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Concept in thermodynamics and fluid mechanics
thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, stagnation temperature is the temperature at a stagnation point in a fluid flow. At a stagnation point, the speed of the fluid
Stagnation_temperature
Sum of the static and dynamic pressure
flow, the stagnation enthalpy or stagnation temperature plays a role similar to the stagnation pressure in incompressible flow. Stagnation pressure is
Stagnation_pressure
Physical quantity of hot and cold
of temperature – Method to measure temperature quantitatively Sea surface temperature – Water temperature close to the ocean's surface Stagnation temperature –
Temperature
Model of fluid flow through a frictionless constant-area duct with heat transfer
temperature, velocity and stagnation pressure are shown below, respectively. They are represented graphically along with the stagnation temperature ratio
Rayleigh_flow
Device used to measure properties of a fluid flow
A Kiel probe is a device for measuring stagnation pressure or stagnation temperature in fluid dynamics. It is a variation of a pitot probe where the inlet
Kiel_probe
Fluid flow temperature in aviation
In aviation, stagnation temperature is known as total air temperature and is measured by a temperature probe mounted on the surface of the aircraft. The
Total_air_temperature
Speed that exceeds five times the speed of sound (Mach 5 and above)
total enthalpy (MJ/kg), total pressure (kPa-MPa), stagnation pressure (kPa-MPa), stagnation temperature (K), or flow velocity (km/s).[citation needed] Wallace
Hypersonic_speed
Turbojet engine component
entry) temperature, resulting in a significant increase in engine thrust. In addition to the increase in afterburner exit stagnation temperature, there
Afterburner
Interceptor aircraft, British, 1960s–1980s
stability and monitor temperatures at higher Mach. The aircraft was equipped with a temperature probe to monitor the stagnation temperature, up to a never-exceed
English_Electric_Lightning
and fluid mechanics, the stagnation enthalpy of a fluid is the static enthalpy of the fluid at a stagnation point. The stagnation enthalpy is also called
Stagnation_enthalpy
Model of fluid flow
heating back into the flow. Although the flow temperature remains constant, a change in stagnation temperature occurs because of a change in velocity. The
Isothermal_flow
Solar thermal collector systems
stagnation temperature higher than the maximum safe operating temperature. Various measures are taken for optical overheating protection. Stagnation temperatures
Optical overheating protection
Optical_overheating_protection
Device that collects heat
the melting point of polypropylene is 160 °C (320 °F), while the stagnation temperature of insulated thermal collectors can exceed 180 °C (356 °F) if control
Solar_thermal_collector
Fluid flow through a narrow opening with no change in entropy
fluid dynamics, a stagnation point is a point in a flow field where the local velocity of the fluid is zero. The isentropic stagnation state is the state
Isentropic_nozzle_flow
Branch of fluid mechanics
steady, and adiabatic flow of a perfect gas is assumed. Stagnation temperature and stagnation enthalpy are the same upstream and downstream of the shock
Compressible_flow
Fluid flow through a constant-area duct with friction
}}\right]} The above equation can be rewritten in terms of a static to stagnation temperature ratio, which, for a calorically perfect gas, is equal to the dimensionless
Fanno_flow
Supersonic atmospheric jet engine
at stoichiometric fuel:air ratios. This implies a combustor exit stagnation temperature of the order of 2,400 K (2,130 °C; 3,860 °F) for kerosene. Normally
Ramjet
Principle relating to fluid dynamics
some point, this point is called a stagnation point, and at this point the static pressure is equal to the stagnation pressure. If the fluid flow is irrotational
Bernoulli's_principle
Device for separating compressed gas into hot and cold streams
{r}}}{c_{p}}}={\mbox{const}}} , where T {\displaystyle T} is the total, or stagnation temperature of the rotating gas at radial position r → {\displaystyle {\vec
Vortex_tube
Topics referred to by the same term
a former French regional airline Total air temperature, sometimes referred to as Stagnation Temperature Transcontinental Air Transport, a former US airline
Tat
Phenomenon in fluid dynamics
the stagnation properties like stagnation pressure ( p 0 {\displaystyle p_{0}} ), stagnation temperature ( T 0 {\displaystyle T_{0}} ) and stagnation density
Prandtl–Meyer_expansion_fan
Dimensionless number characterising the behavior of particles suspended in a fluid flow
normal shock wave of Mach number M = 2 {\displaystyle M=2} at a stagnation temperature of 298 K. A propylene glycol particle of d p = 1 μ m {\displaystyle
Stokes_number
Machine for continuous flow gas compression
momentum. The pressure rise results in a stagnation temperature rise. For a given geometry the temperature rise depends on the square of the tangential
Axial_compressor
Technologies to store thermal energy
molten salts and other high temperature TES include that (1) the temperature required is only the stagnation temperature typical of a solar flat plate
Thermal_energy_storage
Device that extracts energy from a fluid flow
across stage T {\displaystyle T} is the turbine entry total (or stagnation) temperature u {\displaystyle u} is the turbine rotor peripheral velocity Δ
Turbine
duct. Because the flow is adiabatic, unlike in Rayleigh flow, the stagnation temperature is a constant. Compressibility effects often come into consideration
Mass_injection_flow
Calculations in aerodynamics
Mach number can be calculated along with the pressure, density, temperature, and stagnation pressure ratios. Such tables are useful since the equations used
Normal_shock_tables
p_{02}} = stagnation pressure at compressor inlet and outlet T 01 {\displaystyle T_{01}} and T 02 {\displaystyle T_{02}} = stagnation temperature at compressor
Compressor_characteristic
Jet engine where combustion takes place in supersonic airflow
include a region which acts as a flame holder, although the high stagnation temperatures mean that an area of focused waves may be used, rather than a discrete
Scramjet
Type of nuclear reactor cooled by molten salt
occurred after 1986 due to the Chernobyl accident, along with a general stagnation of nuclear power and the nuclear industry. Agency, Nuclear Energy; OECD
Molten-salt_reactor
constant, p t {\textstyle p_{t}} is the stagnation pressure, and T t {\textstyle T_{t}} is the stagnation temperature. Setting the mass flow rates equal at
Kantrowitz_limit
Aspects of fluid mechanics involving fluid flow
special name—a stagnation point. The static pressure at the stagnation point is of special significance and is given its own name—stagnation pressure. Bernoulli's
Fluid_dynamics
Psychological disorder
account of the Mental Health Act 2007 Pettyjohn, Clifton (2017-04-07). From Stagnation to Transformation: A 21 Day Coaching Actuation Designed to Manumit PURPOSE
Arrested_development
"Normal shocks" are a fundamental type of shock wave. The waves, which are perpendicular to the flow, are called "normal" shocks. Normal shocks only happen
Thermodynamic relations across normal shocks
Thermodynamic_relations_across_normal_shocks
Force distributed over an area
static pressure, it may have a higher stagnation pressure when forced to a standstill. Static pressure and stagnation pressure are related by: p 0 = 1 2
Pressure
Speed of sound wave through elastic medium
altitude and, therefore, a standard temperature. Aircraft flight instruments need to operate this way because the stagnation pressure sensed by a Pitot tube
Speed_of_sound
causes non-uniformity in radial velocity, stagnation pressure, stagnation enthalpy, and stagnation temperature. Distribution in both tangential and radial
Three-dimensional losses and correlation in turbomachinery
Three-dimensional_losses_and_correlation_in_turbomachinery
List of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in aerospace engineering
constant. Total air temperature – In aviation, stagnation temperature is known as total air temperature and is measured by a temperature probe mounted on
Glossary of aerospace engineering
Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
Airbreathing jet engine designed to provide thrust by driving a fan
flow separation occurs (i.e. losses) may be regarded as a loading limit. Stagnation pressure also known as total pressure; pressure of the fluid if all the
Turbofan
effect Staebler–Wronski effect Staggered fermion Stagnation point Stagnation pressure Stagnation temperature Stall (flight) Stall delay Stall strips Stan
Index_of_physics_articles_(S)
Compressible flow velocity limiting effect
with the Venturi effect. When a flowing fluid at a given pressure and temperature passes through a constriction (such as the throat of a convergent-divergent
Choked_flow
Speed of an aircraft relative to the surrounding air
facing the on-coming air flow to measure pitot pressure (also called stagnation, total or ram pressure) and one or more static ports to measure the static
Airspeed
Measure of energy in a thermodynamic system
Departure function Hess's law Isenthalpic process Laws of thermodynamics Stagnation enthalpy Standard enthalpy of formation Thermodynamic databases Thermodynamics
Enthalpy
Aerodynamic theorem
specific volume, p 0 {\displaystyle p_{0}} is the stagnation pressure, T {\displaystyle T} is temperature, s {\displaystyle s} is specific entropy, h {\displaystyle
Crocco's_theorem
Water temperature changes resulting in degraded water quality
any process that changes ambient water temperature. Thermal pollution is the rise or drop in the temperature of a natural body of water caused by human
Thermal_pollution
Accumulation of cold air in a topographic depression
at the surface if the temperature in the pool is below freezing. The stagnation also reduces the electrical production of wind farms in the area. Peter
Cold-air_pool
Propagating disturbance
the stagnation enthalpy remains constant over both regions. However, entropy is increasing; this must be accounted for by a drop in stagnation pressure
Shock_wave
Thermodynamic cycle
step incoming gas is compressed, usually by turbomachinery. Stagnation pressure and temperature increase because of the work done on the gas by the compressor
Humphrey_cycle
Relation in aerospace engineering
heating Atmospheric entry Hypersonic flight Stagnation point Fay, J. A.; Riddell, F. R. (1958). "Theory of Stagnation Point Heat Transfer in Dissociated Air"
Fay-Riddell_equation
Flight faster than Mach 5 below 90 km
competition between the United States, India, Russia, and China. The stagnation point of air flowing around a body is a point where its local velocity
Hypersonic_flight
Iron-based alloy resistant to rust and corrosion
condensation. Temperature: increasing temperature increases susceptibility. Acidity: increasing acidity increases susceptibility. Stagnation: stagnant conditions
Stainless_steel
Street lined by very tall buildings on both sides, typically in large cities
building is shorter, a stagnation point can be identified on the windward face of the taller building. The region below this stagnation point is called the
Urban_canyon
Concept in turbomachinery design
beneficial feature for hypersonic propulsion systems, where high stagnation temperatures can exceed the limits of traditional turbomachinery materials.
Exoskeletal_engine
American college football season
21–0 at the end of the first quarter. The second quarter saw a lot of stagnation, with UTEP missing another field goal to start the second. Oklahoma would
2026 Oklahoma Sooners football team
2026_Oklahoma_Sooners_football_team
Passage of an object through the gases of an atmosphere from outer space
heating.[original research?] The distance from the shock wave to the stagnation point on the entry vehicle's leading edge is called shock wave stand off
Atmospheric_entry
Situation where cities are warmer than surrounding areas
which urban areas experience significantly warmer temperatures than surrounding rural areas. The temperature difference is usually larger at night than during
Urban_heat_island
Flame with temperature below about 400 °C
A cool flame is a flame having a typical temperature of about 400 °C (752 °F). In contrast to an ordinary hot flame, the reaction is not vigorous and
Cool_flame
Layer of silicate rock
Mierlo, W. L.; Langenhorst, F.; Frost, D. J.; Rubie, D. C. (May 2013). "Stagnation of subducting slabs in the transition zone due to slow diffusion in majoritic
Earth's_mantle
Species of plant
While it adapts well to various soil types, it will suffer under water stagnation, and thus prefers well drained soils, or even rocky terrain. University
Delosperma_cooperi
Gases emitted as a result of fuel reactions in combustion engines
from excessive combustion temperatures, and particulate matter (mostly soot) from incomplete combustion. Exhaust gas temperature (EGT) is important to the
Exhaust_gas
Traditional East Asian medicine practice involving skin scraping
that appear on the skin post-treatment. In TCM, sha is associated with stagnation or blockages in the body’s energy (qi) and blood, which practitioners
Gua_sha
American entrepreneur and venture capitalist (born 1967)
advocates "for a dramatic, right-wing political turn to address technological stagnation". Nick Land attributed Thiel's 2009 essay "The Education of a Libertarian"
Peter_Thiel
Country in Northwestern Europe
the British economy, and was followed by a period of weak growth and stagnation. The Cameron–Clegg coalition government of 2010 introduced austerity measures
United_Kingdom
Prison in Bucharest, Romania
generally callous (with new arrivals being strip-searched in freezing temperatures), and that a spoils system was run by the common criminals (known as
Văcărești_Prison
Technology using sunlight for heat
reduces or even eliminates the occurrence of no-flow high temperature stresses called stagnation which would otherwise reduce the life expectancy of collectors
Solar_thermal_energy
Form of atypical pneumonia
Keep water temperature either below or above the 20–55 °C (68–131 °F) range in which the Legionella bacterium thrives. Prevent stagnation, for example
Legionnaires'_disease
Country in Eastern Europe and North Asia
era of the 1970s and the early 1980s was later designated as the Era of Stagnation. The 1965 Kosygin reform aimed for partial decentralisation of the Soviet
Russia
British Overseas Territory in the Leeward Islands
Kitts and Nevis in 1882, against the wishes of many Anguillans. Economic stagnation, the severe effects of several droughts in the 1890s, and then the Great
Anguilla
Country in Southwestern Europe
created a gold rush from Portugal to Brazil, and led to prolonged economic stagnation, permanent reduction of income growth, and the interruption of the institutional
Portugal
Areas of seawater, freshwater, or groundwater that are depleted of dissolved oxygen
per litre. This condition is generally found in areas that have water stagnation and/or dead stratification. The United States Geological Survey defines
Anoxic_waters
Branch of dynamics concerned with studying the motion of air
less than 5%. Furthermore, that maximum 5% density change occurs at the stagnation point (the point on the object where flow speed is zero), while the density
Aerodynamics
Engine in which fuel combusts with an oxidizer
circuit. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion applies direct force to
Internal_combustion_engine
Irreversible thermodynamic process in which a volume of gas expands into a vacuum
change, the stagnation of flow in the receiving chamber converts kinetic energy of flow back into random motion so that the temperature climbs to its
Joule_expansion
Country in West Asia
climate with very high day-time temperatures during the summer and a sharp temperature drop at night. Average summer temperatures are around 45 °C (113 °F)
Saudi_Arabia
Weather phenomenon
surface air (which is likely to be near the temperature of the water surface). Specifically, the air temperature at an altitude where the air pressure is
Lake-effect_snow
Genus of carnivorous synapsids from the Permian
analysis found evidence of Dimetrodon and several "pelycosaurs" clades had a stagnation or even a decline in diversity for 20 Ma in contrast to their rapid diversification
Dimetrodon
Country in North America
ideological conflict between Conservatives and Liberals, and economic stagnation. Former Royal Army General Agustín de Iturbide became regent, as newly
Mexico
Type of turbine
this is an energy transformation process, the stagnation enthalpy remains constant but the stagnation pressure decreases (p01 > p02) due to losses. The
Radial_turbine
Afterburning turbofan engine that powers the F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting Falcon
exhaust resulting in high pressure waves causing the engine to stall; these stagnation stalls usually occurred at high Mach and high altitude, and could seriously
Pratt_&_Whitney_F100
Country in East Asia
in the early 1990s, it has experienced a prolonged period of economic stagnation referred to as the Lost Decades. Japan is a constitutional monarchy with
Japan
Pinched tube generating supersonic flow
nozzle to be significantly above ambient at all times (equivalently, the stagnation pressure of the jet must be above ambient). In addition, the pressure
De_Laval_nozzle
Equations of motion for viscous fluids
are sometimes accompanied by an equation of state relating pressure, temperature and density. They arise from applying Newton's second law to fluid motion
Navier–Stokes_equations
Shock wave that is inclined with respect to the incident upstream flow direction
more favourable post-shock conditions (smaller increase in entropy, less stagnation pressure loss, etc.) when compared to utilizing a single normal shock
Oblique_shock
Term in fluid mechanics
static pressure in some situations. Pascal's law Stagnation pressure Standard conditions for temperature and pressure Clancy, L.J., Aerodynamics, page 21
Static_pressure
and dynamic pressures; this measurement is called the total pressure or stagnation pressure. Since dynamic pressure is referenced to static pressure, it
Pressure_measurement
Triatomic oxygen molecule
weakly diamagnetic. At standard temperature and pressure, ozone is a pale blue gas that condenses at cryogenic temperatures to a dark blue liquid and finally
Ozone
Third and last period of the Mesozoic Era
coccolithophores, a type of algae that prospered in the Cretaceous seas. Stagnation of deep-sea currents in middle Cretaceous times caused anoxic conditions
Cretaceous
Higher temperatures due to movement through air
of the vehicle. Some heat is produced by fluid compression at and near stagnation points such as the vehicle nose and wing leading edges. Additional heat
Aerodynamic_heating
Simultaneous generation of electricity and useful heat
at moderate temperatures (100–180 °C (212–356 °F) can also be used in absorption refrigerators for cooling. The supply of high-temperature heat first drives
Cogeneration
Capital and most populous city of Sweden
temperature has not dropped to below −25.1 °C (−13.2 °F) since 10 January 1987. The warmest month ever recorded was July 2018 with a mean temperature
Stockholm
Strong wind
smoke advisory Ash Ashfall advisory Ashfall warning Air pollution Air stagnation advisory Air quality alert Fire Red flag warning Fire warning Evacuation
Gale
Flame where the fuel and oxidizer are mixed before combustion
Here, the pre-mixed gases flow in such a way so as to form a region of stagnation (zero velocity) where the flame may be stabilized. In this configuration
Premixed_flame
Capital and largest city of Montenegro
Podgorica, but the entire country was greatly affected with severe economic stagnation and hyperinflation lasting throughout the 1990s due to international sanctions
Podgorica
Country in Southeast Asia and Oceania
437.1012M. doi:10.1038/nature04022. PMID 16229067. Muammar, E. (2025). "Stagnation of Achievements of Indonesian Athletes at the International Level". Journal
Indonesia
Chemical with a high vapor pressure at room temperature
(VOCs) are organic compounds that have a high vapor pressure at room temperature. They are common and exist in a variety of settings and products, not
Volatile_organic_compound
Design parameter of gas turbines
compressor stages. The compressor pressure ratio is the ratio of the stagnation pressures at the front and rear of the compressor of a gas turbine. Overall
Overall_pressure_ratio
City in Andalusia, Spain
Pedroches, peaking at a population of about 50,000 by 1571. A period of stagnation and ensuing decline followed. It was reduced to 20,000 inhabitants in
Córdoba,_Spain
5-day heat wave leading to over 700 heat-related deaths
powerful factor in the heat wave was that a temperature inversion grew over the city, and air stagnated in this situation. Pollutants and humidity were
1995_Chicago_heat_wave
Dimensionless number describing relative pressures in a fluid flow field
C p {\displaystyle C_{p}} of one corresponds to the stagnation pressure and indicates a stagnation point. the most negative values of C p {\displaystyle
Pressure_coefficient
Separation of water in a lake into distinct layers
caused by the fact that water is less dense at temperatures other than 4 °C or 39 °F (the temperature where water is most dense). Lake stratification
Lake_stratification
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