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Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the spinal cord (spinal fMRI) is an adaptation of the fMRI method that has been developed for use in the
Spinal_fMRI
MRI procedure that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow. This technique
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional_magnetic_resonance_imaging
Aspect of human sexuality
vaginocervical self-stimulation and orgasm in women with complete spinal cord injury: fMRI evidence of mediation by the vagus nerves". Brain Research. 1024
Sexuality after spinal cord injury
Sexuality_after_spinal_cord_injury
Contrast mechanism for functional magnetic resonance imaging
for fMRI. The primary application of SEEP to date has been fMRI of the spinal cord (spinal fMRI) because the bone/tissue interfaces around the spinal cord
Signal enhancement by extravascular water protons
Signal_enhancement_by_extravascular_water_protons
Central organ of the human nervous system
The human brain is the central organ of the nervous system, and with the spinal cord, comprises the central nervous system. It consists of the cerebrum
Human_brain
Perception of limbs that never existed
has had a limb removed from the body and still receives input from it. An fMRI study of a subject with a supernumerary phantom left arm was done by Khateb
Supernumerary_phantom_limb
Distorted model of the body corresponding to sensory and motor nerve density
arrangement using techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Penfield referred to his creations as "grotesque creatures" due to their
Cortical_homunculus
Organ central to the nervous system
(rhombencephalon, subdivided into metencephalon and myelencephalon). The spinal cord, which directly coordinates somatic functions below the head, can be
Brain
American sexologist (1941–2026)
concluded that more research was required. Her techniques included using fMRI scans to gather evidence on what was happening in the brain. Her animal experiments
Beverly_Whipple
Perception of meaningful patterns or images in random or vague stimuli
imaging (fMRI) study in 2011 similarly showed that repeated presentation of novel visual shapes that were interpreted as meaningful led to decreased fMRI responses
Pareidolia
Support-cells in the nervous system
are non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (the brain and the spinal cord) and in the peripheral nervous system that do not produce electrical
Glia
Set of techniques to measure and visualize aspects of the nervous system
brain imaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), are common in neuroimaging but rarely used in neuroradiology. Neuroimaging
Neuroimaging
Physical substance of the human organism
the brain and the spinal cord; and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), composed of the nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord. The CNS is
Human_body
Maintenance of body posture in space
cortical structures noted with increase in demands of locomotor tasks. Using FMRI, Jahn et al. 2004 studied the activation pattern with three imagined conditions
Postural_control
Part of the brain's frontal cortex
down the spinal cord to synapse onto the interneuron circuitry of the spinal cord and also directly onto the alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord which
Primary_motor_cortex
Disorder of consciousness caused by severe brain damage
yes or no questions on fMRI scans. However, it is unclear whether the fact that portions of the patients' brains light up on fMRI will help these patient
Vegetative_state
Hallucination involving perception of tactile input
faulty integration of the tactile sensory neural signals generated in the spinal cord and the thalamus and sent to the primary somatosensory cortex (SI)
Tactile_hallucination
Type of neuron associated with empathy
found in the macaque monkey. However, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can examine the entire brain at once and suggests that a much wider network
Mirror_neuron
Region of the cerebral cortex involved in voluntary movement
transform goals into patterned activity in descending pathways to brainstem and spinal motor circuits, enabling dexterous eye, face and limb actions. Modern work
Motor_cortex
Nerve system for sensing touch, temperature, body position, and pain
the primary somatosensory cortex. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data shows that increased blood-oxygen-level contrast (BOLD) signal in the
Somatosensory_system
Nucleus surrounding the cerebral aqueduct
Eisenberger NI, Lieberman MD, Williams KD (October 2003). "Does rejection hurt? An FMRI study of social exclusion". Science. 302 (5643): 290–2. Bibcode:2003Sci.
Periaqueductal_gray
Connection between brain and computer
Tilman Gaber, Giuseppina Rota, Andrea Kuebler and Niels Birbaumer(2007) "FMRI Brain–Computer Interface: A Tool for Neuroscientific Research and Treatment[link
Brain–computer_interface
Overview of and topical guide to the human brain
nerve, calling what is left the spinal accessory nerve. Hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve 12) – muscles of the tongue Spinal cord – bundle of neurons that
Outline_of_the_human_brain
Midline region in front of the motor cortex of the brain
the body map is not apparent. Neurons in the SMA project directly to the spinal cord and may play a role in the direct control of movement. Possible functions
Supplementary_motor_area
Mapping senses to the central nervous system
electrical stimulation of the cortex, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are some of the techniques used to study maps in the brain. Many of the
Topographic map (neuroanatomy)
Topographic_map_(neuroanatomy)
Domesticated species of canid
different messages. A study using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has shown that dogs respond to both vocal and nonvocal voices using the
Dog
Set of neuroscience techniques
such as maps projecting (measures of) behavior onto brain regions (see fMRI). One such map, called a connectogram, depicts cortical regions around a
Brain_mapping
Disorder of consciousness
analgesia in patients with MCS. A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study found that minimally conscious state patients showed activation in
Minimally_conscious_state
Symptom
include quantitative sensory testing, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), EMG, brain mapping, and measures of cytokines and neurotrophines in the
Nociplastic_pain
Intense physical sensation of sexual release
was first reported among people who had spinal cord injuries. Although sexual function and sexuality after spinal cord injury are very often impacted, this
Orgasm
Type of brain cell
astroglia, are characteristic star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. They perform many functions, including biochemical control of endothelial
Astrocyte
Therapy to regain or improve neurocognitive function that has been lost or diminished
relative activations of different brain areas. Such technologies may include fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) and positron emission tomography
Rehabilitation (neuropsychology)
Rehabilitation_(neuropsychology)
Neural activity coordinating the brain and the body
transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body. The brain and spinal cord are interwoven with the body and interact with other organ systems
Brain–body_interaction
Oxygen shortage of the brain
typically cause lesions which are detected via the use of neuroimaging such as fMRI. The risk of silent stroke increases with age but may also affect younger
Cerebral_hypoxia
Scientific study of the nervous system
Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system (the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system), its functions, and its disorders. It
Neuroscience
Region of the parietal lobe of the brain
which now have been confirmed by fMRI upon resting-state functional connectivity to also exist in humans (parallel fMRI research has also been done upon
Precuneus
Pain perceived at a location other than the site of the painful stimulus
converge onto the same spinal neuron, and explains why referred pain is believed to be segmented in much the same way as the spinal cord. Additionally, experimental
Referred_pain
Portion of the mammalian cerebral cortex
emotions of themselves and of others) of sixty-three healthy subjects. Using fMRI EI was measured in correlation with left insular activity. The subjects were
Insular_cortex
Attempts to explain religious experience in neuroscientific terms
scientific and cultural studies. Such studies include but are not limited to fMRI and EEG scans, theological studies, and anthropological studies. By using
Neuroscience_of_religion
Part of the human brain
meta-analysis of functional imaging studies[citation needed]. A recent prospective fMRI study that was designed to distinguish phonemic and syllable representations
Premotor_cortex
Deep groove separating the two cerebral hemispheres of the vertebrate brain
fiber-tracking (FT) algorithms and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is used to image these bundles. For instance, occipital-callosal fiber tracts
Longitudinal_fissure
Neoplasm in the brain
the treatment by monitoring tumor cerebral blood volume. Functional MRI (fMRI) – measures blood flow changes in active parts of the brain while the patient
Brain_tumor
Molecule used to overcome antibiotic resistance in bacteria
Decreases Cocaine Cue Reactivity in Addiction-Related Brain Areas, a Randomized fMRI Pilot Study". Psychopharmacol Bull. 54 (2): 8–14. doi:10.64719/pb.4485. PMC 11003254
Clavulanic_acid
Overview of and topical guide to brain mapping
further defined as the study of the anatomy and function of the brain and spinal cord through the use of imaging (including intra-operative, microscopic
Outline_of_brain_mapping
Neurodegenerative disease caused by head injury
progress in in-vivo diagnostic techniques for CTE had been made, using DTI, fMRI, MRI, and MRS imaging; however, more research needs to be done before any
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Chronic_traumatic_encephalopathy
Philosophy of neuroscience
neuroscience criticize fMRI for relying too heavily on this assumption. Michael Anderson points out that subtraction-method fMRI misses a lot of brain
Neurophilosophy
Season of television series
Cheng October 22, 2025 (2025-10-22) 1105 5.28 Charles challenges automated FMRI diagnosis pushed by new psychiatrist Rabari when dealing with a furniture
Chicago_Med_season_11
Ability of the brain to continuously change
networks, with improvements observed in both task-based and resting-state fMRI analyses. Beyond clinical rehabilitation, music has been shown to induce
Neuroplasticity
Technique of brain electric stimulation therapy
before placing the electrode by using a brain imaging technique such as fMRI or PET. Once the electrodes are placed correctly, the stimulation can be
Transcranial direct-current stimulation
Transcranial_direct-current_stimulation
Organic chemical that functions both as a hormone and a neurotransmitter
positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), have shown that the amount of dopamine release is dependent on the strength
Dopamine
French medical organization
Bureau of the Sanctuary". "Neurobiological effects of Lourdes water: An fMRI study" (PDF). Schienle, Anne; Gremsl, Andreas; Wabnegger, Albert (2021).
Lourdes_Medical_Bureau
Delimited medium where some stimuli can evoke neuronal responses
images. This property was one of the earliest major results obtained through fMRI (Kanwisher, McDermott and Chun, 1997); the finding was confirmed later at
Receptive_field
Movements that reflect nervous system changes
research on motor learning is concerned with which parts of the brain and spinal cord represent movements and motor programs and how the nervous system processes
Motor_learning
Application of experimental method to psychological research
posterior (dorsal) roots of the spinal cord, and motor nerves emerge from the anterior (ventral) roots of the spinal cord.[citation needed] Eleven years
Experimental_psychology
Neurological measurement
Recently it has been shown by integrating simultaneously acquired EEG and fMRI that SMA and aMCC have strong reciprocal connections that act to sustain
Bereitschaftspotential
pain information. Moreover, multiple functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies with several species of fishes have shown that when suffering from
Pain_in_fish
Network or circuit of neurons
areas. Such technologies may include functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), brain positron emission tomography (brain PET), and computed axial tomography
Neural_circuit
Learning style
Glover, G., & Gabrieli, J. "The Neural Basis of Visual Skill Learning: An fMRI Study of Mirror Reading". Cerebral Cortex. Jan/Feb 1998. Vogel, R., Sary
Visual_learning
Medical intervention
from treatment for cancer, diabetes, heart disease, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, psychiatric disorders, or any other injury or disease process
Cognitive rehabilitation therapy
Cognitive_rehabilitation_therapy
Impressions of sensory information
of research regarding its role, capacity, and duration. Already however, fMRI studies have revealed that specific neurons in the prefrontal cortex are
Sensory_memory
Medical condition
lesions are present in the basal ganglia in primary spasmodic torticollis, fMRI and PET studies have shown abnormalities of the basal ganglia and hyper activation
Spasmodic_torticollis
Discipline in biomedical engineering
neuroimaging technologies include functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and
Neural_engineering
Therapeutic technique
processing. Two other studies used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI): one showed that high-frequency TENS produced a decrease in pain-related
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
Transcutaneous_electrical_nerve_stimulation
Form in which people experience and express themselves sexually
(2011). "Women's clitoris, vagina, and cervix mapped on the sensory cortex: fMRI evidence". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 8 (10): 2822–2830. doi:10.1111/j
Human_sexuality
Inherited neurodegenerative disorder
neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), can show changes in brain activity
Huntington's_disease
Mechanisms that form the human nervous system
to the spinal cord, and constitutes the developing ventricular system of the CNS. Because the neural tube gives rise to the brain and spinal cord any
Development of the nervous system in humans
Development_of_the_nervous_system_in_humans
Image analysis and scientific visualization software
to present information derived from fMRI (using MRI to assess blood flow in the brain related to neural or spinal cord activity), DTI (using MRI to measure
3D_Slicer
Upper region of primate torso
(2011). "Women's Clitoris, Vagina, and Cervix Mapped on the Sensory Cortex: fMRI Evidence, Surprise finding in response to nipple stimulation". The Journal
Breast
Set of computer-assisted technologies
method for image-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation validated with fMRI and motor-evoked potentials". NeuroImage. 21 (4): 1805–17. doi:10.1016/j
Neuronavigation
Representation in the mind of objects, activities or events, whether they existed or not
biological foundation of mental imagery is not fully understood. Studies using fMRI have shown that the lateral geniculate nucleus and the V1 area of the visual
Mental_image
Neurophilosophical study of topics related to free will
studies mainly used electroencephalography, more recent studies have used fMRI, single-neuron recordings, and other measures. Researcher Itzhak Fried says
Neuroscience_of_free_will
Irish neuroscientist (1970–2025)
demonstrating that it is possible to decode people's memories from the pattern of fMRI activity in the hippocampus. Maguire's interest was mainly focused on the
Eleanor_Maguire
Relationship between handedness and the nervous system
"Colateralization of Broca's area and the visual word form area in left-handers: fMRI evidence". Brain & Language. 122 (3): 171–178. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2011.11
Neuroanatomy_of_handedness
Part of the nervous system
sensory nerve fibers, which shows us that the information coming into the spinal cord is originally separate. Each sensory receptor has its own "labeled
Sensory_nervous_system
Structure in the brain
resonance imaging (fMRI) scan looks at oxygenated blood levels in the brain as a way of observing the activity of specific cortical areas. fMRI scans show dampened
Claustrum
Study of human body movement
2008). "Central adaptation following heterotopic hand replantation probed by fMRI and effective connectivity analysis". Experimental Neurology. 212 (1): 132–44
Kinesiology
Form of epilepsy that may be related to a psychiatric problem or a sleep disorder
high spatial resolution from fMRI has implications on certain brain regions contributing to memory. The usage of task fMRI for examination of memory or
Frontal_lobe_epilepsy
demonstrated how the perception of pain relies on visual input. The use of fMRI to study brain activity confirms the link between visual perception and pain
Pain_theories
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
0 T field strength—including neuromelanin-MRI, 1H-MRSI, and resting state fMRI—may detect abnormalities in the substantia nigra, nigrostriatal pathway,
Parkinson's_disease
Controlling biological cells with light
activation has been combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to elucidate the connectome, a thorough map of the brain's neural connections
Optogenetics
Sensation accompanied with a strong compulsion to act on it
particular valence. It is transmitted via the spinothalamic tract through the spinal cord, and can be associated[vague] with reflex actions such as the scratch
Affective_sensation
Disparity in sexual satisfaction
vaginocervical self-stimulation and orgasm in women with complete spinal cord injury: fMRI evidence of mediation by the Vagus nerves". Brain Research. 1024
Orgasm_gap
Relative brain size measure
the Holocaust. However, with the advent of imaging techniques such as the fMRI and PET scan, several scientific studies were launched to suggest a relationship
Encephalization_quotient
Class of transport proteins
treatment of Parkinson's disease in rats, and the combination with fMRI (opto-fMRI). Other labs have pioneered the combination of ChR2 stimulation with
Channelrhodopsin
Hypothetical process of digitally emulating a brain
activity, using advanced neuroimaging technology such as functional MRI (fMRI, for mapping change in blood flow), magnetoencephalography (MEG, for mapping
Mind_uploading
One of three classes of nerve fiber in the nervous system
patient fMRI's when subjected to varying frequencies of heat pulses. The fMRI maps show common areas activated by the TSSP responses which include contralateral
Group_C_nerve_fiber
Application of neuroscience in law
not be used. The rapid growth of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research has led to new insights on neuroanatomical structure and function
Neurolaw
Brainwaves, repetitive patterns of neural activity in the central nervous system
reproduce resting-state BOLD functional maps, which can be measured using fMRI. Both single neurons and groups of neurons can generate oscillatory activity
Neural_oscillation
Medical imaging technique
congenital heart disease. Applications in the musculoskeletal system include spinal imaging, assessment of joint disease, and soft tissue tumors. MRI techniques
Magnetic_resonance_imaging
Forms of rhythm generated by the central nervous system
retinohypothalamic tract. The SCN evokes a response from the spinal cord. Preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord modulate the superior cervical ganglia, which
Neuroscience_of_rhythm
Phenomenon in psycholinguistics
imaging (fMRI) is a neuroimaging technology that uses nuclear magnetic resonance to measure blood oxygenation levels in the brain and spinal cord. Because
Prediction in language comprehension
Prediction_in_language_comprehension
Study of senses and nervous system
"Integration of visual and tactile signals from the hand in the human brain: an FMRI study". J Neurophysiol. 105 (2): 910–22. doi:10.1152/jn.00840.2010. PMC 3059180
Multisensory_integration
Neuronal events sufficient for a specific conscious percept
inferior temporal and parts of the prefrontal cortex are necessary. A number of fMRI experiments that have exploited binocular rivalry and related illusions to
Neural correlates of consciousness
Neural_correlates_of_consciousness
Condition of not having enough sleep
owls" and "early birds", or different sleep chronotypes, as revealed by fMRI and graph theory. A 2009 review found that sleep loss had a wide range of
Sleep_deprivation
Overview of the events of 2022 in science
protocols (which use the active ingredient in psilocybin mushrooms), providing fMRI data about a correlated likely major effect mechanism – global increases
April–June_2022_in_science
American anesthesiologist, pain medicine physician, and clinical researcher
applied to the ear in veterans with fibromyalgia, using functional MRI (fMRI) to assess treatment-related changes in brain structure and connectivity
Anna_Woodbury
Visual impairment caused by a brain problem
techniques that do not depend on the patient's words and actions, such as fMRI scanning, or the use of electrodes to detect responses to stimuli in both
Cortical_visual_impairment
Sensory system that receives and integrates information from the body
a diversity of neural pathways, in particular from the lamina I of the spinal cord along the spinothalamic pathway and through the projections of the
Interoception
German neurologist
Bereitschafts-BOLD response was coined by Ross Cunnington et al. in event-related fMRI studies at the Department of Clinical Neurology and the Department of Radiodiagnostics
Lüder_Deecke
Brain parts regulating brain blood flow
Neuroimaging techniques that directly or indirectly monitor blood flow, such as fMRI and PET scans, can thus measure and locate activity in the brain with precision
Neurovascular_unit
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SPINAL FMRI
SPINAL FMRI
SPINAL FMRI
SPINAL FMRI
SPINAL FMRI
SPINAL FMRI
SPINAL FMRI
SPINAL FMRI
SPINAL FMRI
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