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Decodes a bitstream with the Viterbi algorithm
A Viterbi decoder uses the Viterbi algorithm for decoding a bitstream that has been encoded using a convolutional code or trellis code. There are other
Viterbi_decoder
Finds likely sequence of hidden states
decoder (using Lazy Viterbi algorithm) is much faster than the original Viterbi decoder (using Viterbi algorithm). While the original Viterbi algorithm calculates
Viterbi_algorithm
Algorithms to decode messages
magnetic disk or tape drive into a digital signal. A Viterbi decoder uses the Viterbi algorithm for decoding a bitstream that has been encoded using forward
Decoding_methods
Iterative Viterbi decoding is an algorithm that spots the subsequence S of an observation O = {o1, ..., on} having the highest average probability (i.e
Iterative_Viterbi_decoding
Type of error-correcting code using convolution
maximum-likelihood decoded with reasonable complexity using time invariant trellis-based decoders — the Viterbi algorithm. Other trellis-based decoder algorithms
Convolutional_code
Error-correcting codes
(evaluation points) to be encoded are known to encoder and decoder. The original theoretical decoder generated potential polynomials based on subsets of k
Reed–Solomon_error_correction
Scheme for controlling errors in data over noisy communication channels
The Viterbi decoder implements a soft-decision algorithm to demodulate digital data from an analog signal corrupted by noise. Many FEC decoders can also
Error_correction_code
Italian-American engineer and businessman
Andrew James Viterbi (born Andrea Giacomo Viterbi, March 9, 1935) is an American electrical engineer and businessman who co-founded Qualcomm Inc. and invented
Andrew_Viterbi
Reliable digital data delivery methods on unreliable channels
particularly suitable for implementation in hardware, and the Viterbi decoder allows optimal decoding. Block codes are processed on a block-by-block basis. Early
Error detection and correction
Error_detection_and_correction
Soft-decision decoders are often used in Viterbi decoders and turbo code decoders. Forward error correction Soft-in soft-out decoder Proakis, John (2001). Digital
Soft-decision_decoder
Semiring defined over probabilities
The Viterbi semiring is a commutative semiring defined over the set of probabilities (typically the interval [ 0 , 1 ] {\displaystyle [0,1]} ) with addition
Viterbi_semiring
may not be as accurate as the Viterbi algorithm but can save a substantial amount of computer memory. It was used to decode a convolutional code in 1968
Sequential_decoding
Technique in digital communications
or if other ambiguities are detected by other circuits, such as a Viterbi decoder or a frame synchronizer) and sometimes it isn't. Generally speaking
Differential_coding
High-performance forward error correction codes
use turbo codes as an alternative to Reed–Solomon error correction-Viterbi decoder codes. IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), a wireless metropolitan network standard
Turbo_code
First CDMA-based digital cellular technology
transmitted. Typically, the frame is decoded at each possible rate, and using the quality metrics of the Viterbi decoder, the correct result is chosen. Traffic
CdmaOne
convolutional codes can provide better performance under maximum-likelihood (Viterbi) decoding. In DVB-H, for additional error protection and power efficiency for
Systematic_code
A soft-in soft-out decoder (SISO decoder) is a type of soft-decision decoder used with error correcting codes. "Soft-in" refers to the fact that the incoming
Soft-in_soft-out_decoder
Digital terrestrial television standard
the reliability of the demapped data when they are provided to the Viterbi decoder. Demapping: since there are Gray-encoded QAM constellations, demapping
DVB-T
likelihood decoder (MLD) for the inner code. In detail, let the input to the decoder be the vector y = (y1, ..., yN) ∈ (An)N. Then the decoding algorithm
Concatenated error correction code
Concatenated_error_correction_code
are: Sliding window and garbage model K-best hypothesis Iterative Viterbi decoding Convolutional neural network on Mel-frequency cepstrum coefficients
Keyword_spotting
Overview of and topical guide to machine learning
Island algorithm Isotropic position Item response theory Iterative Viterbi decoding JOONE Jabberwacky Jaccard index Jackknife variance estimates for random
Outline_of_machine_learning
Method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies
correction code is based on the observation that the Viterbi decoder used for inner convolutional decoding produces short error bursts when there is a high
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing
(ISBN 0071382151). Omura and Dave Forney independently realized that the Viterbi decoder was optimal and that it could be applied to intersymbol interference
Jim_K._Omura
also means they are more complex than STBCs to encode and decode; they rely on a Viterbi decoder at the receiver where STBCs need only linear processing
Space–time_trellis_code
Type of computer processor
contains 167 processors with dedicated fast Fourier transform (FFT), Viterbi decoder, and video motion estimation processors; 16 KB shared memories; and
Asynchronous array of simple processors
Asynchronous_array_of_simple_processors
Signal coding technique
DAB, as well as in the DRM Standards. Puncturing is often used with the Viterbi algorithm in coding systems. During Radio Resource Control (RRC) Connection
Punctured_code
Type of polyalphabetic substitution cipher
and 17–26% on 10-character ciphertexts, and running much faster than Viterbi decoding. Short messages remain ambiguous, because several natural-language
Running_key_cipher
Type of modem
less than 10, usually decoded using a Viterbi algorithm (see Viterbi decoder); with constraint length more than 10, usually decoded using a Fano algorithm
Satellite_modem
German telecommunications engineer and university professor
Epple, Wolfgang K.; Meyer, Ernst Harald (1990). Parallelisierung des Viterbi-Decoders: Algorithmus und VLSI-Architektur (in German). ISBN 3-18-144410-3.
Gerhard_Fettweis
Distribution estimation technique
long memory (severe intersymbol interference (ISI)) unknown memory (Viterbi decoders) possibly infinite memory (adaptive equalizers) In principle, the importance
Importance_sampling
Regular graph used in coding theory
encoders and decoders for communication theory and encryption. They are also the central datatype used in Baum–Welch algorithm or the Viterbi Algorithm for
Trellis_(graph)
codes like Reed–Solomon codes under algebraic decoding or for convolutional codes under Viterbi decoding, the BER steadily decreases in the form of a curve
Error_floor
American electrical engineer (born 1961)
Peter J. Black and Teresa H. Meng, "A 1Gb/s, 4-State, Sliding Block Viterbi Decoder," IEEE Journal of Solid-States Circuits, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 797–805
Teresa_Meng
Universal hashing Universal Product Code Verhoeff algorithm Viterbi algorithm Viterbi decoder WHIRLPOOL This list page primarily exists to help readers
List of algebraic coding theory topics
List_of_algebraic_coding_theory_topics
environments (i.e. lower error floor). Convolutional code Viterbi algorithm Soft-decision decoding Interleaver BCJR algorithm Low-density parity-check code
Serial concatenated convolutional codes
Serial_concatenated_convolutional_codes
estimation is the core of many well known applications, such as the Viterbi decoder, convolutional codes, video compression or target tracking. Due to
Sequential_estimation
Finnish chemist – AIV fodder. Andrew Viterbi, Italian-American engineer – Viterbi algorithm, Viterbi decoder. Vitruvius, Roman architect – Vitruvian
List_of_eponyms_(L–Z)
Taiwanese and American businessman (born 1963)
from the original on August 4, 2021. Retrieved May 28, 2023. "Viterbi Awards". USC Viterbi | School of Engineering. Archived from the original on November
Jensen_Huang
Statistical Markov model
is outside for a walk. A similar example is further elaborated in the Viterbi algorithm page. The diagram below shows the general architecture of an
Hidden_Markov_model
Error correction algorithm
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. Viterbi, A.J. (1998). "An intuitive justification and a simplified implementation of the MAP decoder for convolutional codes"
BCJR_algorithm
Method for interpreting data in digital storage systems
decoder) as well as all the disk control and interface functions. There are currently two suppliers: Broadcom and Marvell. Maximum likelihood Viterbi
Partial-response maximum-likelihood
Partial-response_maximum-likelihood
Parallel computing paradigm
Applications, 2006. H. Kim, H. Son. J. Lee, I. Kim and I. Kim, "An Analog Viterbi Decoder for PRML using Analog Parallel Processing Circuits of the CNN", Int’l
Cellular_neural_network
Amateur radio communications software
long constraint length makes undetected decoding errors less probable, at the cost that the highly efficient Viterbi algorithm must be replaced by a simple
WSPR_(amateur_radio_software)
Iranian-American neuroscientist
Professor within the USC Viterbi School of Engineering. While pursuing her graduate degree at MIT, Shanechi became interested in decoding the brain, the idea
Maryam_Shanechi
Family of RISC-based computer processors
fast multiplier–accumulator, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) host, a Viterbi path decoder, or a user's proprietary RTL functions. The processors are synthesizable
ARC_(processor)
Class of digital signal-processing methods
prediction/whitening process into the branch metric computation of the Viterbi algorithm. The latter is a data detection technique for communication channels
Noise-predictive maximum-likelihood detection
Noise-predictive_maximum-likelihood_detection
Wireless sensor network mote
consumption: 2.2 uW, 16 uW, 1 to 30 mW in sleep, freeze, run modes e.g. Viterbi decoder for link layer implemented on the FPGA consumes 5 mW MAC layer: preamble
PowWow
coding (LPC), a form of speech coding 1967 – Andrew Viterbi reveals the Viterbi algorithm, making decoding of convolutional codes practicable 1968 – Elwyn
Timeline of information theory
Timeline_of_information_theory
Algorithm for statistical inference on graphical models
into single nodes. A similar algorithm is commonly referred to as the Viterbi algorithm, but also known as a special case of the max-product or min-sum
Belief_propagation
Sound system
Arts and Engineering). Developed along with Chris Kyriakakis of the USC Viterbi School of Engineering, 10.2 refers to the format's slogan: "Twice as good
10.2_surround_sound
Hidden Markov model algorithm
filtering. The forward algorithm is closely related to, but distinct from, the Viterbi algorithm. The forward and backward algorithms should be placed within
Forward_algorithm
uses its estimate of the symbols to compute e, which is defined above. Viterbi equalizer: Finds the maximum likelihood (ML) optimal solution to the equalization
Equalization_(communications)
Israeli engineer
1985, he joined Qualcomm and took part in developing high-speed Viterbi/Trellis Decoders and conducting R&D on satellite communication systems. In his
Ephraim_Zehavi
American computer scientist (born 1958)
Sampath, H. (May 2002). "Optimal designs for space-time linear precoders and decoders". IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing. 50 (5): 1051–1064. Bibcode:2002ITSP
Georgios_B._Giannakis
Algorithm in mathematics
function in the RHmm package for R. hmmtrain in MATLAB rustbio in Rust Viterbi algorithm Hidden Markov model EM algorithm Maximum likelihood Speech recognition
Baum–Welch_algorithm
Software for simulation of dynamic systems
Costas Loop, BPSK, QPSK, DQPSK, QAM, Bit Error Rate (BER), Eye Diagram, Viterbi algorithm, Reed–Solomon, etc.) C code generation - Generates executable
VisSim
Inference algorithm for hidden Markov models
cannot, however, be used to find the most likely sequence of states (see Viterbi algorithm). The following description will use matrices of probability
Forward–backward_algorithm
Type of radioteletype mode
quaternary set of phases. At the receiver, a decoder for the convolutional code needs to be used, typically the Viterbi Algorithm, which is able to reconstruct
PSK31
Verdu's receiver consisted of a bank of matched filters followed by a Viterbi algorithm. In the context of the capacity of the narrowband Gaussian two-user
Multiuser_detection
Number of incorrect bits transmitted
Burst error Error correction code Errored second Pseudo bit error ratio Viterbi Error Rate Jit Lim (14 December 2010). "Is BER the bit error ratio or the
Bit_error_rate
American civil engineer and code talker
were assigned to be coded into Navajo and decoded into English, by verbally encrypting, transmitting and decoding the messages nearly verbatim from English
Philip_Johnston_(code_talker)
Components licensed as modules in larger integrated circuit designs
functions such as MP3 audio decode, 3D GPU, digital video encode/decode, and other DSP functions such as FFT, DCT, or Viterbi coding. IP core developers
Semiconductor intellectual property core
Semiconductor_intellectual_property_core
Study of the properties of codes and their fitness
normally XOR gates. The decoder can be implemented in software or firmware. The Viterbi algorithm is the optimum algorithm used to decode convolutional codes
Coding_theory
Discourse about the Gaza genocide
that is, kill all its inhabitants?" In July 2025, a poll conducted by the Viterbi Family Center for Public Opinion and Policy Research at the Israel Democracy
Cultural discourse about the Gaza genocide
Cultural_discourse_about_the_Gaza_genocide
System with loudspeakers that surround the listener
Cinema/Television and Engineering). Developed along with Chris Kyriakakis of the USC Viterbi School of Engineering, 10.2 refers to the format's promotional slogan:
Surround_sound
contributions to the theory of statistical pattern classification 1973 Andrew Viterbi For contributions to information and communication theory 1973 Norman Abramson
List of fellows of IEEE Communications Society
List_of_fellows_of_IEEE_Communications_Society
Extraction of named entity mentions in unstructured text into pre-defined categories
simple linear regression model on engineered features, then decoded by a bidirectional Viterbi algorithm. Some commonly used features include: Lexical items:
Named-entity_recognition
Greek electrical engineer
Patras, 9 November 2016 Kavcic, A.; Moura, J.M.F. (January 1, 2000). "The Viterbi Algorithm and Markov Noise Memory". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Evangelos_S._Eleftheriou
Class of statistical modeling methods
algorithms used in these cases are analogous to the forward-backward and Viterbi algorithm for the case of HMMs. If the CRF only contains pair-wise potentials
Conditional_random_field
Golomb; Thomas M. Cover; Robert G. Gallager; James L. Massey; Andrew J. Viterbi (January 2002). "Claude Elwood Shannon (1916–2001)" (PDF). Notices of the
History_of_cryptography
Normalized compression distance, Normalized Google distance Andrew Viterbi – Viterbi algorithm Jeffrey Scott Vitter – external memory algorithms, compressed
List_of_computer_scientists
algorithm for computing the probability of a particular observation sequence Viterbi algorithm: find the most likely sequence of hidden states in a hidden Markov
List_of_algorithms
Technology, IEEE Transactions on, 40(2):303–312, 1991. A. M. Viterbi and A. J. Viterbi. Erlang capacity of a power controlled CDMA system. Selected Areas
Stochastic geometry models of wireless networks
Stochastic_geometry_models_of_wireless_networks
and the system, introduced by C. Rovelli. Viterbi algorithm, developed by the Italian-American Andrea Viterbi, found useful applications in mobile phones
List of Italian inventions and discoveries
List_of_Italian_inventions_and_discoveries
tanners graph also helped explain the Viterbi algorithm. It is observed by Forney that Viterbi's maximum likelihood decoding of convolutional codes also used
Generalized_distributive_law
2021. "What We Know About Water May Have Just Changed Dramatically". USC Viterbi | School of Engineering. Retrieved 15 June 2021. Montenegro, Angelo; Dutta
2021_in_science
Overview of the events of 2021 in science
2021. "What We Know About Water May Have Just Changed Dramatically". USC Viterbi | School of Engineering. Retrieved 15 June 2021. Montenegro, Angelo; Dutta
April–June_2021_in_science
VITERBI DECODER
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VITERBI DECODER
VITERBI DECODER
Boy/Male
Arthurian Legend
Tristan's dog.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Loser; Follower
Male
German
Variant form of Old High German Lewenhart, LEONHARDT means "lion-strong."
Boy/Male
Indian
Purity
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Blessings of Dhruva and Sarwathi Krupa
Boy/Male
Muslim
Mean, Strong
Boy/Male
American, German
Happiness; Joy
Surname or Lastname
English (Cumberland and Durham)
English (Cumberland and Durham) : presumably a habitational name from a lost or unidentified place.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Prophet of Mercy
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Achieved Salvation
VITERBI DECODER
VITERBI DECODER
VITERBI DECODER
VITERBI DECODER
VITERBI DECODER