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Type of multinucleate cell
A syncytium (/sɪnˈsɪʃiəm/; pl.: syncytia; from Greek: σύν syn "together" and κύτος kytos "box, i.e. cell") (also syncyitium) or symplasm is a multinucleate
Syncytium
Muscular tissue of heart in vertebrates
enabling the syncytium to act in a coordinated contraction of the myocardium. There is an atrial syncytium and a ventricular syncytium that are connected
Cardiac_muscle
Type of cell structure in several groups of organisms
contrast to a syncytium, which results from cellular aggregation followed by dissolution of the cell membranes inside the mass. The word syncytium in animal
Coenocyte
Biological tissue that allows movement
muscle. Within single-unit cells, the whole bundle or sheet contracts as a syncytium (i.e. a multinucleate mass of cytoplasm that is not separated into cells)
Muscle
Changes in cells caused by viruses
characteristic of certain retroviruses, paramyxoviruses, and flaviviruses. Syncytium is also known as cell fusion and polykaryon formation. With this CPE,
Cytopathic_effect
Scientific theories regarding the origins and formation of cells
syncytia) of animals and plants are also termed cellularization, often called syncytium cellularization. According to Otto Kandler's pre-cell theory, the early
Cellularization
Involuntary non-striated muscle
muscle, the whole bundle or sheet of smooth muscle cells contracts as a syncytium. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs, including the stomach
Smooth_muscle
Embryonic cell of the placental surface
embryo and the mother. It is a multinucleate, terminally differentiated syncytium, extending to 13 cm. The syncytiotrophoblast is the outer layer of the
Syncytiotrophoblast
Genus of Placozoa
locomotion, and gland cells that lack cilia. Between these layers is the fibre syncytium, a liquid-filled cavity strutted open by star-like fibres. Trichoplax
Trichoplax
Species of roundworm
release chemicals from the stylet to form a pocket of lysed cells called a syncytium. This will be the larva's food source for the rest of its life. The juveniles
Heterodera_schachtii
Aspect of heart function
intercalated disc. The heart is a functional syncytium as opposed to a skeletal muscle syncytium. In a functional syncytium, electrical impulses propagate freely
Cardiac_conduction_system
Microscopic feature of cardiac muscle
(cardiomyocytes) connected by intercalated discs to work as a single functional syncytium. By contrast, skeletal muscle consists of multinucleated muscle fibers
Intercalated_disc
Eukaryotic cell with multiple nuclei
"cellular" ones (which do not form such structures). Some use the term "syncytium" in a wide sense, to mean any type of multinucleate cell, while others
Multinucleate_cell
Class of sponges with siliceous spicules
cytoplasm is not divided into separate cells by membranes, but forms a syncytium or continuous mass of cytoplasm with many nuclei (e.g., Reiswig and Mackie
Hexactinellid
Phylum of worms with a flexible cuticle
gland' is often found at the tip of the tail. The epidermis is either a syncytium or a single layer of cells, and is covered by a thick collagenous cuticle
Nematode
Species of slime mold, model organism
division without cytokinesis, resulting in the macroscopic multinucleate syncytium; in other words, a large single cell with multiple nuclei. While nutrients
Physarum_polycephalum
Species of fruit fly
the germ line from the syncytium. Finally, after the 13th division, cell membranes slowly invaginate, dividing the syncytium into individual somatic
Drosophila_melanogaster
Interstitial cells found in the gastrointestinal tract
muscle cells via gap junctions, that work together as an SIP functional syncytium. Myenteric interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC-MY) serve as pacemaker cells
Interstitial_cell_of_Cajal
Biological process in which cells combine
with a single nucleus) combine to form a multinucleate cell, known as a syncytium. Cell fusion occurs during differentiation of myoblasts, osteoclasts and
Cell_fusion
Animals of the phylum Porifera
like a cobweb that contains most of the cell types. This tissue is a syncytium that in some ways behaves like many cells that share a single external
Sponge
Basic unit of life forms
of human cell types The Inner Life of the Cell Parakaryon myojinensis Syncytium Cooper, Geoffrey M. (2000). "The Origin and Evolution of Cells". The Cell:
Cell_(biology)
Group of parasitic thorny-headed worms
tegument that covers the epidermis and consists of a syncytium with no cell walls. The syncytium is traversed by a series of branching tubules containing
Acanthocephala
Cell type in fruit fly development
cytokinesis, resulting in a multinucleate cell (generally referred to as a syncytium, but strictly a coenocyte). Pole cells are the cells that form at the
Pole_cell
Final stage of cell division
muscle that omits cytokinesis, thereby yielding multinucleated cells (see syncytium). Plant cytokinesis differs from animal cytokinesis, partly because of
Cytokinesis
formation of a syncytium, the K+ ions are redistributed and released intracellularly to areas with lower [K+]o. The panglial syncytium is a large network
Potassium_spatial_buffering
Phylum of gelatinous marine animals
but those in the nerve net are highly distinctive by being fused into a syncytium. Fossils show that Cambrian species had a more complex nervous system
Ctenophora
Organ found in humans and other animals
the pacemaker cells. The intercalated discs allow the cells to act as a syncytium and enable the contractions that pump blood through the heart and into
Heart
Glass sponge
food particles; it is retained in frills that come from a syncytium. This multinucleated syncytium is the major tissue component of Hexactinellid sponges
Oopsacas_minuta
that contains genetically different nuclei. This is a special type of syncytium. This can occur naturally, such as in the mycelium of fungi during sexual
Heterokaryon
Organelle in eukaryotic cells
micronucleus. In humans, skeletal muscle cells, also called myocytes and syncytium, become multinucleated during development; the resulting arrangement of
Cell_nucleus
Phylum of aquatic animals
(epidermis), among other things. The interior space pervaded by a fiber syncytium in the Placozoa would then correspond to connective tissue in the other
Placozoa
Performance of the human heart
the contractions, following electrical stimulations, of the ventricular syncytium of cardiac muscle cells in the left and right ventricles. Contractions
Cardiac_cycle
Species of virus
responsible for the fusion of viral and host cell membranes, as well as syncytium formation between viral particles. Its sequence is highly conserved between
Respiratory_syncytial_virus
Part of the human heart
in particular) the partitioning of both chambers is complete. Atrial syncytium Left atrial volume Cournand, A (1947). "Recording of blood pressure from
Atrium_(heart)
Activation of tension-generating sites in muscle
together by gap junctions, they are able to contract as a functional syncytium. Single-unit smooth muscle cells contract myogenically, which can be modulated
Muscle_contraction
Type of brain cell
linked by gap junctions, creating an electrically coupled (functional) syncytium. Because of this ability of astrocytes to communicate with their neighbors
Astrocyte
Nuclear feature unique to certain fungi
Binucleated cells (as a pathological state) Heterokaryon Multinucleated cells Syncytium van den Hoek, C., D.G. Mann, and H.M. Jahns 1995. Algae: an introduction
Dikaryon
All of the contents of a cell including organelles but excluding the nucleus
Protoplasm – Alternative term for cytoplasm or cytoplasm and nucleoplasm Syncytium – Type of multinucleate cell "Cytoplasm". Scitable by Nature Education
Cytoplasm
Spore-forming organisms
thousands of nuclei within a single membrane without walls, forming a syncytium. Most are smaller than a few centimeters, but some species may reach sizes
Slime_mold
Protein found in humans
syncytiotrophoblast is one, fully differentiated, non dividing, fused cell syncytium. Syncytin-1 expression on the surface of cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblast
Syncytin-1
Class of echinoderms
The plates are covered by the epidermis, which consists of a smooth syncytium. In most species, the joints between the ossicles and superficial plates
Brittle_star
Organism that consists of more than one cell
mechanism of generation of a multicellular organism from a pre-existing syncytium.[citation needed] The colonial theory of Haeckel, 1874, proposes that
Multicellular_organism
Living structure of cytoplasm that contains many nuclei
newly-divided cells apart. In some cases, the resulting structure is a syncytium, created by the fusion of cells after division. Under suitable conditions
Plasmodium_(life_cycle)
All Latin and Greek roots beginning with G
exocytosis, gonocyte, hypercytosis, leukocyte, leukocytosis, monocyte, monocytopoiesis, pancytopenia, phagocytosis, polycythaemia, polycythemia, syncytium
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/A–G
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/A–G
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
membrane extracellular region extracellular space Biological process syncytium formation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Databases NCBI: entry; OMA:
Suppressyn
Process by which animal embryos form and develop
trophoblast become differentiated into two layers: The outer layer forms a syncytium (i.e., a layer of protoplasm studded with nuclei, but showing no evidence
Animal_embryonic_development
Site where a motor neuron releases a neurotransmitter to affect a target cell
in an electrical Autonomic postganglionic nerves terminate in systems syncytium and that the excitatory NANC transmission of collateral branches, each
Neuroeffector_junction
Svedberg unit Swivelase Sympatric speciation Synapsis Synaptonemal complex Syncytium Syndrome Synexpression Syngeneic Synteny T-cell receptor T-DNA Tandem
Index_of_genetics_articles
Italian biologist and pathologist (1843–1926)
essentially became one contiguous cell, a superneuron; this would result in a syncytium, forming the basis of the obsolete reticular theory. The other camp thought
Camillo_Golgi
Villi that sprout from the chorion
bi-layered epithelium consisting of cytotrophoblasts with overlaying syncytium (syncytiotrophoblast). Anchoring (stem) villi stabilize the mechanical
Chorionic_villi
Blood vessel structure in bird eyes
blood vessels, and supporting tissue. The supporting tissue is glial and syncytium, and derived from the optic disc. There are no muscle, nerve fibers, or
Pecten_oculi
Sendai virus, virus of rodents
cancers in animals. Its ability to fuse eukaryotic cells and to form syncytium was used to produce hybridoma cells capable of manufacturing monoclonal
Murine_respirovirus
Class of flatworms
secondary loss of this feature because their epidermis is turned into a syncytium in adult forms. Another important synapomorphy of the group is the duo-glandular
Rhabditophora
Retrieved 2019-07-27. "Supa-Toob | World Of Sam". www.worldofsam.org. "Syncytium | World Of Sam". www.worldofsam.org. Retrieved 2019-07-27. "Tetris | World
List_of_SAM_Coupé_games
First stage of pregnancy
neighbours, terminally differentiating into a multinucleated tissue, a syncytium known as the syncytiotrophoblast. Between this layer and the blastocyst
Implantation_(embryology)
Multicellular sex organs in plant life
do not release their sperm. For example, the oomycete antheridium is a syncytium with many sperm nuclei and fertilization occurs via fertilization tubes
Gametangium
Eye structure
lens. The cell fusion is shown by micro-injection to form a stratified syncytium in whole lens cultures. Development of the vertebrate lens begins when
Lens_(vertebrate_anatomy)
Prenatal development of the heart
heart tube, start beating as they connect together by their walls in a syncytium. Myocytes initiate rhythmic electrical activity, before the fusion of
Heart_development
Phylum of soft-bodied invertebrates
or blood. In both the adult and snail-inhabiting stages, the external syncytium absorbs dissolved nutrients from the host. Adult digeneans can live without
Flatworm
Phylum of animals
germ layer. In acoels, the mouth opens directly into a large endodermal syncytium, while in nemertodermatids and xenoturbellids, there is a sack-like gut
Xenacoelomorpha
Number of sets of chromosomes of a cell
total combined ploidy of all nuclei present within the cell membrane of a syncytium,[full citation needed] though usually the ploidy of each nucleus is described
Ploidy
Suramin – Surgical oncologist – Survival rate – Symptom management – Syncytium – Syngeneic bone marrow transplantation – Syngeneic stem cell transplantation
Index_of_oncology_articles
Layer of an embryo
further differentiate into an endovascular cytotrophoblast or form a syncytium. The primary function of an interstitial cytotrophoblast is to anchor
Cytotrophoblast
retroviruses that: make the interface between the placenta and uterus into a syncytium, i.e. a thin layer of cells with a shared external membrane. This allows
Evolution_of_mammals
Embryogenesis of the fruit fly Drosophila, a popular model system
unique among model organisms in that cleavage occurs in a multinucleate syncytium (strictly a coenocyte). Early on, 256 nuclei migrate to the perimeter
Drosophila_embryogenesis
Concept that the nervous system is made up of discrete individual cells
between neurons, creating a cytoplasm-to-cytoplasm connection, known as a syncytium. Furthermore, the phenomenon of cotransmission, in which more than one
Neuron_doctrine
Protein-coding gene in humans
signal transduction Rap protein signal transduction positive regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion regulation of histone H3-K9 acetylation
RAPGEF3
Subsystem of the immune system
system. Also, viral fusion proteins cause the formation of the placental syncytium to limit exchange of migratory cells between the developing embryo and
Adaptive_immune_system
Immune system protein
in individuals with the CCR5-Delta32/Delta32 genotype: acquisition of syncytium-inducing virus at seroconversion". Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency
CCR5
Clade of flatworms
(typical of most flatworms) is cast off in adult worms, being replaced by a syncytium called tegument or neodermis. Other characters found in all neodermatans
Neodermata
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
It also plays a role in the formation and expression of HLA-G in the syncytium. LGALS1 has been shown to interact with GEMIN4 HRAS. Galectin GRCh38:
Galectin-1
Gamete-producing cell
clones of differentiating daughter cells. These bridges are called a syncytium, and feature a TEX14 and KIF23 ring in their centre. In this way the haploid
Germ_cell
Species of acoel
micro-algae Tetraselmis convolutae. The latter gives access to a digestive syncytium through which the future micro-algae in hospite is first vacuolated (it
Symsagittifera_roscoffensis
Species of virus
spuma the Latin for "foam". The 'foam' aspect of 'foamy virus' comes from syncytium formation and the rapid vacuolization of infected cells, creating a 'foamy'
Bovine_foamy_virus
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
"Involvement of a leukocyte adhesion receptor (LFA-1) in HIV-induced syncytium formation". Science. 244 (4908): 1075–8. Bibcode:1989Sci...244.1075H.
Integrin_alpha_L
Order of flatworm-like bilaterian animals
of tissue that fills the body. Digestion is accomplished by means of a syncytium that forms a vacuole around ingested food. There are no epithelial cells
Acoela
distinct layers. It is a syncytium consisting of multinucleated tissues with no distinct cell boundaries. The outer zone of the syncytium, called the "distal
Tegument_(helminth)
Process involved in cell fate commitment
the action of morphogen gradients within the syncytium. As there are no cell boundaries in the syncytium, these morphogens can influence nuclei in a
Cell_fate_determination
Protein found in humans
are involved in many processes such as stabilization of the germline syncytium, anchorage of mechanosensory neurons to the epidermis, and organization
Hemicentin_1
Tolerance of a fetus during pregnancy
However, trophoblast cells do express the rather typical HLA-C. It forms a syncytium without any extracellular spaces between cells in order to limit the exchange
Immune_tolerance_in_pregnancy
the chromatids of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. syncytium A multinucleate cell, i.e. a cell containing more than one nucleus or
Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z)
Glossary_of_cellular_and_molecular_biology_(M–Z)
Genus of protists
can sometimes merge completely at the bottom of the Petri dish into a syncytium-like or pseudoplasmodium structure, in which the nuclei do not merge.
Syssomonas
suppressive soil susceptible (n. susceptibility) symptom symptomless carrier syncytium (pl. syncytia) synergism (adj. synergistic) synnema (pl. synnemata; syn
Glossary_of_phytopathology
Cell-cell junction composed of innexins or connexins
; et al. "Gap junction coupling confers isopotentiality on astrocyte syncytium". Glia. 64 (2): 214–226. doi:10.1002/glia.22924. PMC 4595908. PMID 26435164
Gap_junction
Identification of different areas of development in an early embryo
the segment polarity genes function within cells rather than within the syncytium. Thus, segment polarity genes influence patterning though signaling rather
Regional_differentiation
Genus of viruses
moribund python (Python regius) and was found to cause high levels of syncytium formation but did not cause hemagglutination in human red blood cells
Orthoreovirus
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
DNA-templated anatomical structure morphogenesis positive regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion transcription by RNA polymerase II
GCM1
Protein found in humans
in the implantation of human embryos in the womb, placental formation, syncytium formation, possibly apoptosis, and the regulation of syncytiotrophoblast
Syncytin-2
Protein family
EFF-1 mutants successfully fused the anchor cell and (uterine seam) utse syncytium to produce a continuous uterine-vulval tube, where these connections failed
Cell–cell_fusogens
Protein-coding gene in the species Drosophila melanogaster
and begins after egg deposition. Diffusion and convection within the syncytium produce an exponential gradient of Bicoid protein within roughly one hour
Homeotic_protein_bicoid
Tick-borne disease of cattle
then invade the tick salivary glands and form a sporont, a polymorphous syncytium. The sporont then develops into a sporoblast that remains dormant during
Tropical_theileriosis
American molecular biologist
"Interactions between endogenous baboon type-C virus and oncogenic viruses. I. Syncytium induction and development of infectivity assay". International Journal
Ken_R._Harewood
Genus of roundworms
causing necrotic lesions. Then, mature females form a feeding site called a syncytium, which is composed of plant material and formed in healthy root tissue
Nacobbus
Chemical compound
Kakisawa, Hiroshi; Gao, Qi; Oki, Toshikazu (1993). "Terpestacin, a novel syncytium formation inhibitor, isolated from Arthrinium species". Tetrahedron Letters
Terpestacin
Lymphocyte protein
effect of p56lck, a lymphocyte specific protein tyrosine kinase, on the syncytium formation induced by human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein"
Tyrosin-protein_kinase_Lck
All Latin and Greek roots beginning with C
exocytosis, gonocyte, hypercytosis, leukocyte, leukocytosis, monocyte, monocytopoiesis, pancytopenia, phagocytosis, polycythaemia, polycythemia, syncytium
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/C
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/C
Species of nematode
patterns are typical of the genus Globodera. Nurse cell is a multinucleate syncytium. Tobacco cyst nematode causes significant damage on tobacco root system
Globodera_tabacum
Genus of roundworms that live on potato roots
using the nematode’s stylet. After a feeding tube has been established, a syncytium begins to form through the breakdown of multiple cell walls adjacent to
Potato_cyst_nematode
Study of heart functions
components of the cardiac conduction system include the atrial and ventricular syncytium, the sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node, the bundle of His (atrioventricular
Cardiac_physiology
Embryonic developmental stage of the sea urchin
gene exhibits a complex pattern of spatial regulation within the PMC syncytium during skeletogenesis. It is suggested that the ectoderm may play a role
Sea_urchin_skeletogenesis
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