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Medical research simulation
The Virtual Physiological Rat (VPR) Project is an international collaboration aimed at simulating the integrated cardiovascular function of the rat and
Virtual_Physiological_Rat
Human anatomy Living Human Project Physiology Physiome Virtual Physiological Rat VPHOP (Osteoporotic Virtual Physiological Human) Clapworthy et al. 2007 According
Virtual_Physiological_Human
Wholistic physiological dynamics of an organism
of omics topics in biology Living Human Project Virtual Physiological Human Virtual Physiological Rat Hunter, Peter J.; Thomas K. Borg (March 2003). "Integration
Physiome
German scientist
director (with Peter Coveney, University College London) of the Virtual Physiological Human Network of Excellence (VPH NoE) and he was the Speaker of
Peter_Kohl_(physiologist)
Vertebrate brain region
organization of physiological activity in the hippocampal region: Relevance to memory formation". Spatial organization of physiological activity in the
Hippocampus
Cutting procedure used in anatomy
Objections to the use of cadavers have led to the use of alternatives including virtual dissection of computer models. In the field of surgery, the term "dissection"
Dissection
Sense of position of one's own body parts
vitamin in the body returns to a level that is closer to that of the physiological norm. Impairment can also be caused by cytotoxic factors such as chemotherapy
Proprioception
Memory about one's environment and spatial orientation
Comparative and Physiological Psychology Levin, E.D.; Christopher, N.C. (2006). "Effects of clozapine on memory function in the rat neonatal hippocampal
Spatial_memory
include the Simcyp population-based ADME Simulator, Simcyp Paediatric, Simcyp Rat, Simcyp Dog, and Simcyp Mouse. The Simcyp Simulator is a population-based
Simcyp
Swiss brain research initiative
simplified neurons. In November 2007, it completed an initial model of the rat neocortical column. This marked the end of the first phase, delivering a
Blue_Brain_Project
British physiologist
Experimental Physiology from 2000 to 2006, and a Guest editor for Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical. Paton Prize of the Physiological Society (2005)
John_H._Coote
weightlessness (CIRCA) Physiological parameters that predict orthostatic intolerance after spaceflight (AORTA) Physiological Parameters That Predict
ESA scientific research on the International Space Station
ESA_scientific_research_on_the_International_Space_Station
Blood vessel formation, when new vessels emerge from existing vessels
Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels, formed in the earlier stage of vasculogenesis
Angiogenesis
Neural mechanism
significant role in self-location during movement over short distances. As a rat moves along a path, individual place cells fire action potentials at an increased
Phase_precession
Cheating, adultery, or having an affair
outputs to deter infidelity and abandonment. Looking at jealousy's physiological mechanism offers support for this idea. Jealousy is a form of stress
Infidelity
Memory impairments linked to eating disorders
drive for activity, the restricted food intake during hunger, and other physiological consequences of malnutrition, are all reproduced in this model. The
Eating_disorders_and_memory
Biochemical modification of drugs or foreign compounds by living organisms
along with overoxidation. Various physiological and pathological factors can also affect drug metabolism. Physiological factors that can influence drug
Drug_metabolism
Biological sound detection process
entirely used to explain the response. Furthermore, a number of recent physiological observations made in the midbrain and brainstem of small mammals have
Sound_localization
Place-activated hippocampus cells found in some mammals
the hippocampus. They noted that some of the cells showed activity when a rat was "situated in a particular part of the testing platform facing in a particular
Place_cell
Connection between brain and computer
needed] Several laboratories have managed to read signals from monkey and rat cerebral cortices to operate BCIs to produce movement. Monkeys have moved
Brain–computer_interface
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(April 2000). "HIF-1: mediator of physiological and pathophysiological responses to hypoxia". Journal of Applied Physiology. 88 (4): 1474–1480. Bibcode:2000JAPh
HIF1A
Hypothetical process of digitally emulating a brain
animal brain mapping and simulation, development of faster supercomputers, virtual reality, brain–computer interfaces, connectomics, and information extraction
Mind_uploading
Class of enzymes
inactivation of histamine, a biomolecule that is involved in various physiological processes. Methyltransferases are present in every life form including
Histamine_N-methyltransferase
Ability of the brain to continuously change
on the demand to produce recovery of behavioral or physiological processes. Regarding physiological forms of activity-dependent plasticity, those involving
Neuroplasticity
Drug mixture used mainly to treat ADHD and narcolepsy
withdrawal: evidence from a long-access self-administration model in the rat". Molecular Neurobiology. 51 (2): 696–717 (Figure 1). doi:10.1007/s12035-014-8776-8
Adderall
Mental disorder
perform tasks as though they had not been done properly the first time. The "Rat Man", real name Ernst Lanzer, a patient of Sigmund Freud, suffered from what
Obsessive–compulsive_disorder
Focusing ability of eye
Elementary Physiology (5th ed.). London and New York: MACMILLAN AND CO. pp. 256–258. Helmholtz, H. von (1962). Treatise on physiological optics (English
Accommodation (vertebrate eye)
Accommodation_(vertebrate_eye)
Swiss academic publisher of open access journals
described as featuring "garbled text and a wildly incorrect diagram of a rat penis". Microbiologist and scientific integrity consultant Elisabeth Bik
Frontiers_Media
Consequence affecting an organism's future behavior
typically in the presence of a particular antecedent stimulus. For example, a rat can be trained to push a lever to receive food whenever a light is turned
Reinforcement
Proteinogenic amino acid
Cysteine can usually be synthesized by the human body under normal physiological conditions if a sufficient quantity of methionine is available through
Cysteine
Study of mental functions and behaviors
mental functions in individual and social behavior. Others explore the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie cognitive functions and
Psychology
Neural oscillatory pattern
Hippocampal theta waves, with a frequency range of 6–10 Hz, appear when a rat is engaged in active motor behavior such as walking or exploratory sniffing
Theta_wave
2004 terrorist incident in Jerusalem
called her book, "a dizzying novel in which the author explores the physiological and emotional territories of suffering". The jury characterized the
2004_Jerusalem_bus_19_bombing
Ferret-legging Hamster racing Malaysian monkey toss Rabbit show jumping Rat agility Thailandian monkey ball Birds Bird singing contest Cockfighting Flying
List_of_sports
Process of producing individual organisms with identical genomes
Nicky, 2004, was the first cat cloned for commercial reasons Rat: Ralph, the first cloned rat (2003) Mule: Idaho Gem, a john mule born 4 May 2003, was the
Cloning
Medical imaging technique
technique used in radiology to generate pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes inside the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields,
Magnetic_resonance_imaging
Genus of large bats
R. R.; Fiedler, L. R.; Rasheed, H. (1988). "Management of fruit bat and rat populations in the Maldive Islands, Indian Ocean". Proceedings of the Thirteenth
Pteropus
Protein found in humans
rat TAAR1, but the difficulties in assessing T1AM concentration at receptor level do not enable to reach a clear conclusion about their physiological
TAAR1
Study of signs
information. Similarly, hormones function as signaling molecules that control physiological functions by conveying information over long distances in the body.
Semiotics
U.S.-led campaign against illegal drug use and trade
Cocaine hydrochloride is readily converted to base prior to use. The physiological and psychoactive effects of cocaine are similar regardless of whether
War_on_drugs
Sexual entertainment venue
works as a prostitute and stripper in a small London club called The Red Rat, where she meets a multi-dimension man named Doctor Henry Jekyll, who turns
Strip_club
Any animal adapted to live in the desert
temperatures as high as 49 °C (120 °F) without sweating, and the kangaroo rat lacks sweat glands entirely. Both birds and mammals in the desert have oils
Xerocole
Series of events that restore integrity to damaged tissue after an injury
completely normal. This type of regeneration is common in physiological situations. Examples of physiological regeneration are the continual replacement of cells
Wound_healing
et al. (11 June 2024). "Cosmic kidney disease: an integrated pan-omic, physiological and morphological study into spaceflight-induced renal dysfunction"
2024_in_science
Organic chemical that functions both as a hormone and a neurotransmitter
unveiled a critical role for dopaminylation in mediating a wide range of physiological processes, be that in the nervous system or beyond. Dopaminylation is
Dopamine
ISBN 3-577-13505-0. Bornet, Philippe (2011). Religions in play: games, rituals, and virtual worlds. Theologischer Verlag Zürich. pp. 282–283. ISBN 978-3-290-22010-5
List of Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 1st edition monsters
List_of_Advanced_Dungeons_&_Dragons_1st_edition_monsters
Type of associative learning process for behavioral modification
(2015). "Neuronal reward and decision signals: from theories to data". Physiological Reviews. 95 (3): 853–951. doi:10.1152/physrev.00023.2014. PMC 4491543
Operant_conditioning
Physiological nature of sleep
The neuroscience of sleep is the study of the neuroscientific and physiological basis of the nature of sleep and its functions. Traditionally, sleep has
Neuroscience_of_sleep
Area of the temporal lobe of the brain
rotational symmetry in entorhinal BOLD signal as human participants navigated a virtual environment, consistent with a population of grid-like cells operating
Entorhinal_cortex
Philippe; Burger, Maya (eds.). Religions in play: games, rituals, and virtual worlds. Theologischer Verlag Zürich. pp. 278, 282–283. ISBN 978-3-290-22010-5
List of Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition monsters
List_of_Advanced_Dungeons_&_Dragons_2nd_edition_monsters
Capital city of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company. "Religijski rat – "Ubili smo Boga u Magdeburgu!"" (in Serbo-Croatian). Večernji list. 28
Magdeburg
Use of animals in experiments
monkeys for vision experiments; each monkey was anesthetized for a single physiological experiment lasting up to 120 hours, and then euthanized. The researcher's
Animal_testing
Organic compound that is soluble in nonpolar solvents
transport of carnitine catalyzed by the reconstituted carnitine carrier from rat liver mitochondria". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes.
Lipid
for other animals with much smaller neurons, including the Zebrafish and rat. Werblin would then use these data to construct elegant models of visual
Frank_Werblin
Biological tissue housed in bone
ideas and advance research into, and our understanding of, the patho/physiological role of BMAds.[citation needed] This success led to a network of researchers
Bone_marrow_adipose_tissue
Calendar year
country for 18 months. April 22 – World leaders mark Earth Day by hosting a virtual summit on climate change, during which more ambitious targets for greenhouse
2021
Marvel Comics superhero
powerful demons; healing and mending with a glancing touch; resisting the physiological and psychological invasion by the techno-organic mutant Paradigm; seeing
Danielle_Moonstar
results are encouraging, that emerging computerized technologies may have physiological effects and potential benefits for middle-aged and older adults. Internet
Psychological effects of Internet use
Psychological_effects_of_Internet_use
Research laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2018-01-29. "From iCalm to Q Sensor to Physiio to Empatica". "Real-time physiological signals | E4 EDA/GSR sensor". "Spinoff Companies – MIT Media Lab". MIT
MIT_Media_Lab
Type of neuron associated with empathy
monkeys, and in humans there is strong empirical evidence, in the form of physiological and neuropsychological (double-) dissociations, against the claim."
Mirror_neuron
Ejaculation and climax soon after initiating sexual activity
there is little evidence to support any of these theories. Several physiological mechanisms have been hypothesized to contribute to causing premature
Premature_ejaculation
Group of fictitious creatures
Philippe; Burger, Maya (eds.). Religions in play: games, rituals, and virtual worlds. Theologischer Verlag Zürich. p. 282. ISBN 978-3-290-22010-5. Retrieved
Monsters in Dungeons & Dragons
Monsters_in_Dungeons_&_Dragons
Ratcliffe (diver) later Ocean Development Corporation – Diving helmets. (Rat hat). Ratio Computers – Dive computers. Reefnet – Dive computers. Rene Sports
List of diving equipment manufacturers
List_of_diving_equipment_manufacturers
Brain kept alive in vitro outside of a body
such science fiction stories, the computer would then be simulating a virtual reality (including appropriate responses to the brain's own output) and
Isolated_brain
Disinfection method using ultraviolet light
Nishiaki A, Ohashi H, Igarashi T, Tanito M (May 2021). "Re-Evaluation of Rat Corneal Damage by Short-Wavelength UV Revealed Extremely Less Hazardous Property
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
Ultraviolet_germicidal_irradiation
Cascade of intracellular and molecular events for transmission/amplification of signals
in Physiology or Medicine, while Levi-Montalcini and Cohen shared it in 1986. In 1970, Martin Rodbell examined the effects of glucagon on a rat's liver
Signal_transduction
and/or associated structures. SPW-Rs are therefore the most prominent physiological biomarkers of episodic (i.e., hippocampus-dependent) memory consolidation
Sleep_and_memory
Form of programmed cell death
3.co;2-6. PMID 10842327. Boehm I (June 2006). "Apoptosis in physiological and pathological skin: implications for therapy". Current Molecular
Apoptosis
Region of the prefrontal cortex of the brain
bad. By contrast, patients with OFC dysfunction never develop this physiological reaction to impending punishment. Bechara and his colleagues explain
Orbitofrontal_cortex
Device in neurophysiology
MEAs. Dissociated rat cortical neurons were integrated into a closed stimulus-response feedback loop to control an animat in a virtual environment. A closed-loop
Microelectrode_array
Concept of eternal life
radically changed – e.g., by God periodically erasing our memories or giving us rat-like brains that never tire of certain simple pleasures – then such a person
Immortality
Ready-to-eat food or drink on a street
fact that social and geographical origins largely determine consumers’ physiological adaptation and reaction to foods—whether contaminated or not—is neglected
Street_food
Class of chemical compounds
AH-receptor activity is necessary for normal development and many physiological functions. Mice lacking the AH receptor (knockouts) are sick with cardiac
Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds
Dioxins_and_dioxin-like_compounds
Class of pharmacological agents
Adrenoceptor and Dopamine D1 Receptor Pathways in the Diet-Induced Obese Rat". Neuropsychopharmacology. 35 (7): 1464–1476. doi:10.1038/npp.2010.16. ISSN 0893-133X
Anti-obesity_medication
Artificial miniature brain like organ
that innermost area. This imposes limitations to cerebral organoids' physiological applicability. Because of this lack of oxygen and nutrients, neural
Cerebral_organoid
Verhoeven's giant rat. Vincent et al. (2025) describe the brain endocasts of the Tenerife giant rat and the Gran Canaria giant rat, providing evidence
2025_in_paleomammalogy
Traumatic memories in the human mind
amygdala and leads to changes in brain functioning as well as altering physiological indicators of stress; heart rate, blood pressure and an increase in
Traumatic_memories
Zoo and aquarium in Omaha, Nebraska, US
Mongoose lemur Aye-aye Collared lemur Common brown lemur Fossa Malagasy giant rat Radiated tortoise The Garden of the Senses opened in spring 1998 at a cost
Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium
Omaha's_Henry_Doorly_Zoo_and_Aquarium
University in Fez, Morocco
embellishments included a new minbar and a dome topped by talismans in the shape of a rat, a serpent, and a scorpion. Of these, only the dome itself, whose exterior
University_of_al-Qarawiyyin
Digital Pathology
histopathology and combines classical digital pathology (glass slides scanning and virtual slide generation) and computational pathology (digital analysis) into one
Tissue_cytometry
Neuroscientific approaches purposed under the scope of applied aesthetics
architectural design alter the physiological reaction to psychosocial stress? A virtual TSST experiment". Physiology & Behavior. 135: 91–97. doi:10.1016/j
Neuroesthetics
computer scientist, professor, co-founder of the Multics project, pioneered virtual memory Jack Dennis – retired MIT professor, co-founder of the Multics project
List of Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
List_of_Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology_alumni
1, 2012. Shwartz, Mark (March 7, 2007). "Robert Sapolsky discusses physiological effects of stress". News. Stanford University. Retrieved October 13
List of Jewish atheists and agnostics
List_of_Jewish_atheists_and_agnostics
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
inwardly rectifying potassium conductance in rat nucleus accumbens neurones". The Journal of Physiology. 422 (1): 369–380. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1990.sp017989
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
Muscarinic_acetylcholine_receptor_M1
Slovak-Jewish Auschwitz escapee, Canadian biochemist (1924–2006)
subsequent release from lipids and high-molecular-weight constituents of rat brain, liver, and heart in vivo". Canadian Journal of Biochemistry, 50(1)
Rudolf_Vrba
American neuroscientist
senescence: a neurophysiological and behavioral study in the rat. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 93(1), 74–104. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0077579
Carol_A._Barnes
known organism for which "a virus-only diet ... is enough to fuel the physiological growth and even population growth". 5 July – The Fields Medal in mathematics
2022_in_science
Zoo in Washington, D.C., and Front Royal, Virginia
or any part of any record." In January 2003, red pandas died after eating rat poison that had been buried in their yard by a pest control contractor. The
National Zoological Park (United States)
National_Zoological_Park_(United_States)
Aspect of medical care
medical condition (i.e. stroke) that is judged to be due to the direct physiological effects of [that] condition". Post-stroke depression may involve depressed
Stroke_recovery
Primary cholinesterase in the body
histochemical localization of cholinesterases in the central nervous system of the rat". Journal of Comparative Neurology. 100 (1): 211–35. doi:10.1002/cne.901000108
Acetylcholinesterase
Boarding school in Concord, New Hampshire, United States
pittsburghfoundation.org. Retrieved April 9, 2024. McGrath, Ben (March 7, 2004). "Rink Rat in Chief". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved April 9, 2024. Forrest
St. Paul's School (New Hampshire)
St._Paul's_School_(New_Hampshire)
cognitive function. Seeing that there are ethical limitations posed in the physiological study of humans, there is greater opportunity for more invasive procedures
Spontaneous_alternation
Chemical compound
synthesis. Regardless of the details, an outstanding issue is that the physiological route of NAADP synthesis has still not been unequivocally identified
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Nicotinic_acid_adenine_dinucleotide_phosphate
International non-profit organization
GlaxoSmithKline Virtual Bioterio Cerberus Sciences Charles River Laboratories CHUGAI Pharmaceutical Co Tecniplast International Union of Physiological Sciences
International Council for Laboratory Animal Science
International_Council_for_Laboratory_Animal_Science
named after him. His name is also associated with Pittier's crab-eating rat, Ichthyomys pittieri. In 1953 the Rancho Grande National Park was renamed
Science and technology in Venezuela
Science_and_technology_in_Venezuela
Rigid head enclosure for underwater diving
Development Corporation produced the Ratcliffe helmet, commonly known as the "Rat Hat", and was later bought out by Oceaneering International which continued
Diving_helmet
Calendar year
10, 2022. Retrieved April 28, 2010. "Short biography and bibliography". Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science. Archived
1901
and physiological arousal; "People search the immediate environment for emotionally relevant cues to label and interpret unexplained physiological arousal
Timeline_of_psychology
Class of enzymes which transfer functional groups between molecules
(Sep 1972). "Cholinergic mechanisms in the rat somatosensory cerebral cortex". The Journal of Physiology. 225 (2): 485–99. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1972
Transferase
Chinese biochemist (1907–2001)
the Nobel Prize a symbol of Western decadence. Instead, Wang was held a virtual prisoner in a building at his institute and forced to study Mao Zedong
Wang_Yinglai
travel, tourism, insurance
VIRTUAL PHYSIOLOGICAL-RAT
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VIRTUAL PHYSIOLOGICAL-RAT
VIRTUAL PHYSIOLOGICAL-RAT
VIRTUAL PHYSIOLOGICAL-RAT
VIRTUAL PHYSIOLOGICAL-RAT
VIRTUAL PHYSIOLOGICAL-RAT
VIRTUAL PHYSIOLOGICAL-RAT
VIRTUAL PHYSIOLOGICAL-RAT
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