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Electronic switching device
A solid-state relay (SSR) is an electronic switching device that switches on or off when an external voltage (AC or DC) is applied across its control
Solid-state_relay
Electronics with semiconductor components
such as the solid-state relay, in which transistor switches are used in place of a moving-arm electromechanical relay, or the solid-state drive (SSD)
Solid-state_electronics
Electrically operated switch
close or open the contacts, but relays using other operating principles have also been invented, such as in solid-state relays which use semiconductor properties
Relay
Control loop feedback mechanism
unstable. Published in 1984 by Karl Johan Åström and Tore Hägglund, the relay method temporarily operates the process using bang-bang control and measures
PID_controller
System using algorithmic detection of electrical faults
the electromagnetic coils in the relay are the main processes by which a user sets such a relay. In a solid-state relay, the incoming voltage and current
Numerical_relay
User-controllable digital signal pin on an integrated circuit
followed by an appropriate high-current output buffer (or mechanical or solid-state relay), a GPIO may be used to control high-power devices such as lights
General-purpose_input/output
Discrete device in an electronic system
centrifugal force due to rate of rotation Relay or contactor – Electro-mechanically operated switch (see also solid state relay above) Reed switch – Magnetically
Electronic_component
IC for low-to-high power load switching
driver circuits for relays, solenoids, lamps and LED displays, stepper motors, logic buffers and line drivers. Solid state relay Wikimedia Commons has
ULN2003A
American businessman (born 1950)
Prevention Institute of California. Gupta holds two US patents, one for a solid state relay issued in 1984 and another for a square root circuit issued in 1986
Vinita_Gupta
American semiconductor company
high voltage applications as well as integrated circuits used in Solid State Relays and Line Card Access Switches. The RF Power Semiconductors convert
IXYS
Topics referred to by the same term
application for the monitoring of slope stability at open-cut mines Solid-state relay, an electronic switching device in which a small control signal controls
SSR
Electronic component
symmetrical, bidirectional opto-isolators is possible. An optocoupled solid-state relay contains a photodiode opto-isolator which drives a power switch, usually
Opto-isolator
Indian unmanned aerial vehicle
later rectified in prototype AF-6A with upgraded features like a solid state relay-based low weight power distribution unit, an Indian inertial navigation
TAPAS-BH-201
Type of relay without moving parts
microprocessor-based designs. Some authors use the term "static relay" to refer only to solid state relays. A static relay consists of: An input circuit that measures the
Static_relay
Relay using mercury metal
still have applications. They are generally being replaced by solid state relays. Mercury relays consist of a vertical (usually glass) tube containing liquid
Mercury_relay
Manufacturing company
acquisition. The company is based in Southern California and sells solid state relays and Ethernet-based input/output systems and controllers. It is based
Opto_22
Nanometer-scale mechanical switch
semiconductor logic. While the mechanical nature of NEM relays makes them switch much slower than solid-state relays, they have many advantageous properties, such
Nanoelectromechanical_relay
Fixed-value capacitor using ceramic
(including motors, inverters, and electronic ballasts, as well as solid-state relay snubbers and spark quenchers) from sending and receiving electromagnetic
Ceramic_capacitor
American electronic manufacturing company
electronic switches, solenoids, battery management devices, solid-state relays, and protective relays. With the acquisition of Hamlin, Inc. in 2013, Littelfuse
Littelfuse
solid state electronics. By the late 1970s, it was becoming apparent that a software processor-based system could have the potential to succeed relay
Solid_State_Interlocking
American manufacturer of power systems products
voltage regulator. The company also manufactures solid-state and multifunction digital protective relays, generator and engine controls, and static excitation
Basler_Electric
Electronic component
circuit that opens or closes the contacts of a mechanical relay or of a solid state relay. (power transistor, thyristor, triac, etc.), which activates
Twilight_switch
Active electronic circuit controlling the current through a load
mechanism. Other operating principles are also used (for instance, solid-state relays invented in 1971 control power circuits with no moving parts, instead
Electronic_switch
American entrepreneur (1941-2011)
which produced electromechanical relays, where he developed and patented the first commercially produced solid state relays. Mankovitz was awarded several
Roy_Mankovitz
Wind turbines of 500 W to 10 kW power
batteries reach a certain voltage, turns on the load using a solenoid or solid-state relay, the latter of which has the added benefit of "failing open". Proper
Small_wind_turbine
Lighting system of a motor vehicle
relay coil, causing the relay contacts to open and close. Modern cars now use a relaxation oscillator and solid-state relay built into the body control
Automotive_lighting
Concept in switch design
electronic power contact arc suppressors, solid state relays, hybrid power relays, mercury displacement relays and hybrid power contactors. Arc suppression
Contact_protection
can be an electromechanical relay or a solid-state relay. The 'switch' is normally closed (NC) in the de-energized state but held open when power is applied
Signal_timing
Electrical capacitor with an insulating plastic film as the dielectric
(including motors, inverters, and electronic ballasts, as well as solid-state relay snubbers and spark quenchers) from sending and receiving electromagnetic
Film_capacitor
voltage at close to 0 volts in the AC cycle. This is in relation to solid-state relays, such as TRIACs and silicon controlled rectifiers. The purpose of
Zero-crossing_control
Standardized computer chip nomenclature
Retrieved 12 June 2016. "Оптроны и твердотельные реле" [Optocouplers and solid state relays] (in Russian). Oryol: OAO "Proton". Retrieved 30 May 2016. "Микросборки
Soviet integrated circuit designation
Soviet_integrated_circuit_designation
United States Army hospital
and Ultrasonic Cleaners, Linear Circuits, Spectrophotometers and Solid State Relays, advanced troubleshooting, cryogenics primer, high and low capacity
Fitzsimons Army Medical Center
Fitzsimons_Army_Medical_Center
The International Standard on Solid-State Relays, Ed 1, Section 3.1.11 Gurevich, Vladimir (2011). Digital protective relays: problems and solutions. Boca
Conditional short-circuit current
Conditional_short-circuit_current
Microcontroller built onto a single printed circuit board
enough current to directly operate devices like lamps or motors, so solid-state relays are operated by the microcontroller digital outputs, and inputs are
Single-board_microcontroller
Suppressor Solid state relays are not electromechanical, have no contacts, and, thus, do not create electrical arcs. Hybrid power relays Hybrid power
Arc_suppression
vehicles, measurement, monitoring, pumps, relay drivers 3D printing Electric power distribution – solid-state power switch (SSPS) and circuit breakers
List_of_MOSFET_applications
Arrangement of railway signal apparatus
remained popular until the 1980s when solid state interlocking and control systems began to replace the older relay plants of all types. Modern interlockings
Interlocking
System for high-speed testing of electronic devices
electromechanical relays can offer. However, they provide a useful trade-off between increasing speed and maintaining signal integrity. Solid-state relays can switch
Automatic_test_switching
Character in Metal Gear
Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. This suit monitors Raiden's biological functions and relays this information to the Sons of Liberty. In Metal Gear Solid 4:
Raiden_(Metal_Gear)
Device to trip a circuit breaker when a fault is detected
over-frequency, and under-frequency. Microprocessor-based solid-state digital protection relays now emulate the original devices, as well as providing types
Protective_relay
Polarity-switching electronic circuit
representation of such a circuit. An H-bridge is built with four switches (solid-state or mechanical). When the switches S1 and S4 (according to the first figure)
H-bridge
Arrangement of relays used to control machinery
but have been progressively superseded with modern solid-state controls in recent years. Relay logic is also used for controlling and automation purposes
Relay_logic
Electrical switch operated by an applied magnetic field
Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1936 by Walter B. Ellwood into the reed relay. In its simplest and most common form, it consists of a pair of ferromagnetic
Reed_switch
by scientific advancements. The series initially follows the mercenary Solid Snake. In the Metal Gear games, he goes on government missions to find the
Characters of the Metal Gear series
Characters_of_the_Metal_Gear_series
Inexpensive gyroscope based on vibration
hemispherical resonator gyroscope or HRG, a wine-glass resonator uses a thin solid-state hemisphere anchored by a thick stem. The hemisphere with its stem is
Vibrating_structure_gyroscope
Oscillator that produces a nonsinusoidal repetitive waveform
feedback loop containing a switching device such as a transistor, comparator, relay, op amp, or a negative resistance device like a tunnel diode, that repetitively
Relaxation_oscillator
Early form of digital logic developed by Philips
for solid-state hard-wired programmed logic controllers (the predecessors of programmable logic controllers (PLC)) to replace electro-mechanical relay logic
NORBIT
2008 video game
Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots is a 2008 action-adventure stealth game developed by Kojima Productions and published by Konami for the PlayStation
Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots
Metal_Gear_Solid_4:_Guns_of_the_Patriots
Quantum computing implementation
Superconducting quantum computing is a branch of quantum computing and solid-state physics that implements superconducting electronic circuits as qubits
Superconducting quantum computing
Superconducting_quantum_computing
Japanese video game designer (born 1963)
Solid: Rising, as a producer and Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker as writer, director, and producer. When interviewed at Gamescom 2009, Kojima stated that
Hideo_Kojima
Transmission of information via microwaves
transmitters, and then later to TD3 that used solid-state electronics.[citation needed] Remarkable were the microwave relay links to West Berlin during the Cold
Microwave_transmission
Office skyscraper in Manhattan, New York
trucks made material deliveries at the building site every day. A series of relay and erection derricks, placed on platforms erected near the building, lifted
Empire_State_Building
American conservative activist and former swimmer
200 freestyle race and winning a silver medal in the 4 × 200 yd freestyle relay; she made the All-SEC First Team that year. She was the 2022 SEC Women's
Riley_Gaines
British railway signalling technology
start, they controlled Solid State Interlockings (SSIs), a software version of the traditional relay interlocking, but existing relay interlockings may also
Integrated Electronic Control Centre
Integrated_Electronic_Control_Centre
and data storage Operating system: DOS Thermocouples quantity: 32 Solid state relays quantity: 24 Programming language: C++ Hosted experiments quantity:
Spacecraft Systems and Controls Lab
Spacecraft_Systems_and_Controls_Lab
Electromechanical device
similar in purpose (although greatly different in operation) to the solid-state power inverter. Before the development of switch-mode power supplies
Vibrator_(electronic)
Telephone switch that interconnects telephone circuits
an electronic switching system (ESS) is a telephone switch that uses solid-state electronics, such as digital electronics and computerized common control
Electronic_switching_system
Diode that emits light from an organic compound
area of research is the development of white OLED devices for use in solid-state lighting applications. There are two main families of OLED: those based
OLED
Voltage-spike stopping diode across an inductor
Similarly, for non-mechanical solid-state switching (i.e., a transistor), large voltage drops across an unactivated solid-state switch can destroy the component
Flyback_diode
Type of junction-gate field effect transistor
Capacitor types Ceramic resonator Crystal oscillator Inductor Relay reed relay mercury relay Other devices Hall effect sensor SQUID Spin valve Magnetic tunnel
Static_induction_transistor
First generation programmable computers
electromechanical relays and followed by systems built from discrete transistors. Often vacuum-tube computers made extensive use of solid-state ("crystal")
List_of_vacuum-tube_computers
Semiconductor light source
are transducers of electricity into light. Electroluminescence from a solid state diode was discovered in 1906 by Henry Joseph Round of Marconi Labs, and
Light-emitting_diode
Type of capacitor
anodization. This oxide layer acts as the dielectric of the capacitor. A solid, liquid, or gel electrolyte covers the surface of this oxide layer, serving
Electrolytic_capacitor
Ukrainian cruise missile
kilometers. The military production facility that was targeted produced relay protection systems, automation systems, and low-voltage equipment. The plant
FP-5_Flamingo
Capacitor types Ceramic resonator Crystal oscillator Inductor Relay reed relay mercury relay Other devices Hall effect sensor SQUID Spin valve Magnetic tunnel
Trisil
velocity of the stone tomahawk was measured, but the results were not relayed on the airing of the show. Alan Tafoya then threw iron tomahawks at wood
List of Deadliest Warrior episodes
List_of_Deadliest_Warrior_episodes
System for remotely starting vacuum cleaners
Energy for asset tracking, configuration of tools and monitoring of battery state. Bluetooth design and application development was undertaken by Laird Connectivity
Makita_AWS
2026 video game
stating that the exploration was "genuinely fun", although not necessarily more than other Metroidvanias, but not less. He said it delivered "solid genre
God_of_War_Sons_of_Sparta
2026 Indian film by Anurag Singh
airfield from certain destruction. On the evening of that same day, the radio relays news of the martyrdom of Nirmal Jit Singh Sekhon and Mahendra Singh Rawat
Border_2
First-run airings of the ITV medical dramedy
engagement party. Ruth does her homework and sees that Al has presented a solid business plan, and she agrees to it with the stipulation that Al manage
List_of_Doc_Martin_episodes
missile". Iran International. May 4, 2025. "Iran unveils new solid-fueled ballistic missile, state TV reports". The Washington Post. Associated Press. May
2025–2026 Iran–United States negotiations
2025–2026_Iran–United_States_negotiations
Dutch swimmer (born 1999)
North Carolina State University under Head Coach Braden Holloway. At NC State, in 2023, he was an NCAA Champion in the 200 medley relay. He was an All
Nyls_Korstanje
Communication satellite
the Indian telecommunications space relay infrastructure despite the failure of one solar panel to deploy. Solid-propellant based Apogee Boost Motor to
Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment
Ariane_Passenger_Payload_Experiment
(October 18, 2024). "Thursday Ratings: Georgie & Mandy's First Marriage Solid Debut and Matlock Time Slot Premiere Gives CBS Victory Among Broadcast Networks"
List of Ghosts (American TV series) episodes
List_of_Ghosts_(American_TV_series)_episodes
built. 1962 29 January: Oxford transmitting station at Beckley begins relaying BBC radio and television. 9 April: Windrush Tower, the first tower block
Timeline_of_Oxford
Mixture with a lower melting point than its constituents
phase to the solid phase on the phase diagram for that alloy. Some uses for eutectic alloys include: NEMA eutectic alloy overload relays for electrical
Eutectic_system
American defense technology company
reportedly link up, using a conventional rule-based system to form a 'swarm', to relay data amongst themselves to increase effective range to a Lattice station
Anduril_Industries
Transport of medication by dog-sled relay across Alaska
and The Serum Run, was a transport of diphtheria antitoxin by dog sled relay across the US territory of Alaska by 20 mushers and about 150 sled dogs
1925_serum_run_to_Nome
2026?". McClatchy. Retrieved March 21, 2024. A spokesperson for Comer...relayed that Comer has no interest in running for senate even if McConnell does
2026 United States Senate election in Kentucky
2026_United_States_Senate_election_in_Kentucky
1975 pinball machine
change from EM games is that solid state games could register all hits of targets whereas EM games could only activate one relay at a time so if multiple
The_Spirit_of_'76_(pinball)
American swimmer (born 1985)
Phelps swam the lead-off leg for the 4×200-meter freestyle relay. Phelps put up a solid time of 1:46.60 (an American record) but the Americans could
Michael_Phelps
and he bolted for home. Duda took the throw for the second out but his relay to the plate was wide right, pulling d'Arnaud away from the play and allowing
2015_in_baseball
Upcoming multi-sport event
multi-sport event. This edition celebrates the centennial of the Olympic torch relay, a tradition that began in 1936. The host city will be selected in 2029
Bids for the 2036 Summer Olympics
Bids_for_the_2036_Summer_Olympics
Railway signal interlocking using computers
older technologies such as relays or mechanics. So it is a special subset (but most common implementation) of Solid State Interlocking systems today.
Computer-based_interlocking
Season of television series
chefs competed in Season 24, consisting of each chef being from a different state. Notes Chef was eliminated in the post-mortem, without nomination Chef was
Hell's Kitchen (American TV series) season 24
Hell's_Kitchen_(American_TV_series)_season_24
forces, from the AN/APG-76 Doppler radar; the ground picture could be relayed to ground forces, such as in the Battle of Khafji on 29 January 1991; Royal
List_of_Equinox_episodes
1976 pinball machines
with the solid state version of Grand Prix, was created to test the technology and reliability of the games. Over half the switches, relays, and solenoids
Aztec_(pinball)
2025 Japanese film by Genki Kawamura
Exit 8 should achieve solid cult status beyond Japan". Clarence Tsui from South China Morning Post gave it 3 stars out of 5, stating that "Genki Kawamura
Exit_8_(film)
U.S. military walkie-talkie, post WW-II
converted into single channel solid state one watt units housed inside the original casing. These updated solid state versions were given various designations
AN/PRC-6
Uncontrolled fire in forests or open spaces
the human respiratory system. Evidence of the health effects should be relayed to the public so that exposure may be limited. The evidence can also be
Wildfire
1976 pinball machines
converted to solid state by December 1977. It is the also the second machine used by Williams to create a small run of prototypes of solid state machines
Grand_Prix_(pinball)
High-rating electrical circuit switch
A contactor is a type of relay (electrically operated switch) with high power rating (current rating and voltage rating). Contactors usually refer to
Contactor
Major League Baseball team season
the Red Sox went to the bullpen for the 6th inning after getting five solid frames from Dobbins, who finished with a scoreline of three earned runs
2025_Boston_Red_Sox_season
Campaign of the web series Critical Role
even be split into multiple parts. Chris DeVille, for The Verge in 2017, stated Critical Role is "arguably the most popular and influential D&D liveplay
Critical_Role_campaign_one
Class of Indian partially reusable launch vehicles under development by ISRO
than the S-12 on PSLV, to burn longer; 2 × S-60, which appears to be a new solid motor development; 2 × S-139, which is the first stage of PSLV and GSLV
Next Generation Launch Vehicle
Next_Generation_Launch_Vehicle
Fictional weapon
Marines' Metal Gear RAY before the events of Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater reveals that Metal Gear's design originates
Metal_Gear_(mecha)
solid-state magnesium/cupric sulfide rectifier (a device that converted regular household electric current for use in radios), the vacuum tube relay,
Samuel_Ruben
Season of television series
for the fourth campaign, Mercer appears in a player-role. Rolling Stone stated that "the inclusion of Mulligan is huge, but not entirely surprising" given
Critical_Role_campaign_four
2019 film by Jake Kasdan
adjusting to their avatars and have trouble with Milo not being able to relay information quickly, and Eddie's volatile carelessness costing them several
Jumanji:_The_Next_Level
Season of television series
(December 8, 2025). "Tuesday TV Ratings 12/2/25: Dancing with the Holidays Solid but Well Below Dancing with the Stars Average, NCIS: Origins Jumps, Murder
NCIS_season_23
SOLID STATE-RELAY
SOLID STATE-RELAY
Biblical
nativity; generation;begetter;
Boy/Male
Muslim
Solid structure
Boy/Male
Indian
Solid
Girl/Female
Biblical
Nativity, generation.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Solid
Male
English
English surname transferred to unisex forename use, TATE means "cheerful."
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Solid
Girl/Female
Arabic, British, Danish, English, Muslim
Solid; Strong
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Strong; Solid
Boy/Male
Muslim
Solid
Girl/Female
Muslim
Strong, Solid
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a slater, from Middle English slate ‘slate’.
Boy/Male
Indian
Firm, Solid
Surname or Lastname
Spanish and Asturian-Leonese (SolÃs)
Spanish and Asturian-Leonese (SolÃs) : habitational name from SolÃs in Asturies or a similarly named place elsewhere.English : from a medieval personal name bestowed on a child born after the death of a sibling, from Middle English solace ‘comfort’, ‘consolation’. The word also came to have the sense ‘delight’, ‘amusement’, and in some cases the surname may have arisen from a nickname for a playful or entertaining person.
Boy/Male
Indian
Solid structure
Girl/Female
Indian
Strong, Solid
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Solid Redemption
Boy/Male
Tamil
Solid redemption
Boy/Male
Muslim
Firm, Solid
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Parsi
Firm; Solid
SOLID STATE-RELAY
SOLID STATE-RELAY
Girl/Female
Indian
Luminous, Shining
Boy/Male
Hindu
Boy/Male
Indian, Modern, Tamil, Traditional
Lord Krishna
Boy/Male
Finnish Greek
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Covell.
Female
Hungarian
Pet form of Hungarian Jolán, JOLA means "violet flower."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Favor, Grace
Biblical
lividness
Male
Hebrew
(טï‹×‘ִיָה) Hebrew name TOWBIYAH means "God is good." In the bible, this is the name of several characters, including a Babylonian exile returnee. Also spelled Toviya.
Boy/Male
British, English
From the Ridge Meadow
SOLID STATE-RELAY
SOLID STATE-RELAY
SOLID STATE-RELAY
SOLID STATE-RELAY
SOLID STATE-RELAY
n.
To render impervious or solid by driving with a calking iron; as, to stave lead, or the joints of pipes into which lead has been run.
a.
Belonging to the state, or body politic; public.
n.
The state; the general body politic; the common-wealth; the general interest; state affairs.
a.
Having all the geometrical dimensions; cubic; as, a solid foot contains 1,728 solid inches.
n.
The likeness of a living being sculptured or modeled in some solid substance, as marble, bronze, or wax; an image; as, a statue of Hercules, or of a lion.
a.
Firm; compact; strong; stable; unyielding; as, a solid pier; a solid pile; a solid wall.
n.
The bodies that constitute the legislature of a country; as, the States-general of Holland.
v. t.
To express the particulars of; to set down in detail or in gross; to represent fully in words; to narrate; to recite; as, to state the facts of a case, one's opinion, etc.
n.
Rank; condition; quality; as, the state of honor.
a.
Not hollow; full of matter; as, a solid globe or cone, as distinguished from a hollow one; not spongy; dense; hence, sometimes, heavy.
v. t.
To place, as a statue; to form a statue of; to make into a statue.
v. t.
To cover with slate, or with a substance resembling slate; as, to slate a roof; to slate a globe.
n.
Any body of men united by profession, or constituting a community of a particular character; as, the civil and ecclesiastical states, or the lords spiritual and temporal and the commons, in Great Britain. Cf. Estate, n., 6.
n.
Estate; state.
a.
Sound; not weakly; as, a solid constitution of body.
a.
Recurring at regular time; not occasional; as, stated preaching; stated business hours.
n.
One who states.
n.
Estate, possession.
imp. & p. p.
of State
a.
United; without division; unanimous; as, the delegation is solid for a candidate.