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Transfer of ownership of goods and services
Trade was a crucial factor in maintaining Maya cities. Activity consisted mainly of foods like fish, squash, yams, corn, honey, beans, turkey, vegetables
Trade_in_Maya_civilization
About maritime trade
The extensive trade networks of the Ancient Maya contributed largely to the success of their civilization spanning three millennia. Maya royal control
Maritime trade in the Maya civilization
Maritime_trade_in_the_Maya_civilization
Mesoamerican civilization (c. 2000 BC – 1697 AD)
The Maya civilization (/ˈmaɪə/) was a Mesoamerican civilization that existed from antiquity to the early modern period. Known by its ancient temples and
Maya_civilization
found in middens and other ordinary household contexts. Economy of Prehispanic Mexico Trade in Maya civilization "economy | Definition of economy in English
Economy of the Maya civilization
Economy_of_the_Maya_civilization
Decline of classic Maya civilization
In archaeology, the classic Maya collapse is a model to describe the destabilization of Classic Maya civilization and the violent collapse and abandonment
Classic_Maya_collapse
Period in Maya history
systems, often characterized as the "Preclassic Collapse." The roots of Maya civilization remain obscure, although broad parameters are increasingly well known
Preclassic_Maya
Mesoamerican civilization
early developments in agriculture. Modern scholars regard these periods as arbitrary divisions of chronology of the Maya civilization, rather than indicative
History of the Maya civilization
History_of_the_Maya_civilization
Centres of ancient Maya civilization in Mesoamerica
Maya cities were the centres of population of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization of Mesoamerica. They served the specialised roles of administration
Mayan_cities
Aspect of Precolumbian Maya science
Maya astronomy is the study of the Moon, planets, Milky Way, Sun, and astronomical phenomena by the Precolumbian Maya civilization of Mesoamerica. The
Maya_astronomy
Archaeological site in Mexico
Maya port city and maritime trade site on the East Coast of Quintana Roo during the Postclassic period of the Maya civilization until the arrival of the
El_Meco
Maya kingdom from the Classic period ruled by the Kaanu'l dynasty of Dzibanche
Maya lowlands during the Classic period of the Maya civilization. The kingdom was established already in the 4th century at Dzibanche by the Kaanu'l dynasty
Kaan_kingdom
Aspect of Mayan culture
Ancient Maya art comprises the visual arts of the Maya civilization, an eastern and south-eastern Mesoamerica culture made up of a great number of small
Ancient_Maya_art
rise of Maya civilization, during the period that is known as Preclassic. It lies within a broad arc going southeast from Chiapa de Corzo in Mexico to
Southern_Maya_area
Conquest dating from 1511 to 1697
conquistadors viewed the Maya as infidels who needed to be forcefully converted and pacified, despite the achievements of their civilization. The first contact
Spanish_conquest_of_the_Maya
glossary lists terms often found or noted in scholarly literature on the Maya civilisation. It includes: phrases in or from Mayan languages, terms of art
Glossary of the Maya civilisation
Glossary_of_the_Maya_civilisation
Indigenous people of Mexico
coastal trade contacts after the Huastecs were established in the Huasteca. Proto-Maya, the common ancestor of all Maya languages, was probably spoken in west-central
Huastec_people
Maya site in Suchitepéquez, Guatemala
existed at Chocolá early in the trajectory of Maya civilization. If Chocolá grew cacao intensively, it likely would have traded this commodity, so highly
Chocolá
Indigenous people of Mesoamerica
ancient Maya civilization. Today, they primarily live in Guatemala, southeast Mexico, Belize, and westernmost El Salvador and Honduras. The term "Maya" is
Maya_peoples
Ancient Maya city in Campeche, Mexico
earlier than 150 AD (in the Late Preclassic period), and the city probably flourished during the Classic period of Maya civilization (c. 250 – c. 900 AD)
Valeriana (archaeological site)
Valeriana_(archaeological_site)
Mexico before Spanish colonization
form. Many matured into advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the: Olmec, Izapa, Teotihuacan, Maya, Zapotec, Mixtec, Huastec, Purépecha, Totonac
Pre-Columbian_Mexico
Writing system of the Maya civilization
Maya script, also known as Maya glyphs, is historically the native writing system of the Maya civilization of Mesoamerica and is the only Mesoamerican
Maya_script
The Americas prior to European influence
Other civilizations, contemporaneous with the colonial period, were documented in European accounts of the time. For instance, the Maya civilization maintained
Pre-Columbian_era
Stratified complex society
and rural populations, which engage in intensive agriculture, mining, small-scale manufacture and trade. Civilization concentrates power, extending human
Civilization
Ritual offering of human flesh and lives to gods and goddesses
sacrifice in Maya culture was the ritual offering of nourishment to the gods. Blood was viewed as a potent source of nourishment for the Maya deities,
Human sacrifice in Maya culture
Human_sacrifice_in_Maya_culture
Pre-Columbian Maya book
The Maya Codex of Mexico (MCM) is a Maya screenfold codex manuscript of a pre-Columbian type. Long known as the Grolier Codex or Sáenz Codex, in 2018 it
Maya_Codex_of_Mexico
This is a list of rulers of Tikal, a major Maya city-state during the Classic period. Located in the Maya Lowlands, Tikal is known to have had at least
List_of_lords_of_Tikal
Maya archaeological site in western Honduras
Copán is an archaeological site of the Maya civilization in the Copán Department of western Honduras, not far from the border with Guatemala. It is one
Copán
Calendar used in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica
Mesoamerican civilizations, such as the Zapotec and Olmec and contemporary or later ones such as the Mixtec and Aztec calendars. By the Maya mythological
Maya_calendar
6th century conflict in Mesoamerica
place during the Classic period of the Maya civilization between the Kaanu'l dynasty of Dzibanche, later settled in Calakmul, against the city of Tikal for
Tikal–Calakmul_wars
Pre-Columbian Maya settlement
pre-Columbian Middle and Late Preclassic (1000 BC – 250 AD) Maya settlement, located in the north of the modern department of El Petén, Guatemala. It
El_Mirador
Mayan archaeological site in Petén Department, Guatemala
ancient, ruined city of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization located on the north bank of the Usumacinta River in the Petén department of northwestern Guatemala
Piedras_Negras_(Maya_site)
2016 video game
engaging in trade and negotiations with other world leaders. The game features several civilizations not featured in previous incarnations of Civilization, while
Civilization_VI
Diet of the Ancient Mesoamerican civilization
resources in an individual's diet. Many foods and food production techniques used by the ancient Maya civilization remain in use today by the modern Maya peoples
Ancient_Maya_cuisine
Maya civilization archaeological site
[ʃkaˈɾet]) is a Maya civilization archaeological site located on the Caribbean coastline of the Yucatán Peninsula, in the state of Quintana Roo in Mexico. The
Xcaret
Social organization of the Pre-Hispanic Maya
their civilization during the Classic Period of Maya civilization (A.D 250 to 900) before a decline starting about 900 AD. The Maya Civilization, centered
Maya_society
Pre-Columbian civilization of Mesoamerica
people were an early offshoot of the Maya peoples that migrated northwards. Surviving remains from the Huastec civilization include several large archaeological
Huastec_civilization
Pre-Columbian Maya city in Mexico
large pre-Columbian city built by the Maya people of the Terminal Classic period. The archeological site is located in Tinúm Municipality, Yucatán, Mexico
Chichen_Itza
Paved roads linking ancient Mayan cities
sacbeob (Yucatec Maya: singular sakbej, plural sakbejo'ob), or "white road", is a raised paved road built by the Maya civilization of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica
Sacbe
Archaeological site in Belize
populated in the Maya Classic Period and reached a maximum population of around 7000 residents, but was rapidly abandoned when the Maya civilization began
Nim_Li_Punit
Capital city of the Mayan kingdom of Petén Itzá; now Flores, Guatemala
capital city of the Itza Maya kingdom of Petén Itzá. It was located on an island in Lake Petén Itzá in the modern department of Petén in northern Guatemala
Nojpetén
American archaeologist
at the University of Utah. Hansen is a specialist on the ancient Maya civilization and directs the Mirador Basin Project, which investigates a circumscribed
Richard_D._Hansen
Archaeological Maya site in Honduras
Puente Archaeological Park"), is a Maya archaeological site in the department of Copán in Honduras. Once an independent Maya city, the city of El Puente became
El_Puente_(Maya_site)
Bronze Age civilisation in South Asia
However, the evidence of sea-borne trade involving the Harappan civilisation is not firm. In their book Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan archaeologists
Indus_Valley_Civilisation
overall agriculture.[citation needed] The Maya civilization based their economy mainly on agricultural trade, but hunting of wild animals and collecting
Economy_of_Prehispanic_Mexico
Fall of a complex human society
the Maya civilization, and the Easter Island civilization. Some civilizations like ancient Greece have survived indirectly through other civilizations such
Societal_collapse
Beliefs of the ancient Maya people
like Gods. Dance in Ancient Maya Civilization. University of Texas Press, Austin 2009. Bruce Love, 'Yucatec Sacred Breads Through Time'. In William F. Hanks
Maya_religion
Archaeological site in Mexico
archaeological site of the Maya civilization in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. Becan is located near the center of the Yucatán Peninsula, in the present-day Mexican
Becan
Pre-Columbian archaeological site in Guatemala
Abaj was linked to long-distance Maya trade routes that shifted over time but allowed the city to participate in a trade network that included the Guatemalan
Takalik_Abaj
2010 video game
Windows in September 2010, for Mac OS X on November 23, 2010, and for Linux on June 10, 2014. In Civilization V, the player leads a civilization from prehistoric
Civilization_V
Maya or Mayan mythology is part of Mesoamerican mythology and comprises all of the Maya tales in which personified forces of nature, deities, and the heroes
Maya_mythology
Earliest known major Mesoamerican civilization
(/ˈɒlmɛks, ˈoʊl-/) or Olmec were an early major Mesoamerican civilization, flourishing in the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco from roughly
Olmecs
Mesoamerican pyramid in Guatemala
cities and archaeological sites of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization in Mesoamerica. It is located in the Petén Basin region of northern Guatemala. It also
Tikal_Temple_I
Archaeological Maya site in Guatemala
(Ixcún or Ixkún in Spanish orthography) is a pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site, situated in the Petén Basin region of the southern Maya lowlands. It
Ixkun
of years. The Maya civilization spread into the area of Belize between 1500 BC to 1200 BC and flourished until about 1000 AD. Several Maya ruin sites, including
History_of_Belize
Historical period of Mesoamerica, 1200–400 BCE
approximately 20 kilometers, in some cases up to 30 meters thick. It indicates the moment in which the Maya civilization found their own distinctive culture
Mesoamerican Preclassic period
Mesoamerican_Preclassic_period
Locations where civilization emerged
civilization of coastal Peru and the Olmec civilization of Mexico are believed to be the earliest in the Americas. All of the cradles of civilization
Cradle_of_civilization
Former Maya nation from ca 16th cent to ca 1700
likely a Mopan Maya people who constituted the former Chinamita Territory, an early Columbian polity of the Maya Lowlands, likely in present-day Belize
Chinamita
Archaeological site in Petén Department, Guatemala
Itzan is a Maya archaeological site located in the municipality of La Libertad in the Petén Department of Guatemala. Various small structures at the site
Itzan
Mesoamerican pyramid in Guatemala
pyramid in the ruins of the ancient Maya city of Tikal in modern Guatemala. It was one of the tallest and most voluminous buildings in the Maya world.
Tikal_Temple_IV
Maya site in Quintana Roo, Mexico
pronunciation: [tuˈlun]; Yucatec Maya: Tulu'um) is the site of a pre-Columbian Mayan walled city which served as a major port for Coba, in the Mexican state of Quintana
Tulum
Ancient Mayan city in Guatemala City, Guatemala
Quiché, "The Hill of the Dead") is a Pre-Columbian site of the Maya civilization located in Guatemala City. Primarily occupied from 1500 BC to 1200 AD, it
Kaminaljuyu
Archaeological site of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization
archaeological site of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization, located in the Pasión subregion of the central Maya lowlands in the present-day Guatemalan Department
Cancuén
Divides the history of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica into several periods
Zapotec civilization arose in the Valley of Oaxaca, the Teotihuacan civilization arose in the Valley of Mexico. The Maya civilization began to develop in the
Mesoamerican_chronology
Temple in Tikal
Priest, was one of the principal temple pyramids at the ancient Maya city of Tikal, in the Petén Department of modern Guatemala. The temple stands approximately
Tikal_Temple_III
Carved stone slabs made by the Pre-Columbian Maya
Maya stelae (singular stela) are monuments that were fashioned by the Maya civilization of ancient Mesoamerica. They consist of tall, sculpted stone shafts
Maya_stelae
Archaeological site of Maya city
/ɑːlˈtuːn hɑː/ is the name given to the ruins of an ancient Maya city in Belize, located in the Belize District about 50 kilometres (31 mi) north of Belize
Altun_Ha
Ancient Mayan city in Campeche, Mexico
Kalakmul and other less frequent variants) is a Maya archaeological site in the Mexican state of Campeche, deep in the jungles of the greater Petén Basin region
Calakmul
Danish explorer and archaeologist
associated with his research of the Maya civilization of Mexico and Central America. Frans Ferdinand Blom was born in Copenhagen, Denmark to a middle-class
Frans_Blom
Archaeological site of the Maya civilization
[sejˈβal]), known as El Ceibal in Spanish, is a Classic Period archaeological site of the Maya civilization located in the northern Petén Department of
Seibal
Maya archaeological site in Guatemala
Holtun, originally named La Máquina, is a Maya archaeological site located in the Petén Department of northern Guatemala on the road to Melchor de Mencos
Holtun
rape and poaching. The Mayan and Aztec civilizations both practiced slavery. Warfare was important to Maya society, because raids on surrounding areas
Slavery in pre-Columbian America
Slavery_in_pre-Columbian_America
Warfare of the Mesoamerican civilization
perpetuation of Maya society. The goals and motives of warfare in Maya culture are not thoroughly understood, but scholars have developed models for Maya warfare
Maya_warfare
Use of hallucinogenic plants by the Maya
by self-sacrifice, a common practice in Mayan civilization.[citation needed] The Maya used enemas, a procedure in which liquid or gas is injected into
Entheogenics_and_the_Maya
and cultures which comprised the Maya civilization spanned more than 2,500 years of Mesoamerican history, in the Maya Region of southern Mesoamerica, which
List_of_Maya_sites
Major pyramid at Tikal
most important archaeological sites of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization and is located in the Petén Department of northern Guatemala. Temple V stands
Tikal_Temple_V
Professor of Mesoamerican Archaeology
decades, on the Maya civilization, both in prehispanic and colonial times, specifically in Belize. She has recently turned her attention to Maya Dark Earths
Elizabeth_Graham_(academic)
Mesoamerican archaeological site in Guatemala
is a Mesoamerican archaeological site of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization, located in the Petén Basin region around 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of
El_Zotz
Archaeological site in Petén, Guatemala
La Blanca is a Maya pre-Columbian Mesoamerican archaeological site in the municipality of Melchor de Mencos in the northern Petén Department of Guatemala
La_Blanca,_Peten
Archaeological site in Flores, Guatemala
Ixlu (Mayan pronunciation: [iʃˈluː]) is a small Maya archaeological site that dates to the Classic and Postclassic Periods. It is located on the isthmus
Ixlu
Dismantled Maya pyramid
to in archaeological reports as 5D-33) was a 33-metre-high (108 ft) ancient Maya funerary pyramid located in the North Acropolis of the great Maya city
Tikal_Temple_33
Pre-Columbian cultural area in the Americas
the Maya civilization developed in the southern Maya highlands and lowlands, and at a few sites in the northern Maya lowlands. The earliest Maya sites
Mesoamerica
Mesoamerican pyramid in Guatemala
pyramid at the Maya archaeological site of Tikal in the Petén Department of northern Guatemala. The temple was built in the Late Classic Period in a style reminiscent
Tikal_Temple_II
Pre-Columbian era society in coastal Peru
as thirty major population centers in what is now the Caral region of north-central coastal Peru. The civilization flourished between the 4th and 2nd
Caral–Supe_civilization
Ancient Maya site in northern Guatemala
ancient Maya site (known anciently as Ik'a', 'Windy Water') located just north of Lake Petén Itzá in the Petén Basin region of the southern Maya lowlands
Motul_de_San_José
Ruins of major ancient Maya city
pre-Columbian Maya civilization, it is located in the archaeological region of the Petén Basin in what is now the Petén Department in northern Guatemala
Tikal
Inscriptions and Structure 6F-27) is a Mesoamerican pyramid in the ruins of the major Maya city of Tikal, in the Petén department of northern Guatemala. Temple
Tikal_Temple_VI
Archaeological site in Sayaxché, Guatemala
Pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site near Itzan, in the lower Pasión River region of the Petén Department of Guatemala. It formed a polity in the Late Classic
La_Amelia
Step pyramid in the Mayan city of Chichen Itza in Tinúm, Mexico
pre-Columbian Maya civilization sometime between the 8th and 12th centuries CE, the building served as a temple to the deity Kukulcán, the Yucatec Maya Feathered
El_Castillo,_Chichen_Itza
Bronze Age civilization on Crete and other Aegean Islands
often regarded as the first civilization in Europe. They traded extensively, exporting agricultural products and luxury crafts in exchange for raw metals
Minoan_civilization
Mayan archaeological site in Petén Department, Guatemala
Kinal is a major pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site in the Petén Department of the modern-day Petén Department of northern Guatemala. The major occupational
Kinal
American archaeologist (1940–2012)
archaeological reports, theorizing, and writings in his field of specialty, the ancient Maya civilization. Sharer was a lecturer and professor at the University
Robert_Sharer
Pre-Columbian Maya archaeological site in Guatemala
Hardman in "Woman Power in the Maya World", this was the political peak of the city. The reason for the high population was the ideal location and trading power
El_Perú_(Maya_site)
Historical period of Mesoamerica, 200–950 CE
and the growth of trade. The technological changes that made it possible were conditioned by specific factors in each region. Maya, Zapotecs, and Teotihuacans
Mesoamerican_Classic_period
Taiwanese historian
(Chinese: 馬雅人) in PTT, is a Taiwanese historian, teacher, archaeologist, and writer who specializes in history of the Maya civilization and the history
Tsai_Yi-lin
Medicine in the ancient Maya civilization
Maya medicine concerns health and medicine among the ancient Maya civilization. It was a complex blend of mind, body, religion, ritual and science. Important
Maya_medicine
Historic period
various Classic civilizations, namely Teotihuacan and the Maya, show that war was also an important activity within these societies. Maya society, which
Mesoamerican Postclassic period
Mesoamerican_Postclassic_period
Archaeological site
archaeological site of the Maya civilization located in the northeastern Petén Basin region in Guatemala near the modern-day border with Belize. In spite of its relatively
Holmul
Nito was a trading post of the Maya civilization in Mesoamerica. The site was located at the mouth of the Dulce River, where the river empties into the
Nito_(Maya_site)
Maya deity
Like other Mesoamerican peoples, the Maya peoples recognize in their staple crop, maize, a vital force with which they strongly identify. This is clearly
Maya_maize_god
Archeological site in Guatemala
Nebaj is an archaeological site of the pre-Columbian Maya civilization, located in the western Guatemala highlands near the Ixil village of Santa María
Nebaj
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