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Collection of brainstem nuclei related to hearing
The superior olivary complex (SOC) or superior olive is a collection of brainstem nuclei that is located in pons, functions in multiple aspects of hearing
Superior_olivary_complex
Sensory system used for hearing
parallels BM's and similarly aids in frequency differentiation. The superior olivary complex (SOC), in the pons, is the first convergence of the left and right
Auditory_system
signals project to the superior olivary complex (SOC), a set of brainstem nuclei that consists primarily of two nuclei, the medial superior olive (MSO) and the
Binaural_fusion
Brain structure in the medulla that helps coordinate movement
The inferior olivary nucleus (ION) is a structure found in the medulla oblongata underneath the superior olivary nucleus. In vertebrates, the ION is known
Inferior_olivary_nucleus
Cranial nerve for hearing and balance
fibers, it also transmits motor and modulatory information from the superior olivary complex in the brainstem to the cochlea. The vestibulocochlear nerve consists
Vestibulocochlear_nerve
globular or spherical giving outputs to different parts of the superior olivary complex. Bushy cells are named after their appearance to bushes, having
Bushy_cell
Organ in the medulla part of human brain
is mainly involved in cerebellar motor-learning and function. The superior olivary nucleus, considered part of the pons and part of the auditory system
Olivary_body
Two cranial nerve nuclei of the human brainstem
differing targets in the superior olivary complex. Large spherical bushy cells project to the ipsilateral and contralateral medial superior olive. Globular bushy
Cochlear_nucleus
Component of the auditory system
from the superior olivary complex in the brainstem (pons) to the cochlea. The olivocochlear bundle (OCB) originates in the superior olivary complex in the
Olivocochlear_system
Brain structure
is the main auditory tract in the brainstem that connects the superior olivary complex (SOC) with the inferior colliculus (IC). The dorsal cochlear nucleus
Lateral_lemniscus
(Kölliker-Fuse nucleus) Pontine respiratory group Superior olivary complex Medial superior olive Lateral superior olive Medial nucleus of the trapezoid body
List of regions in the human brain
List_of_regions_in_the_human_brain
Arrangement of sound frequency processing in the brain
most sensitive) of each neuron. However, binaural fusion in the superior olivary complex onward adds significant amounts of information encoded in the signal
Tonotopy
Topics referred to by the same term
optimal broth with catabolite repression, a bacterial growth medium Superior olivary complex System on chip (SoC), in electronic design System organ class,
SOC
Auditory phenomenon in the brain
wave III from the cochlear nucleus, IV showing activity in the superior olivary complex, and wave V with the lateral lemniscus. In 1967, Sohmer and Feinmesser
Auditory_brainstem_response
Difference in time that it takes a sound to travel between two ears
trapezoid body and travels to the superior olivary complex. A group of nuclei in pons make up the superior olivary complex (SOC). This is the first stage
Interaural_time_difference
Phrase used in computer science
signal received by the DCN and passed up the auditory chain to the superior olivary complex on the way to the auditory cortex destination.[citation needed]
Garbage_in,_garbage_out
Snail-shaped part of inner ear involved in hearing
cochlear nuclei themselves, but the signals must also travel to the superior olivary complex of the pons as well as the inferior colliculi for further processing
Cochlea
Interference pattern between signals of similar frequency
originates in the inferior colliculus of the midbrain and the superior olivary complex of the brainstem, where auditory signals from each ear are integrated
Beat_(acoustics)
Neuron cluster of the brain stem
superior olivary complex. Globular bushy cells project large axons to the contralateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), in the superior olivary
Ventral_cochlear_nucleus
Organ of hearing and balance
arrival-times and intensities from each ear, in circuits located in the superior olivary complex and the trapezoid bodies, which are connected via pathways to both
Ear
Neuron cluster in the brainstem
but also receives efferent innervation from the auditory cortex, superior olivary complex and the inferior colliculus. The cytoarchitecture and neurochemistry
Dorsal_cochlear_nucleus
Involuntary tendency of animals to increase their vocal effort when in loud environments
depends upon audio-vocal neurons in the periolivary region of the superior olivary complex and the adjacent pontine reticular formation. It has been suggested
Lombard_effect
Muscle contraction in the middle ear in response to loud sound
(organ of hearing), the auditory nerve, brain stem, facial nerve, superior olivary complex, and cochlear nucleus. Consequently, the absence of an acoustic
Acoustic_reflex
Structure of the brain stem
swellings known as olivary bodies (also called olives). They are caused by the largest nuclei of the olivary bodies, the inferior olivary nuclei. The posterior
Medulla_oblongata
Protein found in humans
FLT3L a ternary complex is formed in which two FLT3 molecules are bridged by one (homodimeric) FLT3L. The formation of such complex brings the two intracellular
CD135
Medical condition
(MOC) is part of a collection of brainstem nuclei known as the superior olivary complex (SOC). The MOC innervates the outer hair cells of the cochlea and
Spatial_hearing_loss
Electrical potential evoked in the nervous system
goes through the cochlear nerve, through the cochlear nucleus, superior olivary complex, lateral lemniscus, to the inferior colliculus in the midbrain
Evoked_potential
Structure at the rear of the vertebrate brain, beneath the cerebrum
and project exclusively to the inferior olivary nucleus, the source of climbing fibers. Thus, the nucleo-olivary projection provides an inhibitory feedback
Cerebellum
Specialization of some cognitive functions in one side of the brain
cochlear nucleus branch to both the ipsilateral and contralateral superior olivary complexes. Consequently, hearing is strongly lateralized only at the ipsilateral
Lateralization of brain function
Lateralization_of_brain_function
Structure in the midbrain which mediates responses to ambient light
be included and their precise names. The five primary nuclei are: the olivary pretectal nucleus (ON), the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT), and the anterior
Pretectal_area
Structure in the brain
nucleus. From there, through the cochlear nerve, axons reach the superior olivary complex of both sides. Axons from there constitute the lateral lemniscus
Isothalamus
Noradrenergic cell group A5 is a group of cells in the vicinity of the superior olivary complex in the pontine tegmentum that label for norepinephrine in primates
Noradrenergic_cell_group_A5
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
with bovine TF. Transferrin bound to its receptor. Transferrin receptor complex. Transferrin is also associated with the innate immune system. It is found
Transferrin
Structures in the cerebellum, a part of the brain
and accessory olivary nuclei, then forming the olivocerebellar tract. Cortico-olivary fibers synapse bilaterally in the inferior olivary nucleus. The order
Anatomy_of_the_cerebellum
Synapse in the mammalian auditory central nervous system
in the cochlear extramural stream as well as the neurons of the superior olivary complex. NB-2 also assists in the advancement of the formation of the calyx
Calyx_of_Held
Structure in the human brain
information from the motor cortex to the cerebellum through the inferior olivary complex, an important relay center in the medulla. The red nucleus receives
Red_nucleus
Physiological sense regarding posture
unconscious maintenance of balance and posture. The inferior olivary nucleus aids in complex motor tasks by encoding coordinating timing sensory information;
Sense_of_balance
mesenteric vein superior oblique muscle superior olivary nucleus superior ophthalmic vein superior orbital fissure superior petrosal sinus superior pharyngeal
Index_of_anatomy_articles
(shown in Figure 1). The cochlear nuclei then send information to the superior olivary nucleus to initiate the brain’s process of interpreting and combining
Sign_language_in_the_brain
Structure in the brain
are the name given to a series of neuronal projections from the inferior olivary nucleus located in the medulla oblongata. These axons pass through the
Climbing_fiber
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
subthalamic nucleus inferior olivary nucleus pars reticulata Top expressed in pontine nuclei lateral geniculate nucleus superior colliculus anterior horn
LARP6
Central organ of the human nervous system
vestibulocochlear nerve. From here, it passes through to the cochlear nuclei, the superior olivary nucleus, the medial geniculate nucleus, and finally the auditory radiation
Human_brain
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
nerve left testis right testis endothelial cell corpus callosum inferior olivary nucleus inferior ganglion of vagus nerve dorsal motor nucleus of vagus
TLE4
Developmental stage in mice
10 subplate -start of neurogenesis Bayer and Altman (1991) 10 inferior olivary nucleus - peak of neurogenesis Finlay and Darlington (1995) 10.5 retinal
Mouse brain development timeline
Mouse_brain_development_timeline
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
the CUL3 (cullin 3) component of a cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complex. Mutations in this gene cause pseudohypoaldosteronism type IID (PHA2D);
Kelch-like_protein_3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve internal globus pallidus inferior olivary nucleus endothelial cell optic nerve tendon of biceps brachii C1 segment
MAP4
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
synaptosomal-associated protein SNAP25 are the main components of a protein complex involved in the docking and/or fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic
VAMP1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
corpus callosum superior vestibular nucleus inferior olivary nucleus Top expressed in muscle of thigh granulocyte genital tubercle superior frontal gyrus
Kir2.1
Mammalian protein found in humans
proteasome. TSC1, TSC2 and TBC1D7 is a multi-protein complex also known as the TSC complex. This complex negatively regulates mTORC1 signaling by functioning
TSC1
Protein found in humans
"Nucleolin associates with a subset of the human Ro ribonucleoprotein complexes". J. Mol. Biol. 320 (3): 475–88. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00518-1. hdl:2066/121576
RNA-binding_protein_RO60
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
nucleus of vagus nerve corpus epididymis blood caput epididymis inferior olivary nucleus sural nerve parotid gland tendon of biceps brachii nipple Skeletal
KDM4B
produced by the cell. The APC2 protein promotes the formation of a protein complex which is involved in breaking down the protein beta-catenin. The APC2 protein
APC2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(2005). "IL1RAPL1 is associated with mental retardation in patients with complex glycerol kinase deficiency who have deletions extending telomeric of DAX1"
IL1RAPL1
Passageway through the neck and shoulder for the long thoracic nerve
passageway in addition to axillary blood vessels and the brachial plexus. This complex nerve network arises in the neck from the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth
Cervicoaxillary_canal
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
folding cofactor B". Wolz W, Wendelmuth U, Rouquier S, et al. (1997). "A complex satellite DNA polymorphism flanking the human ryanodine receptor gene (RYR1)"
TBCB
Protein-coding gene in humans
protein binds to the RALGAPB protein to form a protein complex called "RalGAP1". This complex functions as an activator for the small GTPases RALA and
RALGAPA1
Protein family
exons and produces the well-characterized myelin basic proteins. This complex gene structure is conserved among species, suggesting that the MBP transcription
Myelin_basic_protein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
complex component 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EXOC1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the exocyst complex,
EXOC1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
callosum dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve inferior olivary nucleus subthalamic nucleus superior vestibular nucleus external globus pallidus Top expressed
LIMCH1
Enzyme
subthalamic nucleus medulla oblongata ventral tegmental area inferior olivary nucleus superior vestibular nucleus Top expressed in external carotid artery internal
Beta-secretase_1
Protein-coding gene in humans
complex containing axin, β-catenin, GSK3β, and APC. However, upon Wnt signaling, MACF1 is involved in a translation and binding of the axin complex to
MACF1
Body parts responsible for vision
do not project to the lateral geniculate nucleus but to the pretectal olivary nucleus.) An opsin absorbs a photon (a particle of light) and transmits
Visual_system
Type III intermediate filament protein
motor nucleus of vagus nerve inferior olivary nucleus ventral tegmental area external globus pallidus superior vestibular nucleus C1 segment optic nerve
Glial fibrillary acidic protein
Glial_fibrillary_acidic_protein
Group of peptide hormones in mammals
effect on the proximal tubules to increase Na+ reabsorption. It has a complex and variable effect on glomerular filtration and renal blood flow depending
Angiotensin
Human gene
crystallographic structure of a human dihydropteridine reductase NADH binary complex expressed in Escherichia coli by a cDNA constructed from its rat homologue"
QDPR
Nucleus in the centre of each cerebellar hemisphere
pontocerebellar system. Efferent, or outgoing, signals travel via the superior cerebellar peduncle through the red nucleus to the contralateral – opposite
Dentate_nucleus
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Multiple roles for the C-terminal domain of eIF5 in translation initiation complex assembly and GTPase activation". EMBO J. 20 (9): 2326–37. doi:10.1093/emboj/20
EIF5
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
H, Zacharias U, Nörenberg U, Rathjen FG (August 1998). "Dissection of complex molecular interactions of neurofascin with axonin-1, F11, and tenascin-R
Tenascin-R
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(November 2015). "Scrutinizing the FTO locus: compelling evidence for a complex, long-range regulatory context". Human Genetics. 134 (11–12): 1183–1193
FTO_gene
Protein-coding gene in humans
"Neurofascin is a glial receptor for the paranodin/Caspr-contactin axonal complex at the axoglial junction". Current Biology. 12 (3): 217–20. Bibcode:2002CBio
NFASC
Diagnostic framework in personalized psychiatry
through neuroscience approaches. It is difficult to deconstruct clusters of complex behaviors and attempt to link these to underlying neurobiological systems
Research_Domain_Criteria
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Syntaxin-1, synaptobrevin/VAMP, and SNAP25 interact to form the SNARE complex, which is required for synaptic vesicle docking and fusion. The protein
Syntaphilin
Human protein-coding gene
Triarhou, LC (1987). "Nerve cell atrophy and loss in the inferior olivary complex of 'Purkinje cell degeneration' mutant mice". J Comp Neurol. 260 (3):
AGTPBP1
Protein-coding gene in humans
factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced death-inducing signaling complex and its modulation by c-FLIP and PED/PEA-15 in glioma cells". J. Biol.
PEA15
Neural tract in the central nervous system
nucleus. The Schwalbe's nucleus extends from the rostral end of the inferior olivary nucleus of the medulla oblongata to the caudal portion of the pons. Medial
Vestibulospinal_tract
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
levels within the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, thalamus, olivary body and piriform cortex of the brain at different points of development
GABRB3
Protein-coding gene in humans
(February 2003). "Regulation of type 1 protein phosphatase/inhibitor-2 complex by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in intact cells". Journal of Biochemistry
CDK5R2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
interactions with the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) complex leads to depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, release of cytochrome
MTCH1
Protein-coding gene in humans
Musacchio A (September 2001). "Structure and regulation of the CDK5-p25(nck5a) complex". Mol. Cell. 8 (3): 657–69. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00343-4. PMID 11583627
CDK5R1
Protein found in humans
2006). "CLASPs attach microtubule plus ends to the cell cortex through a complex with LL5beta". Developmental Cell. 11 (1): 21–32. doi:10.1016/j.devcel
CLASP1
Biological sound detection process
calculated in the superior olivary nucleus of the brainstem. According to Jeffress, this calculation relies on delay lines: neurons in the superior olive which
Sound_localization
Cell that guides radial neuronal migration
poor organization of the Purkinje cell plate(PP) and the inferior olivary complex(IOC). Problems in migration, especially those that arise from the lack
Cajal–Retzius_cell
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
ganglionic eminence inferior ganglion of vagus nerve superior vestibular nucleus spinal ganglia inferior olivary nucleus ventricular zone bronchial epithelial
Tubulin_alpha-1A_chain
Protein found in humans
that target these Bcl-2 family proteins, but not A1 or Mcl-1. ABT-737 is superior to previous BCL-2 inhibitors given its higher affinity for Bcl-2, Bcl-xL
Bcl-2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
orbitofrontal cortex inferior ganglion of vagus nerve superior vestibular nucleus inferior olivary nucleus pons trigeminal ganglion subthalamic nucleus
TUBA1C
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
developing neural tube associated with formation of a specific physical complex". The Journal of Neuroscience. 23 (29): 9547–9556. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI
NKX2-2
Gene profile for C10orf88 (aka PAAT)
amygdala, alongside strong testis expression. GDS596 highlights olivary ganglia, superior cervical ganglia, and dorsal root ganglia. GDS3113 shows high
PAAT_(protein)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
medulla oblongata ventral tegmental area superior vestibular nucleus external globus pallidus inferior olivary nucleus Top expressed in deep cerebellar
GPR37
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in internal globus pallidus inferior olivary nucleus inferior ganglion of vagus nerve dorsal motor nucleus of vagus
GPRC5B
Enzyme found in humans
(2000). "ORFless, intronless, and mutant transcription units in the mouse t complex responder (Tcr) locus". Mamm. Genome. 10 (10): 969–76. doi:10.1007/s003359901142
RPS6KA2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
cerebellar vermis superior vestibular nucleus paraflocculus of cerebellum ventral tegmental area ventricular zone inferior olivary nucleus right hemisphere
SALL2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"K2P channel gating mechanisms revealed by structures of TREK-2 and a complex with Prozac". Science. 347 (6227): 1256–9. Bibcode:2015Sci...347.1256D
KCNK10
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SUPERIOR OLIVARY-COMPLEX
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SUPERIOR OLIVARY-COMPLEX
SUPERIOR OLIVARY-COMPLEX
SUPERIOR OLIVARY-COMPLEX
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