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The Mammal Neogene zones or MN zones are system of biostratigraphic zones in the stratigraphic record used to correlate mammal-bearing fossil localities
Mammal_Neogene_zones
paleontologists on other continents as well. The zones are as follows: Mammal Neogene zones European land mammal age Geologic time scale Norbert Schmidt-Kittler
Mammal_Paleogene_zones
Rock layers based on occurrences of fossil assemblages of European land mammals
Mein in 1975, who divided the Neogene in 17 zones, known as the MN zonation, indicated by the letters MN (Mammal Neogene) and a number. Similarly, a more
European_land_mammal_age
Topics referred to by the same term
molecular weight (Mn) Mammal Neogene zones, a system of biostratigraphic zones in the stratigraphic record used to correlate mammal-bearing fossil localities
MN
Fossil genus of mammals
of medium to large-sized bovine from the Early Pliocene (spanning Mammal Neogene zones 13-16) of Europe. It is disputed whether or not it is an early diverging
Parabos
Class of animals with milk-producing glands
evolved during the Neogene. As of the early 21st century, molecular studies based on DNA analysis have suggested new relationships among mammal families. Most
Mammal
Method of relating biologic events to the geologic timescale using fossils
finer division called Mammal Neogene (MN) zones. A total of 30 Mammal Paleogene zones have also been defined. Asian land mammal ages are more recently
Biochronology
Geologic timescale for prehistoric Asian fauna
Xiaoming (2013), "Chapter 1. Neogene Land Mammal Stages/Ages of China Toward the Goal to Establish an Asian Land Mammal Stage/Age Scheme", in Wang, Xiaoming;
Asian_land_mammal_age
Second age of the Oligocene Epoch
with regionally used stages or zones such as the upper Avernian European mammal zone (it spans the Mammal Paleogene zones 30 through 26 and part of 25);
Chattian
Mammal neogene zone
In biostratigraphy, MN 5 is one of the MN zones used to characterize the fossil mammal faunas of the Neogene of Europe. It is preceded by MN 4 and followed
MN_5_(biostratigraphic_zone)
Extinct species of mammutid proboscidean
date to the earliest Pleistocene, around 2-2.5 million years ago (Mammal Neogene zone 17). Hays, Isaac (1834). "Descriptions of the Specimens of Inferior
"Mammut"_borsoni
placental and marsupial mammals diversified into many new forms and ecological niches throughout the Paleogene and Neogene, by the end of which all modern
Evolution_of_mammals
Extinct genus of carnivores
and Paulhiac in France, which date to MN1 (or "Mammal Neogene 1" as part of the Mammal Neogene zones). The species was originally described by Kuss in
Amphicyon
First Age of the Oligocene Epoch
Land Mammal Mega Zones (the Rupelian spans the Mammal Paleogene zones 21 through 24 and part of 25), and the lower Hsandgolian Asian Land Mammal Age.
Rupelian
Third age of the Miocene epoch
Langhian is coeval with the Orleanian and Astaracian European Land Mammal Mega Zones (more precisely: with biozones MN5 and MN6, MN6 starts just below
Langhian
numerous mammal fossils such as the Pikermi site north of Athens in continental clay. Volcanic activity in the Aegean began in the Neogene and Quaternary
Geology_of_Greece
competing GSSA prospects or proposals. Mammal Neogene zones of Europe North American land mammal age South American land mammal age Type locality List of Global
Global Standard Stratigraphic Age
Global_Standard_Stratigraphic_Age
First epoch of the Neogene Period
(/ˈmaɪ.əsiːn, -oʊ-/ MY-ə-seen, -oh-) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about 23 to 5 million years ago (Ma). The Miocene
Miocene
Sixth and last age of the Miocene Epoch, about 7 to 5 million years ago
of the Pliocene. The Messinian overlaps the Turolian European Land Mammal Mega Zone (more precisely MN 12 and 13) and the Pontian Central European Paratethys
Messinian
North American faunal stage
8-11.8 Ma) ELMA - Astaracian (15.97-11.608 Ma) Mammal Neogene Units, European Faunal Zones MN 5 zone (15.97-13.65 Ma) CPS earliest Badenian (13.65-12
Barstovian
B. L.; Weems, R. E. (2026). "Terrestrial Mammals of the Neogene Chesapeake Group and Comparison with Neogene Terrestrial Mammalian Faunas of the Eastern
2026_in_paleomammalogy
Extinct genus of carnivores
from the Belomechetskaja, Russia area and date from the sixth Mammal Neogene (MN) zone. This species is the best known of the family Percrocutidae.[citation
Percrocuta
Geologic formation in the western United States
collections of terrestrial Neogene vertebrate fossils, Nebraska geologists recognized the distinct North American land mammal ages (NALMA) within the Ogallala;
Ogallala_Formation
Second epoch of the Neogene Period
million years ago (Ma). It is the second and most recent epoch of the Neogene Period in the Cenozoic Era. The Pliocene follows the Miocene Epoch and
Pliocene
Age or a stage in the middle Miocene Epoch
of the Astaracian European Land Mammal Mega Zone, the upper Barstovian and lower Clarendonian North American Land Mammal Ages and the Laventan and lower
Serravallian
Studies of an extinct genus of proboscidean
least MN15 (late Miocene) until MN17 (early Pleistocene) of the Mammal Neogene zones. "M." obliquelophus is another valid species of mammutid from Eurasia
Research_history_of_Mammut
Period of geologic time (3.5–1.0 Ma)
John A. Van Couvering. Cambridge University Press 1997 Fossil Mammals of Asia: Neogene Biostratigraphy and Chronology, edited by Xiaoming Wang, Lawrence
Villafranchian
Stratigraphic unit of Miocene age in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida
known for its phosphate rock resources, and for its rich assemblages of Neogene vertebrate fossils. The Waldo Formation was described by L.C. Johnson of
Hawthorn_Group
Extinct genus of mammals
endemism to develop. Therefore, the European mammals of the late Eocene (MP17–MP20 of the Mammal Palaeogene zones) were mostly descendants of endemic middle
Plagiolophus_(mammal)
Geologic formation in Chile
fossiliferous geological formation that outcrops across the nearby coastal zones of Caldera, Chile. The unit is part of the greater Caldera Basin and was
Bahía_Inglesa_Formation
Extinct genus of fruits
(Baden- Württemberg, Germany, middle Miocene, reference locality of Mammal Neogene Zone MN 7)". ResearchGate (Bulletin of Geosciences 93(4)): 419–456. December
Chaneya
In biostratigraphy, MN 4 is one of the MN zones used to characterize the fossil mammal faunas of the Neogene of Europe. It is preceded by MN 3 and followed
MN_4_(biostratigraphy)
Geologic formation in Panama
Werner; Béarez, Philippe (2016), "Otoliths of the Sciaenidae from the Neogene of tropical America", Palaeo Ichthyologica, 14: 7–90, retrieved 2019-02-09
Chagres_Formation
studied mammals since the late Miocene, is published by Wilson et al. (2024). De La Fuente et al. (2024) identify small mammal tracks from the Neogene strata
2024_in_paleomammalogy
Fourth and current eon of the geological timescale
Neogene and Quaternary. The Paleogene spans from the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs, some 66 million years ago, to the dawn of the Neogene 23 million
Phanerozoic
Geologic timescale for prehistoric South American fauna
age-range zones overlap. South America was an island continent for much of the Cenozoic, or the "Age of Mammals". As a result, its mammals evolved in
South American land mammal age
South_American_land_mammal_age
Geologic formation in Panama
in Panama. It preserves vertebrate and plant fossils dating back to the Neogene period; Early to Middle Miocene epochs (Hemingfordian). Fossils of the
Cucaracha_Formation
National park in the Dominican Republic
physical geographic zones, it has the greatest diversity of fauna among the protected natural areas in the country. Two endemic mammal species, the Hispaniolan
Los_Haitises_National_Park
mammal family" (PDF). Molecular Biology and Evolution. 33 (12): 3095–3103. doi:10.1093/molbev/msw186. PMID 27624716. Buisonjé, P.H. de. 1974. Neogene
Mammals_of_the_Caribbean
List of organisms from the Tamiami Formation and related units
28296. "Agnocardia spinosifrons". Neogene Atlas of Ancient Life. Retrieved 2026-08-13. "Panchione ulocyma". Neogene Atlas of Ancient Life. Retrieved 2026-08-14
Paleobiota of the Tamiami Formation
Paleobiota_of_the_Tamiami_Formation
Extinct genus of carnivores
Zonation". In Lindsay, H.E.; Fahlbusch, V.; Mein, P. (eds.). European Neogene Mammal Chronology. Plenum Press. pp. 527–556. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2513-8_32
Miomachairodus
Animals living within Africa
was probably connected to the mainland again in the Eocene. The first Neogene faunal interchange took place in the Middle Miocene (the introduction of
Fauna_of_Africa
Extinct genus of mammal
Culebra Formation of the Panama Canal Zone, in which the holotype fossil was found. Paleontology portal Prehistoric mammals portal Vélez Juarbe & Wood, 2019
Culebratherium
Extinct genus of astrapothere
Xenastrapotherium is an extinct genus of astrapothere, a type of hoofed herbivorous mammal, native to South America, which lived in the Middle to Late Miocene period
Xenastrapotherium
spatial dynamics of Neogene and Pleistocene Old World mammalian communities. A study on changes of the regional diversity of Asian mammals through time is
2022_in_paleomammalogy
Extinct genus of mammals
Parastrapotherium is an extinct genus of South American land mammal that existed from the Late Oligocene (Deseadan SALMA) to the Early Miocene (Colhuehuapian
Parastrapotherium
Extinct genus of sperm whale from the Miocene epoch
have been known to be a climatic barrier for numerous cetaceans since Neogene times, and it was then-hypothesized is that Livyatan may have been among
Livyatan
Latest age of the Pliocene
coeval with the European land mammal age MN 16, overlaps the late Chapadmalalan and early Uquian South American land mammal age and falls inside the more
Piacenzian
This paleomammalogy list records new fossil mammal taxa that were described during the year 2017, as well as notes other significant paleomammalogy discoveries
2017_in_paleomammalogy
the evolution and interconnectedness of the mammal faunas living in the Old World savannas in the Neogene is published by Kaya et al. (2018). A study
2018_in_paleomammalogy
Extinct genus of mammals
"new" (neos), "pony" (hipparion)) is an extinct genus of equid, from the Neogene (Miocene to Pliocene) of North America and Central America. Fossils of
Neohipparion
Family of mammals
also known as phocids or true seals, are one of the three main groups of mammals within the seal lineage, Pinnipedia. All true seals are members of the
Earless_seal
Geologic formation in the United States
preserves fossils dating back to the early to middle Miocene epoch of the Neogene period, between 23 and 14 million years ago. It is one of the three formations
Calvert_Formation
Species in mammal order Pholidota
Pholidota is an order of placental mammals in the Pholidotamorpha clade. A member of this order is called a pholidotan or a pangolin. They are distributed
List_of_pholidotans
First period of the Cenozoic Era
the Cretaceous Period 66 Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Neogene Period 23.04 Ma. It is the first period of the Cenozoic Era, the tenth
Paleogene
First epoch of the Paleogene Period
Paleogene and Neogene Periods. In 1978, the Paleogene was officially defined as the Paleocene, Eocene, and Oligocene Epochs; and the Neogene as the Miocene
Paleocene
Biological phenomenon
Islands, western Mediterranean): biostratigraphic nexus with continental mammal zones". Historical Biology. 31 (5): 559–573. doi:10.1080/08912963.2017.1377194
Island_gigantism
Drying-up of the Mediterranean Sea 5.96–5.33 million years ago
1016/0012-821X(96)00109-4. Retrieved October 2, 2025. Gregory J., Retallack (1997). "Neogene Expansion of the North American Prairie". PALAIOS. 12 (4): 380–390. doi:10
Messinian_salinity_crisis
Geological formation in southwestern Bulgaria
mathewi and elephant-like mammals Anancus arvernensis. The pyramids are built up by sedimentary rocks dated from the Neogene and Quaternary periods. The
Melnik_Earth_Pyramids
Extinct genus of bears
isotope analysis of the tooth enamel of Chaingzauk mammalian fauna (late Neogene, Myanmar) and its implication to paleoenvironment and paleogeography".
Agriotherium
Extinct genus of mammals
in terms of the Mammal Paleogene zones by MP7 (or early Eocene), mostly predominantly the Proviverrinae. In terms of carnivorous mammal assemblages of
Pterodon_(mammal)
Extinct genus of carnivores
Paludocyon bohemicus was discovered, dates to the early Miocene (Mammal Neogene Zone 3), with an absolute age of ~19-18 Ma. The site was loacted at the
Paludocyon
Geologic formation in California, United States
reptiles, rodents, birds, and larger mammals. The species date back to the Miocene and Pliocene epochs of the Neogene period. 29 taxa were collected by the
Crowder_Formation
Brain of birds
that the largest brain sizes in birds evolved only recently, with the Neogene radiation of crown corvids and crown parrots. Moreover, in these lineages
Avian_brain
Extinct genus of beaked whale
Ziphiidae and subfamily Hyperoodontinae. It was first described in 2007 from Neogene deposits off South Africa, with Africanacetus ceratopsis as the type species
Africanacetus
Climate interval
Wiley Online Library. Wang, Shiqi (30 May 2023). "Large herbivorous mammals in the Neogene of China and their biostratigraphy". Quaternary Sciences. 43 (3):
Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum
Middle_Miocene_Climatic_Optimum
Mountain range in India, Pakistan and Nepal
1016/S1367-9120(02)00013-5. Patnaik, R. (2013). "Indian Neogene Siwalik Mammalian Biostratigraphy. An Overview". Fossil Mammals of Asia. New York Chichester, West Sussex:
Sivalik_Hills
Second epoch of the Paleogene Period
Paleogene and Neogene periods. In 1978, the Paleogene was officially defined as the Paleocene, Eocene, and Oligocene epochs; and the Neogene as the Miocene
Eocene
Extinct species of tortoise
(2013) Neogene mammal biostratigraphy and chronology of Greece. In Wang X., Flynn L.J. and Fortelius M. (eds), Fossil mammals of Asia, Neogene biostratigraphy
Testudo_hellenica
Geologic formation in Panama
it derives its name, and preserves a rich fossil faunal assemblage of mammals, fish (among which fossil teeth of megalodon), invertebrates and flora
Alajuela_Formation
Geological formation in south-east England
terrestrial mammal fauna of the Norwich Crag belongs to the Late Villafranchian European Land Mammal Age and is correlated with European Neogene Mammal Zone MN17
Norwich_Crag_Formation
Extinct genus of mammals
Profesor Scalabrini en Las Barrancas del Paraña [On a collection of fossil mammals collected by Professor Scalabrini in Las Barrancas of Paraña]. Boletin
Palaehoplophorus
Mountain ranges stretching the length of Italy
Apennines were created in the Apennine orogeny beginning in the early Neogene (about 20 mya, the middle Miocene) and continuing today. Geographically
Apennine_Mountains
First epoch of the Quaternary Period
meaning "new, recent". The aridification and cooling trends of the preceding Neogene were continued in the Pleistocene. The climate was highly variable depending
Pleistocene
Genus of mammals
Veratalpa ("true mole") is an extinct genus of placental mammals of uncertain affinities, that lived in France from the early to middle Miocene. It is
Veratalpa
Paleozoographic event resulting from the formation of the Isthmus of Panama
"Marine strontium isotopes preserved in fossil shark teeth calibrate Neogene land mammal evolution". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 661
Great_American_Interchange
Major mountain range in western North America
the Yukon). The U.S. Geological Survey defines ten forested zones in the Rockies. Zones in more southern, warmer, or drier areas are defined by the presence
Rocky_Mountains
Concept in evolution theory
corroboration of the resource-use hypothesis beyond its initial foundation in Neogene-Quaternary African ruminants. A key prediction —that the speciation rates
Resource-use_hypothesis
Outcrop of rock in the sea formed by the growth and deposit of stony coral skeletons
Coral reef ecosystems contain distinct zones that host different kinds of habitats. Usually, three major zones are recognized: the fore reef, the reef
Coral_reef
Species of mammal
(Mellivora capensis), also known as the ratel (/ˈrɑːtəl/ or /ˈreɪtəl/), is a mammal widely distributed across Africa, Southwest Asia, and the Indian subcontinent
Honey_badger
Extinct genus of litopterns
the theory that the South American tropical zone acted as a refuge for primitive species during the Neogene. New remains of Megadolodus were only uncovered
Megadolodus
Extinct genus of endemic Paleogene European artiodactyls
fossil animals of other periods (i.e. Mesozoic dinosaurs and Neogene-Quaternary mammals), their fossil discoveries in Montmartre and formal descriptions
Anoplotherium
Extinct genus of mammals
western European ruminants during the early-middle Oligocene by Mammal Paleogene zones. In the distribution chart, he listed B. curtum as ranging from
Bachitherium
M.; Gheerbrant, E.; Allain, R. (2015-10-03). "Earliest known European mammals: a review of the Morganucodonta from Saint-Nicolas-de-Port (Upper Triassic
List_of_lagerstätten
"Miocene Land Mammals and Stratigraphy of Japan". In Wang Xiaoming; Flynn, Lawrence J.; Fortelius, Mikael (eds.). Fossil Mammals of Asia: Neogene Biostratigraphy
List of prehistoric mammals of Japan
List_of_prehistoric_mammals_of_Japan
Extinct genus of new world monkeys
age of 20.93 ± 0.17 Ma, of the Panama Canal Zone. Primates portal Paleontology portal Prehistoric mammals portal List of fossil primates of Central and
Panamacebus
National park in Sweden
gradually extending its territory into the higher zones, where it competes with the arctic fox. Some small mammals that are frequent in the park are the European
Sarek_National_Park
Extinct genus of mammals
adaptations towards aquatic life, clearly setting them apart from all other mammals. Among these adaptations is what is commonly referred to as "telescoping"
Odobenocetops
Genus of lizards
perennial river drainage, and active rivers during wet periods of the Neogene could have led to allopatric speciation within the genus. Rhynchoedura
Rhynchoedura
Geologic formation in New Mexico, U.S.
north-central New Mexico. It preserves unique fossils dating back to the Neogene period. The presence of volcanic ash beds in the formation, which can be
Chamita_Formation
Neogene geological formation in Chile
Martínez-Pardo noted that ever since the observations made by Darwin, most of the Neogene northern-central marine deposits of Chile have been wrongly referred to
Coquimbo_Formation
Species of shark
Chávez-Hoffmeister, Martín F.; Villafaña, Jaime A. (2023-04-01). "The Neogene record of cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes: Holocephali, Elasmobranchii)
Copper_shark
Development of insects from an ancestral crustacean and their subsequent radiation
most important sites for beetle fossils of the Neogene are in the warm temperate and to subtropical zones. Many recent genera and species already existed
Evolution_of_insects
Geology of peninsula in southwestern Europe
unconformably overlies the South Portugal zone, Ossa Morena zone and Central Iberian zone. It contains Neogene to Quaternary aged material. The Betics were
Geology of the Iberian Peninsula
Geology_of_the_Iberian_Peninsula
Movement of Earth's lithosphere
hundred kilometers into Earth. These zones later became known as Wadati–Benioff zones, or simply Benioff zones, in honor of the seismologists who first
Plate_tectonics
Paleontological research in the U.S. state of Oregon
known fossil grasshopper eggs. Aquatic mammals made their first appearance in Oregon along the early Neogene coast. Fossils from early pinnipeds such
Paleontology_in_Oregon
Miocene, about 18 million years ago, corresponding to the European zone MN 4. Mammals found at the site include: Metatherians Siamoperadectes minutus Lipotyphlans
Li_Mae_Long
the study of the Neogene to Holocene record of marine anthozoans, bivalves, gastropods, sea urchins, cartilaginous fishes and mammals, indicating that
2026_in_paleontology
deers. Felids evolve. c. 24 Ma – Earliest pinnipeds (seals). c. 23.04 Ma – Neogene Period and Miocene epoch begin c. 23 Ma - The megalodon evolves. c. 22
Timeline_of_Earth
Geologic formation in North Carolina, United States
; McLellan, Jack H.; Meyer, Robert L.; Slaughter, Bob H. (2001). "The Neogene Sharks, Rays, and Bony Fishes from Lee Creek Mine, Aurora, North Carolina"
Pungo_River_Formation
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MAMMAL NEOGENE-ZONES
MAMMAL NEOGENE-ZONES
Boy/Male
English
Ermine (ferret-like mammal).
Female
English
English variant spelling French Georgine, GEORGENE means "earth-worker, farmer."
Female
English
Pet form of English Noele, NOELENE means "day of birth."
Boy/Male
Greek American
Well-born. Famous bearer: Prince Eugene of Savoy; American playwright Eugene O'Neill.
Boy/Male
Arabic
Camel; Handsome
Girl/Female
Latin American
Image. Blameless; innocent.
Male
Hebrew
(סמ×ל) Variant spelling of Hebrew Samael, the name of an Angel of Death, SAMMAEL means "whom God makes" and "venom of God."
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Soft; Delicate Fabric
Girl/Female
Indian
Soft
Boy/Male
Arabic
Form of Jamal
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Imogen, IMOGENE means "girl, maiden."Â
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, English, Irish, Latin
Maiden; Image; Likeness; Innocent; Last Born
Female
English
Feminine form of English Nolan, NOLENE means "little champion" or "little chariot fighter."
Girl/Female
Muslim
Soft
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Hopeful
Female
English
Variant spelling of Irish Noreen, NORENE means "honor, valor."
Surname or Lastname
German
German : East Frisian patronymic from the nursery name Mamme, linked to Middle High German mamme, memme ‘mother’s breast’ (Latin mamma).English (of Norman origin) : from the Old French personal name Maismon, Maimon, of unknown etymology.Indian (Kerala) : variant of Thomas among Kerala Christians, with the Tamil-Malayalam third person masculine singular suffix -n. It is only found as a personal name in Kerala, but in the U.S. has come to be used as a family name among Kerala Christians.
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Soft
Female
Hebrew
Variant spelling of Hebrew Meital, MAYTAL means "dew drops."
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Christian, Greek, Latin
Farmer; Earth Worker; Similar to Georgia
MAMMAL NEOGENE-ZONES
MAMMAL NEOGENE-ZONES
MAMMAL NEOGENE-ZONES
MAMMAL NEOGENE-ZONES
MAMMAL NEOGENE-ZONES
MAMMAL NEOGENE-ZONES
MAMMAL NEOGENE-ZONES
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