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Philosophy of science concept emphasizing the need for alternative hypotheses
In philosophy of science, strong inference is a model of scientific inquiry that emphasizes the need for alternative hypotheses, rather than a single hypothesis
Strong_inference
1953 railway accident in New Zealand
girder was removed during the passage of the locomotive, there is a strong inference that some part of the heavy structure of the locomotive would have
Tangiwai_disaster
Process of drawing correct inferences
the premises make it more likely that the conclusion is true and strong inferences make it very likely. Some uncertainty remains because the conclusion
Logical_reasoning
U.S. federal statute also known as PSLRA
to allege a "strong inference" of intentional fraud, the inference must be "cogent" and "at least as compelling as any opposing inference of nonfraudulent
Private Securities Litigation Reform Act
Private_Securities_Litigation_Reform_Act
Interplay between observation, experiment, and theory in science
confirmation bias that results from entertaining a single hypothesis, strong inference emphasizes the need for entertaining multiple alternative hypotheses
Scientific_method
Study of correct reasoning
formal and informal logic. Formal logic is the study of deductively valid inferences or logical truths. It examines how conclusions follow from premises based
Logic
Steps in reasoning
Inferences are steps in logical reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences. Inference is traditionally divided into deduction and induction
Inference
Automatic detection of the type of an expression in a formal language
In type theory, type inference (sometimes called type reconstruction) is the automatic detection of the type of an expression. These include programming
Type_inference
American physicist (1918–1992)
professor at the University of Chicago, noted for his pioneering work on strong inference in the 1960s and his analysis of social science in the 1970s. Platt
John_R._Platt
Proposed description of the scientific method
Scientific method Verifiability theory of meaning Will to believe doctrine Strong inference Abductive reasoning Deductive reasoning Inductive reasoning Analogy
Hypothetico-deductive_model
Inference method in biological sciences
extant birds makes this a fairly strong inference, yet not as strong as a level 1 inference. Level 3 — The inference of a character that leaves a bony
Phylogenetic_bracketing
Statistical technique used to examine construct validity
tenet is consistent with the ideas proposed in Platt's concept of Strong inference (1964). Truly different methodology – When using multiple methods,
Multitrait-multimethod_matrix
Intent or knowledge of wrongdoing
the requirement that a plaintiff must plead facts giving rise to a "strong inference" of scienter. The meaning of scienter under the 1995 law has been controversial
Scienter
British anthropologist
through reasoning with abduction, which already in Aristotle is a less strong inference than induction and deduction, more intuitive and concise. Gell takes
Alfred_Gell
Component of artificial intelligence systems
In the field of artificial intelligence, an inference engine is a software component of an intelligent system that applies logical rules to the knowledge
Inference_engine
1979 amusement park fire in Milson's Point, New South Wales, Australia
.. If the matters contained in this report are found to support a strong inference of Saffron ownership or involvement in this company then the question
Sydney_Ghost_Train_fire
Physiological hypothesis
adaptive. Further refined by Raymond B. Huey and David Berrigan under the strong inference approach, the hypothesis has been falsified as a general rule by a
Beneficial acclimation hypothesis
Beneficial_acclimation_hypothesis
Form of reasoning
Deductive reasoning is the process of drawing valid inferences. An inference is valid if its conclusion follows logically from its premises, meaning that
Deductive_reasoning
Involuntary aspect of visual perception
In perceptual psychology, unconscious inference (German: unbewusster Schluss), also referred to as unconscious conclusion, is a term coined in 1867 by
Unconscious_inference
assumptions about the progress of science through history. 1964 – Strong inference—a model of scientific inquiry that emphasizes the need for alternative
Timeline of the history of the scientific method
Timeline_of_the_history_of_the_scientific_method
Mathematical statistics distance measure
Anderson, D.R. (2001). "Kullback–Leibler information as a basis for strong inference in ecological studies". Wildlife Research. 28 (2): 111–119. doi:10
Kullback–Leibler_divergence
Method of logical reasoning
Harman defends a strong version of liberal inductivism according to which enumerative induction is just a disguised form of inference to the best explanation"
Inductive_reasoning
Concepts underlying statistical methods
theoretical frameworks that ground and justify methods of statistical inference, estimation, hypothesis testing, uncertainty quantification, and the interpretation
Foundations_of_statistics
2007 United States Supreme Court case
a "strong inference" of scienter (a mental state embracing intent to deceive, manipulate, or defraud). The Court held that a reasonable inference of scienter
Tellabs, Inc. v. Makor Issues & Rights, Ltd.
Tellabs,_Inc._v._Makor_Issues_&_Rights,_Ltd.
Legal term - Latin for "the thing speaks for itself"
Scots law. In English tort law, the effect of res ipsa loquitur is a strong inference in favour of the claimant that negligence has taken place. It does
Res_ipsa_loquitur
Type system used in computer programming and mathematics
which a type is to be inferred. This is in strong contrast to many other attempts to derive type inference algorithms, which often came out to be NP-hard
Hindley–Milner_type_system
American geologist and educator (1843–1928)
the scientific method, was an inspiration for the approach called strong inference, and was reprinted in 1965. In 1892 Chamberlin accepted the offer to
Thomas_Chrowder_Chamberlin
Method of deduction
the statement "if it is raining then it is cloudy." The only logical inference that one can draw from this is that "if it is not cloudy then it is not
Plausible_reasoning
Fields of scientific study
June 2015. Retrieved 10 August 2018. Platt, J. R. (16 October 1964). "Strong Inference: Certain systematic methods of scientific thinking may produce much
Hard_and_soft_science
Medical device used to count cells
If it is too dilute, the sample size will not be enough to make strong inferences about the concentration in the original mixture. By performing a redundant
Hemocytometer
Process in logic
In logic, inference is the process of deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true. In checking a logical inference for formal
Material_inference
Extent to which a programming language discourages type errors
S2CID 11319320. Tofte, Mads (1988). Operational Semantics and Polymorphic Type Inference (Thesis). Henriksen, Troels; Elsman, Martin (17 June 2021). "Towards size-dependent
Type_safety
American biopharmaceutical company
unmatched nature of the study. That inference is entirely speculative and does not rise to the required strong inference; plaintiff's allegation is not at
Medivation
Nautical tradition of body art
practice itself. Ira Dye wrote that "the tattooing of American (and by strong inference, European) seafarers was a common and well-established practice at
Sailor_tattoo
Study of mental functions and behaviors
(sometimes called subjects) to rival conditions allows researchers to make strong inferences about causal relationships. When there are large numbers of research
Psychology
Provisional version pending further research
the scientific method, was an inspiration for the approach called strong inference, and was reprinted in 1965. Peirce held that, as a matter of research
Working_hypothesis
Misuse of data analysis
correction, more sophisticated selective inference methods are available. The most common selective inference method is the use of Benjamini and Hochberg's
Data_dredging
Formal fallacy in statistical interpretation
ecological inference fallacy or population fallacy) is a formal fallacy in the interpretation of statistical data that occurs when inferences about the
Ecological_fallacy
Mistaking an imagined possibility for a real probability
causes the individual to overestimate the threat. Inverse inference, the inverse of normal inference, is a critical concept of inferential confusion. A person
Inferential_confusion
Israeli software company
lawsuit, the Court noted that plaintiff had failed to establish a strong inference of scienter and failed to plead facts showing a primary violation of
Mind_CTI
Spontaneous trait inference is the term utilised in social psychology to describe the mechanism that causes individuals to form impressions of people
Spontaneous_trait_inference
5th and 6th-century Irish monk and saint
Masters identified the wrong Mainchín. O'Hanlon and others felt a strong inference can be made that Manchan of Mohill and Manchán of Lemanaghan are identical
Manchán_of_Mohill
Balkundi, P.; Harrison, D.A. (2006). "Ties, leaders, and time in teams: Strong inference about network structure's effects on team viability and performance"
Multiteam_system
Chemical compound
conformation drastically upon binding to cyclic di-GMP. This leads to the strong inference that conformational changes in PilZ domains allow the activity of targeted
Cyclic_di-GMP
Statement supporting a conclusion
with the premises. For example, it is stronger if many instances were observed. An abductive argument is an inference to the best explanation. Its premises
Premise
Thought experiment on artificial intelligence
no understanding created by running a program. Clearly, whether that inference is valid or not turns on a metaphysical question about the identity of
Chinese_room
Evidence indirectly supporting conclusion
conclusions drawn from the others. Together, they may more strongly support one particular inference over another. An explanation involving circumstantial
Circumstantial_evidence
1994 book written by Gary King, Robert Keohane, and Sidney Verba
Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research (or KKV) is an influential 1994 book written by Gary King, Robert Keohane, and
Designing_Social_Inquiry
Discussion of the meaning and usage of the terms evolution, fact and theory
Gould 2002. Bell 2008, p. 492. Platt, John R. (October 16, 1964). "Strong Inference". Science. 146 (3642): 347–353. Bibcode:1964Sci...146..347P. doi:10
Evolution_as_fact_and_theory
Theory that regions of the brain are specialized for functions
incorporates many controversies with the validly, over-assumptions and strong inferences some of these images are trying to illustrate. For instance, there
Functional specialization (brain)
Functional_specialization_(brain)
Lost ancient Indian epic
used to reconstruct the Bṛhatkathā in its totality. However, some strong inferences can be made about its content based on their similarities. Due to
Brihatkatha
Methods for determining rate laws of chemical reactions and to elucidate their mechanisms
Bibcode:1934JAChS..56..658L. doi:10.1021/ja01318a036. Platt, J. R. (1964). "Strong Inference". Science. 146 (3642): 347–353. Bibcode:1964Sci...146..347P. doi:10
Reaction progress kinetic analysis
Reaction_progress_kinetic_analysis
Refutation of a logical fallacy
system. The main difference between causal inference and inference of association is that causal inference analyzes the response of an effect variable
Correlation does not imply causation
Correlation_does_not_imply_causation
Conflict-related sexual violence affecting Tamil ethnic group
exposed, accompanied by lurid comments by SLA soldiers, raising a strong inference that rape or sexual violence may have occurred prior to or after execution
Sexual violence against Tamils in Sri Lanka
Sexual_violence_against_Tamils_in_Sri_Lanka
How the Amendments of the 1965 Voting Rights Act expanded through 2006
a strong inference that intentional discrimination occurred." So the new rule is really the same as Mobile, albeit with the words "strong inference" tossed
Amendments to the Voting Rights Act of 1965
Amendments_to_the_Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965
Treatment for OCD
Inference-based therapy (IBT), also known as inference-based cognitive behavioral therapy (I-CBT), originated as a form of cognitive therapy developed
Inference-based_therapy
proper standard for determining whether a plaintiff has alleged a "strong inference" of scienter under the PSLRA Morse v. Frederick 551 U.S. 393 (2007)
List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Roberts Court
List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Roberts_Court
Military strategy during the Cold War with regard to the use of nuclear weapons
thought is that potential attacking states are not likely to draw strong inferences about a defending states resolve from prior conflicts because potential
Deterrence_theory
Statistical interpretation with many tests
rate (FWER). The larger the number of inferences made in a series of tests, the more likely erroneous inferences become. Several statistical techniques
Multiple_comparisons_problem
Theory of analogical reasoning
evaluating an inference in terms of correctness, individuals compare the inference to their existing knowledge to determine whether the inference is true or
Structure-mapping_theory
Consortium of American law firms
"The `inevitability or foreseeability of consequences' permits `a strong inference that the adverse effects were desired.'" The Employment Opportunity
Chicago Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law
Chicago_Lawyers'_Committee_for_Civil_Rights_Under_Law
Scottish feudal lord (died 1358)
on the father's side, and in the fourth degree on the mother's. A strong inference thus arises that Sir James's grandmother, wife of Sir Alexander, was
James Lindsay of Crawford (died 1358)
James_Lindsay_of_Crawford_(died_1358)
Scientific study of psychological changes in humans over the course of their lives
points to cause-and-effect relationships. This method allows for strong inferences to be made of causal relationships between the manipulation of one
Developmental_psychology
American judge (born 1944)
in [the defendant]” failed to plead facts sufficient to raise the strong inference of fraud required to meet the specificity requirements for pleading
Dennis_Jacobs
Unpredictable phenomenon in complex systems
measurement data, of memory, and of time available for estimation and inference. The discovery of structure in an environment depends more critically
Emergence
Type of argument
and this connection is expressed as a rule of inference. Argumentation schemes can include inferences based on different types of reasoning—deductive
Argumentation_scheme
infringement. The court also said that the parties' agreements "provide a strong inference that patents extend to all licensed products involved in this suit
United States v. Westinghouse Electric Co.
United_States_v._Westinghouse_Electric_Co.
Philosophical problem-solving principle
known entities for inferences to unknown entities." Around 1960, Ray Solomonoff founded the theory of universal inductive inference, the theory of prediction
Occam's_razor
Large language model by Meta AI
paper describing the model's training, architecture, and performance. The inference code used to run the model was publicly released under the open-source
Llama_(language_model)
Proposition in statistics
because it is inconsistent with the mainstream frequentist approach to inference. While the likelihood function is important to frequentists, they do not
Likelihood_principle
Intelligence of machines
decision support, knowledge discovery (mining "interesting" and actionable inferences from large databases), and other areas. A knowledge base is a body of
Artificial_intelligence
Ethnolinguistic groups in South Asia
Evidence and inference in Indian history, Routledge Guha, Sudeshna (2007), "Review. Reviewed Work: The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian
Indo-Aryan_peoples
Language models designed for reasoning tasks
revise earlier reasoning steps and utilize additional computation during inference as a method to scale performance, complementing traditional scaling approaches
Reasoning_model
Analysis of facts to form a judgment
analysis, inference, evaluation, explanation, and metacognition. According to Reynolds (2011), an individual or group engaged in a strong way of critical
Critical_thinking
Logical rule of inference
elimination and or elimination, or abbreviated ∨E), is a valid rule of inference. If it is known that at least one of two statements is true, and that
Disjunctive_syllogism
American psychometrician (1926–2015)
Molecular Structure and Spectra. John R. Platt, known for his work on strong inference, was his supervisor and Clemens C. J. Roothaan was his lab partner
Benjamin_Drake_Wright
A statistical syllogism (or proportional syllogism or direct inference) is a non-deductive syllogism. It argues, using inductive reasoning, from a generalization
Statistical_syllogism
Inference rule treating non-provability as falsity
Negation as failure (NAF, for short) is a non-monotonic inference rule in logic programming, used to derive n o t p {\displaystyle \mathrm {not} ~p}
Negation_as_failure
Programming language and superset of JavaScript
JavaScript: Type signatures (annotations) and compile-time type checking Type inference Interfaces Enumerated types Generics Namespaces Tuples Syntactically,
TypeScript
1870 book on faith by John Henry Newman
assent by comparing it with inference. The key difference between assent and inference is that assent is unconditional and inference is conditional, i.e., dependent
Grammar_of_Assent
Statistical law in machine learning
training cost. Some models also exhibit performance gains by scaling inference through increased test-time compute (TTC), extending neural scaling laws
Neural_scaling_law
American computational biologist and data scientist
data analysis, focusing on two primary areas: 1. methods for network inference that uncover dynamics and topology from data and 2. methods that learn
Richard_Bonneau
Method of estimating the parameters of a statistical model, given observations
flexible, and as such the method has become a dominant means of statistical inference. If the likelihood function is differentiable, the derivative test for
Maximum_likelihood_estimation
Study of biological and neural mechanisma in behaviour
from one strain on the background genome of another strain to allow stronger inferences about the role of that stretch of DNA. Genetic engineering – The
Behavioral_neuroscience
Social media platform owned by Meta
trial or case-control, meaning they were incapable of drawing causal inferences. The WSJ reported that Instagram can worsen poor body image of young people
Collecting, analyzing, and using information to assess projects
program. Evaluations conducted with random assignment are able to make stronger inferences about causation. Randomly assigning people to participate or to not
Program_evaluation
Computational method in Bayesian statistics
posterior distributions of model parameters. In all model-based statistical inference, the likelihood function is of central importance, since it expresses
Approximate Bayesian computation
Approximate_Bayesian_computation
Theory of brain function
back as early as 1860 with Helmholtz's concept of unconscious inference. Unconscious inference refers to the idea that the human brain fills in visual information
Predictive_coding
Statistical estimation framework for causal inference
Estimation) is a general statistical estimation framework for causal inference and semiparametric models. TMLE combines ideas from maximum likelihood
Targeted maximum likelihood estimation
Targeted_maximum_likelihood_estimation
Hypothesis about sapient life and the universe
know. In its strong version, it is a gratuitous speculation". A further criticism by Mosterín concerns the flawed "anthropic" inference from the assumption
Anthropic_principle
Psychosocial factors in spaceflight
Balkundi, P; Harrison, DA (2006). "Ties, leaders, and time in teams: strong inference about network structure's effects on team viability and performance"
Astronaut organization in spaceflight missions
Astronaut_organization_in_spaceflight_missions
Computer science concept
integers—typically an array. Type inference is in general possible, if it is computable in the type system in question. Moreover, even if inference is not computable
Type_system
Psychological phenomenon
to the difference in theoretical structures, correspondence inferences are more strongly related to behavioral interpretation than causal attributions
Fundamental_attribution_error
Logical rule of inference
tollens (MPT; Latin: "mode that denies by affirming") is a valid rule of inference for propositional logic. It is closely related to modus ponens and modus
Modus_ponendo_tollens
Statistical method
to statistical inference based on the assumption of a parametric model when that assumption is in doubt, or where parametric inference is impossible or
Bootstrapping_(statistics)
Type of statistical analysis
Nonparametric statistics can be used for descriptive statistics or statistical inference. Nonparametric tests are often used when the assumptions of parametric
Nonparametric_statistics
Statistical concept
e-variables unless the alternative is simple (see below under "universal inference"). Bayes factors are e-variables if the null is simple. To see this, note
E-values
Graph of chess rook moves
designs, and domination parameters", Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 76 (1–2): 285–294, doi:10.1016/S0378-3758(98)00132-3, MR 1673351. Stones
Rook's_graph
Probability of making type I errors when performing multiple hypotheses tests
multiple comparisons, each of which relates to a particular statistical inference and each of which has its own separate familywise error rate. Hence, familywise
Family-wise_error_rate
Psychological theory
Correspondent inference theory is a psychological theory proposed by Edward E. Jones and Keith E. Davis (1965) that "systematically accounts for a perceiver's
Correspondent inference theory
Correspondent_inference_theory
STRONG INFERENCE
STRONG INFERENCE
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, English
Strong
Female
English
English name derived from the season name, "spring," (Mar. 21 thru Jun. 21), derived from the verb spring, "to burst forth," from Proto-Indo-European *sprengh-, SPRING means "rapid movement."Â
Male
Vietnamese
Vietnamese name TRUNG means "loyal."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin. Early examples, as for example William Spring (Yorkshire 1280), all point to a personal name or nickname, perhaps going back to an Old English byname derived from the verb springan ‘to jump or leap’ (see Springer 1). Alternatively, it could be a topographic name from Middle English spring ‘young wood’, ‘spring’. Compare Springer. Reaney derives the surname from the word denoting the season, although the word is not attested in this sense until the 16th century, the usual Middle English word being lenten. Compare Lenz. The surname has also been established in Ireland (County Kerry) for several centuries.German : from Middle High German sprinc, Middle Low German sprink ‘spring’, ‘well’, hence a topographic name for someone who lived by a spring or well, or habitational name from Springe near Hannover.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant of Springer.John Spring emigrated from England and settled in Watertown, MA, in 1634.
Surname or Lastname
English (Cornwall)
English (Cornwall) : perhaps, as Reaney suggests, a variant of Strutt.
Male
Vietnamese
Vietnamese name TRONG means "respected."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Stroud.German (Ströde) : topographic name from a dialect word meaning ‘thicket’.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : metonymic occupational name, from Middle English, Old French trone ‘weighing machine’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for an incomer, a newcomer to an area, from Middle English strange ‘foreign’ (a reduced form of Old French estrange, Latin extraneus, from extra ‘outside’).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English strong, strang ‘strong’, generally a nickname for a strong man but perhaps sometimes applied ironically to a weakling.French : translation of Trahand, a metonymic occupational name for a silkworker who drew out the thread from the cocoons (see Trahan).Translation of Ashkenazic Jewish Stark.
Girl/Female
Biblical
His plain; his song.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a maker of strings or bow strings, from Middle English streng ‘string’, ‘cord’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name from Middle English spong ‘narrow strip of land’, or a habitational name from Spong Farm in Elmstead, Kent, which is named with this word.Swedish : topographic or ornamental name from spång ‘footbridge’, ‘plank’.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, British, English
Powerful
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Strong; Stung
Surname or Lastname
English (southern)
English (southern) : habitational name from places in Gloucestershire and Middlesex, so named from Old English strÅd ‘marshy ground overgrown with brushwood’. Strood in Kent is named with the same word, and some examples of the surname are no doubt derived from this term in independent use.
Girl/Female
Indian
Lively, Entertainer, From a stream or a Spring, The Spring season, The Spring season
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Bengali, British, Christian, English, Indian
Springtime; Spring Season; Rapid Movement
Boy/Male
English
Stone
Male
Vietnamese
Vietnamese name TRANG means "honorable."
STRONG INFERENCE
STRONG INFERENCE
Boy/Male
Hindu
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English, French, German, Hebrew, Latin, Swiss
Playful; Medieval Male Name Adopted as a Feminine Name; A Member of the German Tribe; The Gauts; Cheerful; Happy; Joyful
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an Old Norse personal name and byname Lútr (meaning ‘stooping’).
Girl/Female
African, Arabic, Australian, Muslim
Wide-eyed
Male
Egyptian
, the grandson of king Tetet.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, Greek
Pearl; Diminutive of Pearl; After the Name of the Semi-precious Jewel
Female
Greek
Variant spelling of Greek Elene, possibly ELENI means "torch."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place in Cambridgeshire, named in Old English as ‘Mūl’s enclosure’, from Mūl, a personal name or byname meaning ‘mule’ + worð ‘enclosure’. It may also be derived from Mouldsworth in Cheshire, so called from Old English molda ‘crown of the head’, ‘top of a hill’ + worð ‘enclosure’.
Boy/Male
African, German, Zimbabwe
Love
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil
Another Name of Krishna
STRONG INFERENCE
STRONG INFERENCE
STRONG INFERENCE
STRONG INFERENCE
STRONG INFERENCE
superl.
Solid; tough; not easily broken or injured; able to withstand violence; able to sustain attacks; not easily subdued or taken; as, a strong beam; a strong rock; a strong fortress or town.
superl.
Full of spirit; containing a large proportion of alcohol; intoxicating; as, strong liquors.
superl.
Ardent; eager; zealous; earnestly engaged; as, a strong partisan; a strong Whig or Tory.
superl.
Adapted to make a deep or effectual impression on the mind or imagination; striking or superior of the kind; powerful; forcible; cogent; as, a strong argument; strong reasons; strong evidence; a strong example; strong language.
v. t.
To deprive of strings; to strip the strings from; as, to string beans. See String, n., 9.
superl.
Having virtues of great efficacy; or, having a particular quality in a great degree; as, a strong powder or tincture; a strong decoction; strong tea or coffee.
superl.
Well established; firm; not easily overthrown or altered; as, a strong custom; a strong belief.
superl.
Affecting any sense powerfully; as, strong light, colors, etc.; a strong flavor of onions; a strong scent.
v. t.
To furnish with strings; as, to string a violin.
superl.
Solid; nourishing; as, strong meat.
superl.
Tending to higher prices; rising; as, a strong market.
superl.
Having passive physical power; having ability to bear or endure; firm; hale; sound; robust; as, a strong constitution; strong health.
superl.
Having great military or naval force; powerful; as, a strong army or fleet; a nation strong at sea.
imp.
of String
adv.
In a strong manner; so as to be strong in action or in resistance; with strength; with great force; forcibly; powerfully; firmly; vehemently; as, a town strongly fortified; he objected strongly.
a.
Strong.
superl.
Of or pertaining to stone, consisting of, or abounding in, stone or stones; resembling stone; hard; as, a stony tower; a stony cave; stony ground; a stony crust.
superl.
Moving with rapidity or force; violent; forcible; impetuous; as, a strong current of water or wind; the wind was strong from the northeast; a strong tide.
p. p.
of String