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Use of statistical measurement systems to study human behavior in a social environment
Social statistics is the use of statistical measurement systems to study human behavior in a social environment. This can be accomplished through polling
Social_statistics
Study of collection and analysis of data
interpretation, and presentation of data. In applying statistics to a scientific, industrial, or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical
Statistics
Value that appears most often in a set of data
In statistics, the mode is the value that appears most often in a set of data values. If X is a discrete random variable, the mode is the value x at which
Mode_(statistics)
Modern social statistics of Native Americans serve as defining characteristics of Native American life, and can be compared to the average United States
Modern social statistics of Native Americans
Modern_social_statistics_of_Native_Americans
Term in statistical hypothesis testing
In frequentist statistics, power is the probability of detecting an effect (i.e. rejecting the null hypothesis) given that some prespecified effect actually
Power_(statistics)
Latin phrase; "by heads"/"for each head"
term is used in a wide variety of social sciences and statistical research contexts, including government statistics, economic indicators, and built environment
Per_capita
Type of statistics
The Practice of Social Research (12th ed.). Wadsworth. pp. 436–440. ISBN 978-0-495-59841-1. Nick, Todd G. (2007). "Descriptive Statistics". Topics in Biostatistics
Descriptive_statistics
Branch of statistics
Mathematical statistics is the application of probability theory and other mathematical concepts to statistics, as opposed to techniques for collecting
Mathematical_statistics
Statistical model validation technique
Cross-validation (statistics). Boosting (machine learning) Bootstrap aggregating (bagging) Out-of-bag error Bootstrapping (statistics) Leakage (machine
Cross-validation_(statistics)
Condition in which the value of a measurement or observation is only partially known
In statistics, censoring is a condition in which the value of a measurement or observation is only partially known. For example, suppose a study is conducted
Censoring_(statistics)
Psychological or sociological research
A social experiment is a method of psychological or sociological research that observes people's reactions to certain situations or events. The experiment
Social_experiment
Number of occurrences in an experiment or study
In statistics, the frequency or absolute frequency of an event i {\displaystyle i} is the number n i {\displaystyle n_{i}} of times the observation has
Frequency_(statistics)
Analytical process
In the social sciences, coding is an analytical process in which data, in both quantitative form (such as questionnaires results) or qualitative form (such
Coding_(social_sciences)
Selection of data points in statistics
In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset of individuals from within a statistical population to
Sampling_(statistics)
Simultaneous observation and analysis of more than one outcome variable
Multivariate statistics is a subdivision of statistics encompassing the simultaneous observation and analysis of more than one outcome variable, i.e.
Multivariate_statistics
Statistical method
aggregating Bootstrapping Empirical likelihood Imputation (statistics) Reliability (statistics) Reproducibility Resampling Horowitz JL (2019). "Bootstrap
Bootstrapping_(statistics)
Bachelor's degree awarded for undergraduate study in the social sciences
Bachelor of Social Science is only focused on theory, social statistics, quantitative and qualitative social research, the philosophy of social science and
Bachelor_of_Social_Science
Type of statistics
In descriptive statistics, summary statistics are used to summarize a set of observations, in order to communicate the largest amount of information as
Summary_statistics
Quality measure of a statistical method
In statistics, efficiency is a measure of quality of an estimator, of an experimental design, or of a hypothesis testing procedure. Essentially, a more
Efficiency_(statistics)
Overview of and topical guide to statistics
and social sciences to the humanities; it is also used and misused for making informed decisions in all areas of business and government. Statistics can
Outline_of_statistics
Type of statistics
Robust statistics are statistics that maintain their properties even if the underlying distributional assumptions are incorrect. Robust statistical methods
Robust_statistics
Number of values in the final calculation of a statistic that are free to vary
In statistics, the number of degrees of freedom is the number of values in the final calculation of a statistic that are free to vary. Estimates of statistical
Degrees of freedom (statistics)
Degrees_of_freedom_(statistics)
Family of statistical methods based on sampling of available data
In statistics, resampling is the creation of new samples based on one observed sample. Resampling methods are: Permutation tests (also re-randomization
Resampling_(statistics)
Government statistical agency of Canada
distribution, and social and justice conditions. It also publishes a peer-reviewed statistics journal, Survey Methodology. Statistics Canada provides free
Statistics_Canada
Poland's principal government institution in charge of statistics and census data
Regional Statistics, Dissemination, National Accounts and Finance, Business Statistics and Registers, Social Statistics, Services Statistics, Agriculture
Statistics_Poland
Design of experiments to collect similar contexts together
squares Hyper-Graeco-Latin square designs Mathematics portal Algebraic statistics Block design Combinatorial design Generalized randomized block design
Blocking_(statistics)
Range to estimate an unknown parameter
Concept in statistics Confidence region – Multi-dimensional version of a confidence interval, a higher dimensional generalization Credence (statistics) – Measure
Confidence_interval
Causal or moderating relationship between statistical variables
In statistics, an interaction may arise when considering the relationship among three or more variables, and describes a situation in which the effect
Interaction_(statistics)
Concept in inferential statistics
was set too high) Sirkin, R. Mark (2005). "Two-sample t tests". Statistics for the Social Sciences (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc
Statistical_significance
Statistical distribution for dependence between random variables
In probability theory and statistics, a copula is a multivariate cumulative distribution function for which the marginal probability distribution of each
Copula_(statistics)
Branch of statistics
Parametric statistics is a branch of statistics that is concerned with the analysis of and inference from data assuming that the underlying distribution
Parametric_statistics
How many standard deviations apart from the mean an observed datum is
In statistics, the standard score or z-score is the number of standard deviations by which the value of a raw score (i.e., an observed value or data point)
Standard_score
(born 20 June 1957) is Professor Emeritus of Economics and Social Statistics at UCL Social Research Institute, University College London. Micklewright
John_Micklewright
Ongoing sociological survey studying American society
The General Social Survey (GSS) is a sociological survey created in 1972 by James A. Davis of the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the University
General_Social_Survey
Data transformation of statistics into rank
In statistics, ranking is the data transformation in which numerical or ordinal values are replaced by their rank when the data are sorted. For example
Ranking_(statistics)
probability theory and statistics was systematized in the 19th century and statistical reasoning and probability models were used by social scientists to advance
History_of_statistics
Function that measures dissimilarity between two probability distributions
d p {\displaystyle dp} from p {\displaystyle p} . In applications to statistics, the manifold M {\displaystyle M} is typically the space of parameters
Divergence_(statistics)
Science that understands human crowds
and social statistics. Quetelet's 1835 book, Essay on Social Physics: Man and the Development of his Faculties, outlines the project of a social physics
Social_physics
Statistical property
interchangeability. However, the mean and standard deviation are descriptive statistics, whereas the standard error of the mean is descriptive of the random sampling
Standard_error
Statistics published by government agencies
economic and social development, living conditions, health, education, and the environment. During the 15th and 16th centuries, statistics were a method
Official_statistics
Measure of poverty of small areas
superseded by the National Statistics Socio-economic Classification (NS-SEC). This meant that the definition of low social class had to be amended to
Deprivation_index
Statistical measure of association
In statistics, Cramér's V (sometimes referred to as Cramér's phi and denoted as φc) is a measure of association between two nominal variables, giving a
Cramér's_V
UK statistical survey
The British Social Attitudes Survey (BSA) is an annual statistical survey conducted in the UK by the National Centre for Social Research since 1983. The
British Social Attitudes Survey
British_Social_Attitudes_Survey
Statistical relationship
In statistics, correlation is a type of statistical relationship between two random variables or bivariate data. It usually refers to the extent to which
Correlation
Statistics term
In statistics, completeness is a property of a statistic computed on a sample dataset in relation to a parametric model of the dataset. It is opposed to
Completeness_(statistics)
The European Social Survey (ESS) is a social scientific endeavour to map the attitudes, beliefs and behaviour patterns of the various populations in Europe
European_Social_Survey
Principle that variation can be better estimated with nonvarying repetition of conditions
In engineering, science, and statistics, replication is the process of repeating a study or experiment under the same or similar conditions. It is a crucial
Replication_(statistics)
Concept in statistics
In descriptive statistics, the range of a set of data is the size or width of the narrowest interval which contains all the data. It is calculated as the
Range_(statistics)
National data generation program in Germany
The German General Social Survey (ALLBUS/GGSS - Die Allgemeine Bevölkerungsumfrage der Sozialwissenschaften) is a national data generation program in Germany
German_General_Social_Survey
Number taken as representative of a list of numbers
Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, ISBN 0-8039-4007-6 p.2 Upton, G.; Cook, I. (2008) Oxford Dictionary of Statistics, OUP ISBN 978-0-19-954145-4
Average
Measure of goodness of fit for a statistical model
In statistics, deviance is a goodness-of-fit statistic for a statistical model; it is often used for statistical hypothesis testing. It is a generalization
Deviance_(statistics)
Think tank based in Washington, D.C., US
American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States
Pew_Research_Center
Bias in causal inference
; Rothengatter, T. (2008). "Chapter 4". Applied Social Psychology: Understanding and managing social problems. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
Confounding
Type of scatter plot
In statistics, a volcano plot is a type of scatter-plot that is used to quickly identify changes in large data sets composed of replicate data. It plots
Volcano_plot_(statistics)
Virtual online communities
services. Social media mining uses concepts from computer science, data mining, machine learning, and statistics. Mining is based on social network analysis
Social_media
Group of subjects sharing a characteristic
results would not be accurate. Age grade Bureau of Labor Statistics Case mix Cohort study Social generation National Longitudinal Surveys Prospective cohort
Cohort_(statistics)
Unit of information
values that conveys information, describing the quantity, quality, fact, statistics, other basic units of meaning, or simply sequences of symbols that may
Data
Statistics concept
In statistics and regression analysis, moderation (also known as effect modification) occurs when the relationship between two variables depends on a third
Moderation_(statistics)
The World Social Capital Monitor is an instrument for measuring social goods and social capital created by the United Nations Sustainable Development
World_Social_Capital_Monitor
Hong Kong government department
The Census and Statistics Department (C&SD; Chinese: 政府統計處) is the provider of major social and economic official statistics in Hong Kong. It is also
Census and Statistics Department
Census_and_Statistics_Department
Middle quantile of a data set or probability distribution
median. For this reason, the median is of central importance in robust statistics. Median is a 2-quantile; it is the value that partitions a set into two
Median
Grouping a set of objects by similarity
overview of algorithms explained in Wikipedia can be found in the list of statistics algorithms. There is no objectively "correct" clustering algorithm, but
Cluster_analysis
Statistics is the theory and application of mathematics to the scientific method including hypothesis generation, experimental design, sampling, data collection
Founders_of_statistics
Cambodia's principal government institution in charge of statistics and census data
official national statistics. It oversees the Social Statistics Department, the Census and Survey Department, the General Statistics Department, and the
National Institute of Statistics of Cambodia
National_Institute_of_Statistics_of_Cambodia
Application of statistical techniques to biological systems
Biostatistics (sometimes referred to as biometry), is a branch of statistics that applies statistical methods to a wide range of topics in the biological
Biostatistics
Sampling from a population which can be partitioned into subpopulations
In statistics, stratified sampling is a method of sampling from a population which can be partitioned into subpopulations. In statistical surveys, when
Stratified_sampling
Experiment methodology
hypothesis testing or "two-sample hypothesis testing" as used in the field of statistics. A/B testing is employed to compare multiple versions of a single variable
A/B_testing
Statistic measuring inter-rater agreement for categorical items
the traditional 2 × 2 confusion matrix employed in machine learning and statistics to evaluate binary classifications, the Cohen's Kappa formula can be written
Cohen's_kappa
Measures of the characteristics of, or changes to, a population
Demographic statistics are measures of the characteristics of, or changes to, a population. Records of births, deaths, marriages, immigration and emigration
Demographic_statistics
Advanced data management program
Data Archives (ADP) Social Science Japan Data Archive (Center for Social Research and Data Archives, University of Tokyo) Statistics Canada Nesstar (2001)
Nesstar
2019. > "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". Retrieved 27 September 2026. "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 29
Demographics_of_India
(probability theory) Snowball sampling Sobel test Social network change detection Social statistics SOFA Statistics – software Soliton distribution – redirects
List_of_statistics_articles
Statistical measure of how far values spread from their average
In probability theory and statistics, variance is a measure of dispersion, meaning it is a measure of how far a set of numbers are spread out from their
Variance
These terms and concepts are used in the mathematical sciences of statistics and probability, their sub-disciplines, and related fields. For additional
Glossary of probability and statistics
Glossary_of_probability_and_statistics
Statistical term
In statistics, path analysis is used to describe the directed dependencies among a set of variables. This includes models equivalent to any form of multiple
Path_analysis_(statistics)
Process of using data analysis for predicting population data from sample data
from a larger population. Inferential statistics can be contrasted with descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics is solely concerned with properties
Statistical_inference
Academic journal
analysis", the development and "integration of systems of economic and social statistics", and "related methodological problems". It also covers more applied
Review_of_Income_and_Wealth
Statistical method
"On Stratification, Grouping and Matching". Scandinavian Journal of Statistics. 7 (2): 61–66. JSTOR 4615774. Kupper, Lawrence L.; Karon, John M.; Kleinbaum
Matching_(statistics)
National statistical service of New Zealand
developed jointly with Australian statistics officials.) Social and Population Statistics studies population, social conditions, standard of living, and
Statistics_New_Zealand
Applications of statistics to medicine and the health sciences
Medical statistics (also health statistics) deals with applications of statistics to medicine and the health sciences, including epidemiology, public
Medical_statistics
Study of high-dimensional data
In statistical theory, the field of high-dimensional statistics studies data whose dimension is larger (relative to the number of datapoints) than typically
High-dimensional_statistics
Government ministry of India
supervision. Central Statistics National Sample Survey Data Governance Administration Economics Statistics Division (ESD) Social Statistics Division (SSD) National
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
Ministry_of_Statistics_and_Programme_Implementation
contributions to social statistics, particularly in the areas of sample surveys, statistical disclosure control, and research methodology across the social sciences
Chris_Skinner_(statistician)
Study of convergence properties of statistical estimators
In statistics, asymptotic theory, or large sample theory, is a framework for assessing properties of estimators and statistical tests. Within this framework
Asymptotic theory (statistics)
Asymptotic_theory_(statistics)
Social networking service owned by Meta Platforms
Facebook is an American social networking service owned by the American technology conglomerate Meta Platforms. It was founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg
German economist (born 1948)
November 1948) is a German economist. He is a professor for economic and social statistics at the Technical University of Dortmund. Krämer studied mathematics
Walter_Krämer
Set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships among variables
Procedures of Statistics with Special Reference to the Biological Sciences., McGraw Hill, 1960, page 288. Rouaud, Mathieu (2013). Probability, Statistics and Estimation
Regression_analysis
Data analysis approach in frequentist statistics
Estimation statistics, or simply estimation, is a data analysis framework that uses a combination of effect sizes, confidence intervals, precision planning
Estimation_statistics
Complete set of items that share at least one property in common
In statistics, a population is a set of similar items which is of interest for some question or experiment. A statistical population can be a group of
Statistical_population
Statistical test
t-test more convenient. Because of the central limit theorem, many test statistics are approximately normally distributed for large samples. Therefore, many
Z-test
Kth smallest value in a statistical sample
In statistics, the kth order statistic of a statistical sample is equal to its kth-smallest value. Given a sample of size n {\displaystyle n} , the kth
Order_statistic
Analysis of sets of categorical sequences
In social sciences, sequence analysis (SA) is concerned with the analysis of sets of categorical sequences that typically describe longitudinal data. Analyzed
Sequence analysis in social sciences
Sequence_analysis_in_social_sciences
Statistical property quantifying how much a collection of data is spread out
In statistics, dispersion (also called variability, scatter, or spread) is the extent to which a distribution is stretched or squeezed. Common examples
Statistical_dispersion
Measure of the asymmetry of random variables
statistic." Journal of Statistics Education 19.2 (2011): 1-18. (Page 7) Duncan Cramer (1997) Fundamental Statistics for Social Research. Routledge. ISBN 9780415172042
Skewness
Statistical Survey
International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) is a collaboration between different nations conducting surveys covering topics which are useful for social science
International Social Survey Programme
International_Social_Survey_Programme
American statistician
specializing in causal inference with applications to social statistics. She is a professor of applied statistics at New York University in the Steinhardt School
Jennifer_Hill
Test used in the analysis of stratified or matched categorical data
In statistics, the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test (CMH) is a test used in the analysis of stratified or matched categorical data. It allows an investigator
Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics
Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel_statistics
Spanish Statistical Office
Directorate-General of the National Statistics Institute (INE), with a mission to develop and refine the demographic, economic and social statistics already existing, creating
National Statistics Institute (Spain)
National_Statistics_Institute_(Spain)
Estimator for quality of a statistical model
formulated it. It now forms the basis of a paradigm for the foundations of statistics and is also widely used for statistical inference. Suppose that we have
Akaike_information_criterion
Statistics concept
In statistics and optimization, errors and residuals are two closely related and easily confused measures of the deviation of an observed value of an element
Errors_and_residuals
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