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The Turolian age is a period of geologic time (9.0–5.3 Ma) within the Miocene used more specifically with European Land Mammal Ages. It precedes the Ruscinian
Turolian
Extinct genus of mammals
an extinct genus of hyaenids that lived in Europe and Africa during the Turolian of the Late Miocene. Belbus had durophagous adaptations in its dentition
Belbus
Genus of bustard
species are known, including the recently described Otis hellenica from the Turolian of Greece. At 19 kg (42 lb), it was larger than its extant relative. The
Otis_(bird)
Extinct species of rhinoceros
rhinoceros from the Late Miocene epoch (specifically the Vallesian and Turolian European land mammal ages) of the Balkans (including Greece and Bulgaria)
Ceratotherium_neumayri
Sixth and last age of the Miocene Epoch, about 7 to 5 million years ago
the Zanclean, the first age of the Pliocene. The Messinian overlaps the Turolian European Land Mammal Mega Zone (more precisely MN 12 and 13) and the Pontian
Messinian
Subfamily of mammals
†Torontoceros Azanza, B.; Rossner, G. & Ortiz-Jaureguizar E. (2013). "The early Turolian (late Miocene) Cervidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the fossil site of
Capreolinae
Rodent with a coat of sharp spines
skeleton of Hystrix (Hystrix) primigenia (Wagner) from the Upper Maeotian (Turolian) of Hadzhidimovo, SW Bulgaria" (PDF). Geologica Balcanica. 41 (1–3): 3–20
Porcupine
Geologic age of the late Miocene
Central Europe. It also overlaps the upper Astaracian, Vallesian and lower Turolian European land mammal ages, the upper Clarendonian and lower Hemphillian
Tortonian
Genus of mammals
The oldest records of the genus Moschus are known from the Late Miocene (Turolian) of Lufeng, China. While they have been traditionally classified as members
Musk_deer
Extinct genus of lagomorph
to middle Miocene) of North America. It entered Asia during the early Turolian and spread to Europe not much later, where it survived until the Middle
Hypolagus
First epoch of the Neogene Period
(Asia) AFLMA (Africa) (Australia) Messinian Hemphillian Montehermosan Turolian (MN 11-13) Baodean Baringian Waitean Huayquerian Sugutan Tortonian Bahean
Miocene
Geologic period
used more specifically with European Land Mammal Ages. It precedes the Turolian age and follows the Astaracian age. The so-called Vallesian Crisis resulted
Vallesian
Extinct genus of carnivores
metailurin machairodontine (saber-toothed) cat from the Late Miocene (the Turolian, specifically) of Spain. It contains a single species, Stenailurus teilhardi
Stenailurus
Herbivorous mammal
Made, Jan van der; Stefanovic, Ivan (2006-06-21). "A small tapir from the Turolian of Kreka (Bosnia) and a discussion on the biogeography and stratigraphy
Tapir
Extinct genus of hominid from the Miocene
one of many European immigrants that settled this area in the Vallesian–Turolian transition and one of few hominoids, together with Sivapithecus in Asia
Oreopithecus
Period of geologic time (3.5–1.0 Ma)
Piacenzian Gelasian Pleistocene Agenian Orleanian Astaracian Vallesian Turolian Ruscinian Villafranchian MN 1 MN 2 MN 3 MN 4 MN 5 MN 6 MN 7/8 MN 9 MN 10
Villafranchian
Subfamily of bears
Alcalá, and Jorge Morales. Indarctos (Ursidae, Mammalia) from the Spanish Turolian (Upper Miocene). Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, 2001. Abella, J., Plinio
Ailuropodinae
Extinct genus of mammals
Birgerbohlinia Temporal range: Turolian, Miocene Birgerbohlinia schaubi Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order:
Birgerbohlinia
Extinct species of lizard
and 2.6 ft) in length, excluding the tail. The fossil was found in the Turolian-age Mytilini Formation on the island of Samos and is currently housed in
Varanus_marathonensis
Extinct genus of rodents
muroid rodent named in 1965. It lived from the Middle Aragonian to the late Turolian. It is sometimes classified with its close relatives in the Cricetodon-Ruscinomys
Cricetulodon
Family of mammals belonging to even-toed ungulates
extinct subfamilies are known: Hypsodontinae (mid-Miocene), Oiocerinae (Turolian) and the subfamily Tethytraginae, which contains Tethytragus (mid-Miocene)
Bovidae
Extinct genus of bears
72: 350–353. Jiangzuo, Qigao; Spassov, Nikolai (2022-07-31). "A late Turolian giant panda from Bulgaria and the early evolution and dispersal of the
Agriarctos
Mammal family containing the aardvark
originally named Orycteropus gaudryi (now Amphiorycteropus) and was found in Turolian deposits on the island of Samos. Since then, representatives of the order
Orycteropodidae
European Land Mammal Ages. It precedes the Villanyian age and follows the Turolian age. The Ruscian overlaps the early Piacenzian and Zanclean ages. Paleo
Ruscinian
Extinct genus of carnivores
One leopard-sized species is known, Paramachaerodus orientalis from the Turolian. A second species, Paramacharodus maximiliani, has been considered a synonym
Paramachaerodus
Genus of birds
described in 2020 as P. bulgaricus. The fossils were recovered from Miocene (Turolian) strata in Bulgaria. Thus, like many other phasianid genera, this lineage
Phasianus
Prehistoric family of mammals
heyday of the giant deinotheres. D. giganteum was common from Vallesian and Turolian localities in Europe. Prodeinotherium, which was reasonably well represented
Deinotheriidae
River in Spain
drains the Granada basin. In the latest Tortonian and the middle and late Turolian (9.0–5.3 Ma) this was an endorheic basin. Rivers flowed from the east and
Genil
Extinct genus of carnivores
Hyaenictitherium Temporal range: Late Miocene to Pliocene (Turolian to Ruscinian) Vallesian if Hyaenotherium is included Fossil skeleton of H. hyaenoides
Hyaenictitherium
Extinct species of bird
sulcus in distal view. The fossil was found in a Late Miocene (Middle Turolian: European Mammal Neogene stage MN12, 7.5-6.8 million years ago) deposit
Branta_thessaliensis
Extinct genus of mammals
suggested that it evolved from D. giganteum during the late Vallesion to Turolian, with early members of the species still being similar in size to its ancestor
Deinotherium
Extinct genus of carnivores
Fossils of A. eximia are known from across Eurasia during the Vallesian-Turolian age of the Late Miocene (around 9.6-4.9 million years ago), spanning from
Adcrocuta
Group of extinct animals
respectively. Their extinction in Europe was correlated with the Vallesian-Turolian turnover event, also known as the Vallesian Crisis, which saw high extinction
Saber-toothed_predator
Extinct genus of felid
Rich Community of Felidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Late Miocene (Turolian, Mn 13) Site of las Casiones (Villalba Baja, Teruel, Spain)" (PDF). Journal
Fortunictis
Extinct genus of bovid
South Africa, and the Indian subcontinent. Most specimens are from the Turolian European Land Mammal Age (equivalent to the Tortonian and Messinian stages)
Tragoportax
Extinct genus of bears
K. beatrix is based on climate and environmental changes. In the early Turolian, high precipitation and humid environments in Western Europe favored smaller
Kretzoiarctos
Extinct genus of bears
of Bulgaria". Jiangzuo, Qigao; Spassov, Nikolai (2022-07-31). "A late Turolian giant panda from Bulgaria and the early evolution and dispersal of the
Agriarctos_nikolovi
Turkish politician (born 1944)
the traditional way of cotton and silk weaving. The University of Mugla, Turolian Park, and Iassos Museum were opened during her governorship. She was head
Lale_Aytaman
new insights into equid evolution in Türkiye during the early and middle Turolian (MN11-12, Late Miocene)". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia
2026_in_paleomammalogy
Extinct genus of carnivores
authors. The type species, P. orbignyi, lived from the Vallesian to the Turolian of the Late Miocene. It has been found in multiple localities in Greece
Plioviverrops
Extinct species of rodent
Montoya, Plinio (1993). "The porcupine Hystrix suevica Schlosser, 1884 from the Lower Turolian of Crevillente 2 (Spain)". Scripta Geol. 103: 135–149. v t e
Hystrix_primigenia
Extinct genus of mammals
locality from the Upper Miocene of Türkiye and its importance for the Turolian biogeography of the eastern peri-Mediterranean region". Palaeobiodiversity
Samotherium
Extinct genus of mammals
fauna from Gorna Sushitsa, southwestern Bulgaria, and the early/middle Turolian transition". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen
Ancylotherium
Extinct species of bovid
Tyrrhenotragus gracillimus. Fossils were of Late Vallesian and Early Turolian age and have been found in Baccinello, which at the time of its existence
Tyrrhenotragus
Extinct genus of saber-toothed cats
Europe. The genus was later replaced by A. giganteus during the early Turolian in Europe. However, M. aphanistus persisted longer in East Asia than in
Machairodus
Place in Cimișlia District, Moldova
Suhov in 1932 to contain bones, the remains of Hipparion fauna of the Turolian type, which were studied and described in numerous monographs published
Cimișlia
family Accipitridae. Phasianus bulgaricus Sp. nov Valid Boev Miocene (Turolian) Bulgaria A species of Phasianus. Primoptynx Gen. et sp. nov Valid Mayr
2020 in archosaur paleontology
2020_in_archosaur_paleontology
Extinct genus of sabertooth cat
Europe, Machairodus would later be replaced by A. giganteusduring the early Turolian. Amphimachairodus dispersed into in North America during the Hemphillian
Amphimachairodus
Piacenzian Gelasian Pleistocene Agenian Orleanian Astaracian Vallesian Turolian Ruscinian Villafranchian MN 1 MN 2 MN 3 MN 4 MN 5 MN 6 MN 7/8 MN 9 MN 10
Mammal_Neogene_zones
Extinct genus of mammals
locality from the Upper Miocene of Türkiye and its importance for the Turolian biogeography of the eastern peri-Mediterranean region". Palaeobiodiversity
Sporadotragus
Extinct species of tortoise
the next oldest Testudo species, T. marmorum, from Greece come from the Turolian (7.3-7.2 ma) Pikermi beds. T. hellenica is important for understanding
Testudo_hellenica
Museum in Muğla, Turkey
exhibits the fossils of animals that lived 5-9 million years ago (i.e., Turolian period) from Kaklıcatepe, a hill close to Muğla. Another section focuses
Muğla_Museum
Extinct species of bird
that lived in Russia near the Sea of Azov during the middle part of the Turolian. Nikita V. Zelenkov; Andrey V. Panteleyev (2015). "Three bird taxa (Aves:
Gallinago_azovica
Extinct genus of carnivores
saber teeth, and more conical than bladed. A partial skeleton found in the Turolian site of Kerassia 1 consists of the jawbone, the anterior and posterior
Metailurus
Extinct genus of fishes
Palaeocarassius Temporal range: Turolian fossil specimen Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Division: Teleostei
Palaeocarassius
Family of flies
†Probittacomorpha brisaci Krzemiński et al., 2012 - Montagne d'Andance Miocene (Turolian), France †Probittacomorpha christenseni Freiwald & Willmann, 1992 - Fur
Ptychopteridae
River in Andalusia, Spain
Paleolithic human occupation. In the latest Tortonian and the middle and late Turolian (9.0–5.3 Ma) the Granada basin was an endorheic basin. Rivers flowed from
Cacín_River
Species of bird
genus dates back to Miocene times. A Lanius fossil from the Late Miocene Turolian age, c. 6 million years ago, has been found at Polgárdi, Hungary. Its relationship
Great_grey_shrike
Extinct tribe of carnivores
rich community of Felidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the late Miocene (Turolian, MN 13) site of Las Casiones (Villalba Baja, Teruel, Spain)". Journal of
Metailurini
Extinct tribe of mammals
Pliocene. Hipparionins in the western Mediterranean during the Vallesian and Turolian stages of the late Miocene exhibited noticeable niche partitioning, with
Hipparionini
Tribe of antelopes
(2006) have described Pheraios chryssomallos from fossils found in the Turolian locality of Thessaly, Greece. The authors have found cladistic support
Tragelaphini
Extinct genus of mammals
guerini has only been found in Los Mansuetos in Spain. It lived during the Turolian of the Late Miocene. Gansuyaena guerini was larger than Gansuyaena megalotis
Gansuyaena
hoffmani. Gallinago azovica Sp. nov. Valid Zelenkov & Panteleyev Middle Turolian Russia A snipe, Scolopacidae. Hakawai Gen. et sp. nov. Valid De Pietri
2015 in archosaur paleontology
2015_in_archosaur_paleontology
describe fossil material of Amphimachairodus horribilis from the Miocene (Turolian) strata of the Khyargas Nuur Formation, representing the first record of
2025_in_paleomammalogy
diverse assemblage of small vertebrates is described from the Miocene (Turolian) strata from the Csodabogyós Cave (Hungary) by Pazonyi et al. (2025). Sánchez-Marco
2025_in_paleontology
compactus Förster (1891). Camponotites crozei Comb. nov Valid (Riou) Miocene (Turolian) France A Formicinae subfamily ant. moved from Camponotus crozei Riou (1999)
2024_in_paleoentomology
Genus of dragonflies
validity noted: †Aeshna andancensis Nel & Brisac, 1994 – Late Miocene (Turolian), France †Aeshna caseneuvensis Nel et al., 2022 – earliest Oligocene (Rupelian)
Aeshna
States Praesinomegaceros venustus Valid Vislobokova Late Miocene (late Turolian) Russia A megacerine deer, a species of Praesinomegaceros. Proconsul meswae
2009_in_paleomammalogy
Extinct genus of carnivores
Lycyaena Temporal range: Late Miocene (Vallesian to Turolian) Skull of Lycyaena Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia
Lycyaena
Saurichthys. Scardinius ponticus Sp. nov Valid Kovalchuk Miocene (late Turolian) Ukraine A member of Cyprinidae, a species of Scardinius. Sciaenops rossettiae
2014_in_paleoichthyology
three distinct sites, labeled 1-3. The first site was deposited during the Turolian, and over 5,000 large-mammal fossils have been identified, alongside numerous
List_of_lagerstätten
Extinct genus of carnivores
Temporal range: Late Miocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N (Vallesian to Turolian) Hyaenotherium hyaeneides mandible Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia
Hyaenotherium
Notes Images Lixus (Eulixus) balazuci Gen et sp nov Valid Voisin & Nel Turolian France A Curculionid weevil Mesoepiophlebia veronicae Gen et sp nov Valid
1993_in_paleontology
Extinct species of cobra
in Solnechnodolsk in the northern Caucasus in strata dating to the late Turolian (MN 13). Notably however, despite being known to preserve a rich and diverse
Naja_romani
Fossil genus of waterfowl from the Late Miocene of Italy
known from the MN12 European land mammal age (corresponding to the Middle Turolian period) of the Late Miocene. During this time period, the region that it
Bambolinetta
age Pleistocene Netherlands (obsolete) Van der Vlerk & Florschütz, 1950 Turolian 8.7 4.9 ELMMZ Mio-Pliocene Europe Turolium, Latin for Teruel (Spain) Crusafont
List_of_geochronologic_names
Rosina; Maxim V. Sinitsa (2014). "Bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) from the Turolian of the Ukraine: phylogenetic and biostratigraphic considerations". Neues
2014_in_paleomammalogy
Extinct genus of mammals
locality from the Upper Miocene of Türkiye and its importance for the Turolian biogeography of the eastern peri-Mediterranean region". Palaeobiodiversity
Parataxidea
Extinct genus of carnivores
Albanosmilus in the Iberian Peninsula was contemporary with Vallesian-Turolian turnover event, also known as the Vallesian Crisis, which saw high extinction
Albanosmilus
Rock layers based on occurrences of fossil assemblages of European land mammals
Piacenzian Gelasian Pleistocene Agenian Orleanian Astaracian Vallesian Turolian Ruscinian Villafranchian MN 1 MN 2 MN 3 MN 4 MN 5 MN 6 MN 7/8 MN 9 MN 10
European_land_mammal_age
(2023). "Correlation of the Marsawdad Formation, Oman, Late Miocene (Turolian-Ventian), based on fossil avian eggshells". Estudios Geológicos. 79 (2)
2023 in archosaur paleontology
2023_in_archosaur_paleontology
central-eastern Europe after the transition from the Vallesian to the Turolian), and redescribe the type material of Lutra? rumana and "Promephitis" malustenensis
2024_in_paleomammalogy
Name Novelty Authors Age Type Locality Country Notes Stenailurus teilhardi Gen. et. sp. nov. Crusafont-Pairo & Aguirre Late Miocene (Turolian) Spain
1972_in_paleontology
fossil Acanthognathus species Aeshna andancensis Sp nov Valid Nel & Brisac Turolian Montagne d'Andance France An Aeshna dragonfly Aeshna cerdanica Sp nov Valid
1994_in_paleontology
A. spathula. Branta thessaliensis Valid Sp. nov. Boev & Koufos Middle Turolian Greece An Anatidae. Cerebavis cenomanica Valid Gen. et Sp. nov. Kurochkin
2006_in_paleontology
localities across Moldova, Russia and Ukraine, including fossils from the Turolian localities Gaverdovsky and Volchaya Balka in North Caucasus representing
2023_in_reptile_paleontology
well-preserved tadpole of a European spadefoot toad from the Miocene (Turolian) konservat-lagerstätte deposit near Tresjuncos (Province of Cuenca, Spain)
2019 in amphibian paleontology
2019_in_amphibian_paleontology
(2022). A study on the systematic affinities and dietary behavior of Turolian hipparions from the Cioburciu site (Balta Formation; Moldova) is published
2022_in_paleomammalogy
lagomorph (Mammalia) from the Tusco-Sardinian Palaeobioprovince (Italy, Turolian, late Miocene)". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 123
2017_in_paleomammalogy
Cerdanyagrion Gen et sp nov valid Nel, Arillo, & Martínez-Delclòs Vallesian/Turolian Spain A Megapodagrionid damselfly Haidomyrmex cerberus Gen et sp. nov Valid
1996_in_paleontology
Honanotherium, Birgerbolhinia schaubi and Bramatherium sp. from the Vallesian and Turolian faunas of the Siwaliks, Pikermi, Samos and Maragheh, and re-classify "Giraffa"
2023_in_paleomammalogy
primitivus. Etruscotherium Gen. et sp. nov In press Pickford Miocene (Turolian) Italy An anthracothere. Genus includes new species E. ribollaense. Gangraia
2021_in_paleomammalogy
nov. et Sp. nov. Valid Zlatozar N. Boev Dimitar Kovachev Late Miocene Turolian-Meotian, MN 11-12 Bulgaria A Bucorvidae. Fissuravis weigelti Gen. nov.
2007_in_paleontology
Extinct genus of carnivores
Temporal range: Late Miocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N (Vallesian to Turolian) Skeletal mount, Tianjin Natural History Museum Scientific classification
Ictitherium
of members of the genus Palaeobatrachus are described from the Miocene (Turolian) localities in Adygea (Russia) by Syromyatnikova (2018). A redescription
2018 in amphibian paleontology
2018_in_amphibian_paleontology
Almécija et al. (2019). A revision of fossils of Mesopithecus from the late Turolian Dytiko localities (Axios Valley, Greece) is published by Koufos (2019)
2019_in_primate_paleontology
et al. (2021). A vertebra of Naja romani is described from the Miocene (Turolian) Solnechnodolsk locality (Northern Caucasus, Russia) by Syromyatnikova
2021_in_reptile_paleontology
olsacheri. Eliomys yevesi Sp. nov Valid Mansino et al. Late Miocene (late Turolian) Villatoya-Venta del Moro Formation Spain A dormouse, a species of Eliomys
2015_in_paleomammalogy
Lazaridis; Evangelia Tsoukala (2013). "Otis hellenica sp. nov., a new Turolian bustard (Aves: Otididae) from Kryopigi (Chalkidiki, Greece)" (PDF). Geologica
2013 in archosaur paleontology
2013_in_archosaur_paleontology
Titanochelon kayadibiensis Sp. nov Valid Karl, Staesche & Safi Miocene (Turolian -Tortonian) Turkey A species of Titanochelon Waluchelys Gen. et sp. nov
2020_in_reptile_paleontology
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