Reinhard Selten. A Nash equilibrium is considered payoff
Risk_dominance
Chemical compound
is in equilibrium with calcium carbonate. At room temperature the equilibrium overwhelmingly favors calcium carbonate, because the equilibrium CO2 pressure
Calcium_carbonate
Term used in quantum mechanics
population of electrons separately in the conduction band and valence band, when their populations are displaced from equilibrium. This displacement could
Quasi_Fermi_level
Model of phase equilibrium in statistical thermodynamics
of phase equilibria (i.e. liquid–solid, liquid–liquid or liquid–vapor equilibrium). The UNIQUAC model also serves as the basis of the development of the
UNIQUAC
Mathematical concept
and the pure states have the cluster decomposition property that "far-separated subsystems" are independent. In practice, physically realistic systems
Gibbs_measure
Human male external reproductive organ
away from the penis. More blood enters than leaves the penis until an equilibrium is reached where an equal volume of blood flows into the dilated arteries
Human_penis
Thermal electromagnetic radiation
thermal electromagnetic radiation emitted from a body in thermodynamic equilibrium with its environment. A black body is an idealized opaque and non-reflective
Black-body_radiation
Equilibrium constants are determined in order to quantify chemical equilibria. When an equilibrium constant K is expressed as a concentration quotient
Determination of equilibrium constants
Determination_of_equilibrium_constants
Modelling technique in mechanical engineering
the force equilibrium between a matching pair of interface DoFs according to Newton's third law. A second notation in which the equilibrium condition
Dynamic_substructuring
Thermal motion of liquid or gas particles at temperatures above absolute zero
still in motion, but an equilibrium has been established, the result of molecular diffusion is called a "dynamic equilibrium". In a phase with uniform
Molecular_diffusion
State of steady internal conditions maintained by living things
pattern and increased respiratory rate to bring the blood gases back to equilibrium. Too little carbon dioxide, and, to a lesser extent, too much oxygen
Homeostasis
Small planetary-mass object
achieving and retaining hydrostatic equilibrium, but the size or mass at which an object attains and retains equilibrium depends on its composition and thermal
Dwarf_planet
Static membrane potential in biology
same strength and oriented in opposite directions, the system is now in equilibrium. Put another way, the tendency of potassium to leave the cell by running
Resting_potential
Industrial process for heavy water purification
between 30 °C and 130 °C. The process of interest is the equilibrium reaction, At 30 °C, the equilibrium constant K = 2.33, while at 130 °C, K = 1.82. This
Girdler_sulfide_process
Homogeneous mixture of a solute and a solvent
targets Percentage solution (disambiguation) Solubility equilibrium – Thermodynamic equilibrium between a solid and a solution of the same compound Suspension
Solution_(chemistry)
Change in sea level due to gravity
to Isaac Newton that explains two daily tides is known as equilibrium theory. Equilibrium theory makes three simplifications: 1) ignore Earth's land
Tide
Equipment to separate liquids by distillation
rising vapors and descending condensate into close contact, achieving equilibrium more quickly. In a typical fractional distillation, a liquid mixture
Fractionating_column
Scientific study of ice and natural phenomena involving ice
The glacier equilibrium line is the line separating the glacial accumulation area above from the ablation area below. The equilibrium line altitude
Glaciology
Separation of molecules or ionic compounds into smaller constituent entities
association or recombination. For reversible dissociations in a chemical equilibrium AB ↽ − − ⇀ A + B {\displaystyle {\ce {AB <=> A + B}}} the dissociation
Dissociation_(chemistry)
Pressure between two fluids from forces between the fluids and tube walls
pressure relationship between two fluid phases in a capillary tube in equilibrium, which is that force up = force down. These forces are described as:
Capillary_pressure
American economist (1921–2017)
theory, notably his "impossibility theorem", and his work on general equilibrium analysis are significant. His work in many other areas of economics,
Kenneth_Arrow
Standard example in game theory
strategy for both players. Mutual defection is the only strong Nash equilibrium in the game. Since the collectively ideal result of mutual cooperation
Prisoner's_dilemma
Spectral density of light emitted by a black body
density of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a black body in thermal equilibrium at a given temperature T, when there is no net flow of matter or energy
Planck's_law
Study of the effects of forces on undeformable bodies
Newton's laws this approach is generalized to define dynamic equilibrium. The static equilibrium of a mechanical system rigid bodies is defined by the condition
Rigid_body_dynamics
1972, working with Niles Eldredge, he developed his idea of "punctuated equilibrium". JPL · 8373 8374 Horohata 1992 AK1 Horohata is an open area in Ishikawa
Meanings of minor-planet names: 8001–9000
Meanings_of_minor-planet_names:_8001–9000
State of a solution that contains more solute than can be dissolved at equilibrium
solute exceeds the concentration specified by the value of solubility at equilibrium. Most commonly the term is applied to a solution of a solid in a liquid
Supersaturation
Chemical compound giving a proton or accepting an electron pair
there exists an equilibrium between the acid and its conjugate base. The equilibrium constant K is an expression of the equilibrium concentrations of
Acid
Scientific projections regarding the far future
the mantle. If this were to continue uninterrupted, it would reach an equilibrium where 65% of present-day surface water would be subducted. 1 billion
Timeline_of_the_far_future
Type of energy transfer
states of internal thermodynamic equilibrium is transitive. It follows from this that the relation 'is in thermal equilibrium with' is transitive, which is
Heat
Decision rule used for minimizing the possible loss for a worst-case scenario
two-player zero-sum games, the minimax solution is the same as the Nash equilibrium. In the context of zero-sum games, the minimax theorem is equivalent
Minimax
Method of separating particles in a mixture
force separates components not only on the basis of density, but also of particle size and shape. In contrast, a more specialized equilibrium density-gradient
Differential_centrifugation
Equation in statistical mechanics
infinitely slowly (such that all intermediate states are in thermodynamic equilibrium). In contrast to the thermodynamic statement above, the JE remains valid
Jarzynski_equality
Influence that can change motion of an object
forces, if the net force on an extended body is zero the body is in equilibrium. In modern physics, which includes relativity and quantum mechanics,
Force
American sculptor and painter (born 1955)
Weinberg Gallery in 1987. Another example for Koons's early work is The Equilibrium Series (1983), consisting of one to three basketballs floating in distilled
Jeff_Koons
extreme jeopardy. Final appearance: Edward Kerr as Lieutenant Brody 52 8 "Equilibrium" Anson Williams Naren Shankar & Javier Grillo-Marxuach November 15, 1995 (1995-11-15)
List_of_seaQuest_DSV_episodes
Physical systems that don't interact with other parts of the universe
thermodynamic equilibrium. Classical thermodynamics postulates the existence of systems in their own states of internal thermodynamic equilibrium. This postulate
Isolated_system
Scientific study of matter's behavior and properties
predicting the feasibility of a reaction and determining the state of equilibrium of a chemical reaction, in chemical thermodynamics. A reaction is feasible
Chemistry
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SEPARATING EQUILIBRIUM
SEPARATING EQUILIBRIUM
SEPARATING EQUILIBRIUM
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SEPARATING EQUILIBRIUM
SEPARATING EQUILIBRIUM
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