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Microbe with cell wall mostly removed
A spheroplast (or sphaeroplast in British usage) is a microbial cell from which the cell wall has been almost completely removed, as by the action of
Spheroplast
Cell stripped of cell-wall
enzymatic means. Protoplasts differ from spheroplasts in that their cell wall has been completely removed. Spheroplasts retain part of their cell wall. In the
Protoplast
Breaking down of the membrane of a cell
if penicillin was used on gram-negative bacteria, then it is called a spheroplast. Cytolysis occurs when a cell bursts due to an osmotic imbalance that
Lysis
Laboratory technique in electrophysiology
applied to the study of bacterial ion channels in specially prepared giant spheroplasts. Patch clamping can be performed using the voltage clamp technique. In
Patch_clamp
Group of antibiotics derived from fungi
Gram-negative bacteria do not lose their cell walls completely and are called spheroplasts after treatment with penicillin. Penicillin shows a synergistic effect
Penicillin
Enzyme mixture
is an enzyme mixture used to degrade the cell wall of yeast and form spheroplasts. Essential activities of zymolyase include β-1,3-glucan laminaripentao-hydrolase
Zymolyase
Species of bacterium
Caenispirillum deserti is a Gram-negative, Vibrio-shaped, aerobic, spheroplast-forming and motile bacterium from the genus Caenispirillum which has been
Caenispirillum_deserti
Bacterial growth form that lack cell walls, derived from different bacteria
cell walls. Two types of L-forms are distinguished: unstable L-forms, spheroplasts that are capable of dividing, but can revert to the original morphology
L-form_bacteria
Class of proteins
example filamentation, pseudomulticellular forms, lesions leading to spheroplast formation, and eventual cell death and lysis. PBPs have been shown to
Penicillin-binding_proteins
Class of broad-spectrum antibiotics
and divide in the presence of β-lactam antibiotics (right) fail to do so, and instead shed their cell walls, forming osmotically fragile spheroplasts.
Β-Lactam_antibiotic
American gastroenterologist (1884–1983)
paratuberculosis sheds its cellular wall in humans and takes the form of a spheroplast, making it virtually undetectable under an optical microscope. This theory
Burrill_Bernard_Crohn
Antibiotic medication
Bacteria attempting to grow and divide in the presence of ertapenem shed their cell walls, forming fragile spheroplasts.
Ertapenem
American biochemist
of alkaline phosphatase from cells of Escherichia coli upon lysozyme spheroplast formation". Biochemistry. 3I (12): 1889–1893. doi:10.1021/bi00900a017
Bernard_Horecker
Chemical compound
fradiae isolated from soil samples for the ability to cause formation of spheroplasts by growing bacteria. The discovery was described in a series of papers
Fosfomycin
Biochemical interaction through which a drug produces its pharmacological effect
compound. With antibacterial agents, the conversion of target cells to spheroplasts can be an indication that peptidoglycan synthesis is being inhibited
Mechanism_of_action
Antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals
periplasm while the inner membrane remains sealed as vesicles called the spheroplast. For example, E. coli can be lysed using lysozyme to free the contents
Lysozyme
Chemical compound
doi:10.1016/0009-3084(89)90003-0. Barker DC, Thorne KJ (November 1970). "Spheroplasts of Lactobacillus casei and the cellular distribution of bactoprenol"
Bactoprenol
Region between the inner and outer membrane
enzymes from Escherichia coli by osmotic shock and during the formation of spheroplasts". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 240 (9): 3685–3692. doi:10
Periplasm
Specialized anatomy and physiology of bacteria
called a protoplast while if it's partially removed, it is called a spheroplast. Beta-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin inhibit the formation of
Bacterial_cell_structure
Group of transport proteins
a ramp of negative pressure to a patch excised from an E. coli giant spheroplast gave a small conductance (MscS; ~1 nS in 400 mM salt) with a sustained
Small-conductance mechanosensitive channel
Small-conductance_mechanosensitive_channel
Group of transport proteins
MscL was first discovered on the surface of giant Escherichia coli spheroplasts using patch-clamp technique. Subsequently, the Escherichia coli MscL
Large-conductance mechanosensitive channel
Large-conductance_mechanosensitive_channel
Genetic alteration of a cell by uptake of genetic material from the environment
cells may be treated with enzymes to degrade their cell walls, yielding spheroplasts. These cells are very fragile but take up foreign DNA at a high rate
Genetic_transformation
Bacterium with synthetic genome
secondary assemblies were isolated, joined and transformed into yeast spheroplasts without a vector sequence (present in assembly 811-900). The genome of
Mycoplasma_laboratorium
The following is a partial list of the "A" codes for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM)
List_of_MeSH_codes_(A11)
Medical Subject Headings
The following is a partial list of the "B" codes for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM)
List_of_MeSH_codes_(B03)
Type of membrane proteins
archaea and plants. MscS channel was found after studies in E. coli spheroplasts. The identification of the gene family necessitated for MS of small conductance
Mechanosensitive_channels
Type of physical variation in bacteria
a broad range of morphological changes in bacterial cells including spheroplast, protoplast and ovoid cell formation, filamentation (cell elongation)
Bacterial morphological plasticity
Bacterial_morphological_plasticity
Polymeric protein inclusions
toxin delivery system. R bodies are also capable of rupturing E. coli spheroplasts, demonstrating that they can rupture membranes in a foreign context,
R_bodies
Causes of tick-borne disease
PMID 32457042. S2CID 218911807. Atlas of Borrelia (images of spirochetal, spheroplast and granular forms) NCBI Taxonomy Browser – Borrelia Borrelia burgdorferi
Microbiology_of_Lyme_disease
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