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In information theory, a soft-decision decoder is a kind of decoding method – a class of algorithm used to decode data that has been encoded with an error
Soft-decision_decoder
Decodes a bitstream with the Viterbi algorithm
the received symbol. There are hard decision and soft decision Viterbi decoders. A hard decision Viterbi decoder receives a simple bitstream on its input
Viterbi_decoder
Error-correcting codes
decoder known as the Berlekamp–Welch algorithm was developed. In 1996, variations of original scheme decoders called list decoders or soft decoders were
Reed–Solomon_error_correction
A soft-in soft-out decoder (SISO decoder) is a type of soft-decision decoder used with error correcting codes. "Soft-in" refers to the fact that the incoming
Soft-in_soft-out_decoder
Type of error-correcting code using convolution
trellis decoding using a time-invariant trellis. Time invariant trellis decoding allows convolutional codes to be maximum-likelihood soft-decision decoded with
Convolutional_code
Algorithms to decode messages
for hard decision Viterbi decoders. The squared Euclidean distance is used as a metric for soft decision decoders. Optimal decision decoding algorithm
Decoding_methods
Scheme for controlling errors in data over noisy communication channels
Viterbi decoder implements a soft-decision algorithm to demodulate digital data from an analog signal corrupted by noise. Many FEC decoders can also
Error_correction_code
Topics referred to by the same term
single-output system, in control engineering Soft-in soft-out decoder, a type of soft-decision decoder Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization
SISO
High-performance forward error correction codes
{n_{1}+n_{2}}{n_{1}+2n_{2}}}\end{aligned}}} The decoder is built in a similar way to the above encoder. Two elementary decoders are interconnected to each other, but
Turbo_code
likelihood decoder (MLD) for the inner code. In detail, let the input to the decoder be the vector y = (y1, ..., yN) ∈ (An)N. Then the decoding algorithm
Concatenated error correction code
Concatenated_error_correction_code
Linear error correcting code
not show the use of soft-decision decoding or soft-decision message passing, which is used in virtually all commercial LDPC decoders. Starting in 2010,
Low-density_parity-check_code
Type of error correcting code
Fundamentals of Soft-Decision Decoding, Polar Codes, Properties of Polar Codes, Construction of Polar Codes, Monomial Codes and Permutations, List Decoding of Polar
Polar_code_(coding_theory)
Machine learning technique
other. For decoder self-attention, all-to-all attention is inappropriate, because during the autoregressive decoding process, the decoder cannot attend
Attention_(machine_learning)
minimum-distance (GMD) decoding provides an efficient algorithm for decoding concatenated codes, which is based on using an errors-and-erasures decoder for the outer
Generalized minimum-distance decoding
Generalized_minimum-distance_decoding
decoder. The SCCC decoder includes two soft-in-soft-out (SISO) decoders and an interleaver. While shown as separate units, the two SISO decoders may share all
Serial concatenated convolutional codes
Serial_concatenated_convolutional_codes
Optical transceiver that uses coherent modulation
standards-based forms. Coherent optical modules sometimes have used soft-decision decoder FEC algorithms The OIF has created interoperability agreements to
Coherent_optical_module
Finds likely sequence of hidden states
reasonable noise conditions, the lazy decoder (using Lazy Viterbi algorithm) is much faster than the original Viterbi decoder (using Viterbi algorithm). While
Viterbi_algorithm
German university teacher
to reliable data transmission including code constructions and soft decision decoding. Bossert received his Dipl.-Ing. degree in Electrical Engineering
Martin_Bossert
Datacasting network
correction was 1/2 rate interleaved trellis with time diversity, soft-decision decode. The DirectBand data rate was in excess of 12 kbit/s after ECC. DirectBand
DirectBand
transformation the interleaver executed. Finally, the bits are decoded by the decoder. The decoder estimates a ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {a}}} from b ^ {\displaystyle
Turbo_equalizer
American mathematician
doi:10.1216/rmj-2017-47-2-403. ISSN 0035-7596. S2CID 119043244. "SoftDecision Decoding of Reed-Solomon Codes", Reed-Solomon Codes and Their Applications
Christina_Eubanks-Turner
Hardware cache of a central processing unit
hierarchy Micro-operation No-write allocation Scratchpad RAM Sum-addressed decoder Write buffer The very first paging machine, the Ferranti Atlas had no page
CPU_cache
Cola soft drink
Coca-Cola, or Coke, is a cola soft drink manufactured by the Coca-Cola Company. In 2013, Coke products were sold in over 200 countries and territories
Coca-Cola
Type of computer applications
mathematics for the new kind of decoder. To-date a Per-C has been implemented for the following four applications: (1) investment decision-making, (2) social judgment
Perceptual_computing
Type of machine learning model
rapid improvements in the abilities of decoder-only models (such as GPT) to solve tasks via prompting. Although decoder-only GPT-1 was introduced in 2018,
Large_language_model
Computer hardware technology
remote management applications may use those measurements to make trust decisions. It complements Intel Management Engine. This technology is based on an
Trusted_Execution_Technology
Hybrid error-detection and correction code in communications
received transmissions gives us enough information to correctly decode. There are two main soft combining methods in HARQ: Chase combining: every re-transmission
Hybrid automatic repeat request
Hybrid_automatic_repeat_request
Concept in coding theory
soft-decision model of decoding: its regular structure allows the task of finding a maximum-likelihood decoding or a posteriori probability decoding to
Zigzag_code
Class of digital signal-processing methods
iteratively improve the error-rate performance at the decoder output in successive soft detection/decoding rounds. Beginning in the 1980s several digital signal-processing
Noise-predictive maximum-likelihood detection
Noise-predictive_maximum-likelihood_detection
2025 studio album by Taylor Swift
triumphant state of mind. Musically, The Life of a Showgirl is a soft pop and soft rock record about Swift's fame and contentment in love. Its songs
The_Life_of_a_Showgirl
Integrated circuit customized for a specific task
provided in the form of a hardware description language (often termed a "soft macro"), or as a fully routed design that could be printed directly onto
Application-specific integrated circuit
Application-specific_integrated_circuit
Technique altering AI content for easier detection
al., ICCV 2023) fine-tunes the VAE decoder of a latent diffusion model such as Stable Diffusion so that every decoded image hides a fixed binary signature
AI_content_watermarking
Canadian-American animated series
December 10, 2001. The series was produced by Canadian production company Decode Entertainment with animation production by C.O.R.E. Toons. 65 episodes were
Angela_Anaconda
American subscription television service
plug on decoder imports". Windsor Star. August 6, 1981. p. 5. Retrieved October 26, 2020 – via Newspapers.com. "The plug is pulled on pay-TV decoder business"
ON_TV_(TV_network)
Reluctant Partners". Marketing Intelligent Systems Using Soft Computing. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing. Vol. 258. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-15606-9_1
Artificial intelligence in marketing
Artificial_intelligence_in_marketing
British barrister and life peer (born 1968)
describing it as "outrageous" while Tice said that Hermer appeared to be "soft on child sex offenders". Following Hermer's advice over the involvement of
Richard_Hermer,_Baron_Hermer
blind again. Kyra visible only to the episode's viewers, touches his cheek softly. 116 7 "Seeds of Destruction" Steve Anker Chris Ruppenthal March 3, 2000 (2000-03-03)
List of The Outer Limits (1995 TV series) episodes
List_of_The_Outer_Limits_(1995_TV_series)_episodes
Amateur telecommunications protocol
optimal performance the actual demodulators work with soft decisions and the final (hard) decision to decode a character is taken only at the second layer. Thus
Olivia_MFSK
2022 studio album by Sabrina Carpenter
that attest to the [Carpenter's] extreme versatility". "Fast Times" is a soft rock and "slinky bossa nova track" about being "impulsive and embracing the
Emails_I_Can't_Send
Overview of and topical guide to machine learning
Probabilistic soft logic Probability matching Probit model Product of experts Programming with Big Data in R Proper generalized decomposition Pruning (decision trees)
Outline_of_machine_learning
2026 single by Taylor Swift
change in the bridge. Swift's vocal delivery features a slight twang, a "soft, staccato insistence", and a tentative whisper in the lyric "all you said
I_Knew_It,_I_Knew_You
Release For James Cameron's Billie Eilish 3D Concert Film 'Hit Me Hard And Soft'". Deadline. Retrieved November 29, 2025. "James Cameron reveals close bond
James_Cameron_filmography
handle imprecise information, and are classified as "soft". In the 90s and early 2000s many other soft computing tools were developed and put into use, including
History of artificial intelligence
History_of_artificial_intelligence
American singer-songwriter (born 1989)
synth-pop on Midnights (2022) and The Tortured Poets Department (2024), and soft rock on The Life of a Showgirl (2025). The singles "Cardigan", "Willow",
Taylor_Swift
performed soft-tissue surgery, stitching together a pig's bowel judged better than a surgeon. Artificial neural networks are used as clinical decision support
Applications of artificial intelligence
Applications_of_artificial_intelligence
Retrieved April 25, 2024. Berman, Marc (February 1, 2023). "Tuesday Ratings: Soft Return for NBC's 'La Brea'; Another Solid Showing for the Peacock Net's 'Night
List_of_The_Rookie_episodes
down and they make out. Tracy reminds him she can't take his pain. Theo softly reassures her there's something else she can do, give him her power. He
List of Teen Wolf (2011 TV series) secondary characters
List_of_Teen_Wolf_(2011_TV_series)_secondary_characters
Family of lossless-compression image file formats
of the numeric value of the character) is a bit field that provides the decoder with some information on the nature of chunks it does not recognize. The
PNG
Machine learning model for vision processing
fed into the decoder. A reconstruction loss is computed for the masked patches to assess network performance. In prediction, the decoder architecture
Vision_transformer
Guidelines and laws to regulate AI
between open source AI and unchecked AI use. There have been both hard law and soft law proposals to regulate AI. Some legal scholars have noted that hard law
Regulation of artificial intelligence
Regulation_of_artificial_intelligence
Indian yoga teacher and businessman
April 2022. "Patanjali Yogpeeth-I & Patanjali Yogpeeth-II". wikimapia.org. "Soft drinks taking last breath: Ramdev". The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Delhi
Ramdev
developed to address problems in sequence encoding and decoding.[incomprehensible] The idea of encoder-decoder sequence transduction had been developed in the
History of artificial neural networks
History_of_artificial_neural_networks
1982 studio album by Whitesnake
February 2013). "Warner Music Group Buys EMI Assets for $765 Million". Media Decoder Blog. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2018
Saints & Sinners (Whitesnake album)
Saints_&_Sinners_(Whitesnake_album)
Method for interpreting data in digital storage systems
uses the PDNP/NPML approach but the hard-decision Viterbi algorithm is replaced with a detector providing soft-outputs (additional information about the
Partial-response maximum-likelihood
Partial-response_maximum-likelihood
Norwegian singer-songwriter (born 1996)
March 2017 – via YouTube. I love my language, but there is something very soft about English [...] I was very fascinated with the language, and I think
Aurora_(singer)
2021 film by M. Night Shyamalan
June 22, 2022. Novec, Jocelyn (July 22, 2021). "Review: Crystal waters, soft sands, clunky dialogue in Old". Associated Press. Archived from the original
Old_(film)
Language models designed for reasoning tasks
{\#{\text{(correct answers)}}}{\#{\text{(total answers)}}}}} in the case of "soft estimation", or { 1 if one of the answers is correct 0 else {\displaystyle
Reasoning_model
Fictional character in Dune
Frank Herbert's warning about society's tendencies to "give over every decision-making capacity" to a charismatic leader. He said in 1979, "The bottom
Paul_Atreides
Wireless broadband standard
16e-2005 improves upon IEEE 802.16-2004 by: Adding support for mobility (soft and hard handover between base stations). This is seen as one of the most
WiMAX
Web browser by Microsoft
Accessing files marked as such will prompt the user to make an explicit trust decision to execute the file, as executables originating from the Internet can be
Internet_Explorer
Physical components of a computer
fact that it is hard or rigid with respect to changes, whereas software is soft because it is easy to change. Hardware is typically directed by the software
Computer_hardware
Painting attributed to Leonardo da Vinci
sharp focus, whereas his face—though altered or damaged to some extent—is in soft focus. In his manuscript of 1508–1509 known as Paris Manuscript D, Leonardo
Salvator_Mundi_(painting)
Timing, rhythm, and intonation of speech
utterance is used by listeners to guide decisions about the emotional affect of the situation. Whether a person decodes the prosody as positive, negative,
Prosody_(linguistics)
Canadian politician (born 1979)
decried "woke culture". Poilievre supports maintaining the legalization of soft drugs such as marijuana, while he opposes the decriminalization of "hard
Pierre_Poilievre
Third and last period of the Neoproterozoic Era
as the Avalon Explosion, is represented by now-extinct, relatively simple soft-bodied animal phyla such as Proarticulata (bilaterians with simple articulation
Ediacaran
New Zealand internet radio station
confirm a launch date for the media outlet, he stated that he would be "soft launching" the website and app between March and April 2022. Plunket and
The_Platform_(radio_station)
Fictional character by Lewis Carroll
responsible for Alice's return to Wonderland. He is first seen as Alice's soft toy, then becomes something that resembles a shrivelled version of the John
White_Rabbit
Aircraft surveillance technology
2010. "Further ADS-B Installations in Abu Dhabi through ComSoft" (Press release). ComSoft. March 2009. Archived from the original on 29 April 2009. Retrieved
Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast
Automatic_Dependent_Surveillance–Broadcast
Series of American full-size automobiles by General Motors
services as the eleventh generation in 4WD and with LS and LT trim options, but soft sales would result in Chevrolet discontinuing production on this model after
Chevrolet_Suburban
Comic character and Internet meme
November 2018. "Pepe The Frog-Ugly Cute Memes Online High Quality Custom Soft Stuff Toys Supplier". 2022-06-06. Retrieved 2023-10-09. "As It Happens: Pepe
Pepe_the_Frog
American truck series
wide, which all future dual-rear-wheel pickup trucks would also include. Soft-touch materials were used throughout the passenger cabin, such as the dashboard
Chevrolet C/K (third generation)
Chevrolet_C/K_(third_generation)
Multinational online clothing retailer
August 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023. "Shein confirms appointment of ex-SoftBank exec for LatAm push (Updated)". TechInAsia. 2023. Archived from the original
Shein
American journalist (born 1967)
2012). "Revelation Signals a Shift in Views of Homosexuality". Media Decoder Blog. Retrieved March 12, 2023. Whitaker, Barbara (July 27, 1988). "Simple
Anderson_Cooper
2019 science fiction drama television series
tries to heal him. At the same moment, Liz collapses. 31 5 "Killing Me Softly with His Song" Rachel Raimist Alanna Bennett & Danny Tolli August 23, 2021 (2021-08-23)
Roswell, New Mexico (TV series)
Roswell,_New_Mexico_(TV_series)
warning messages George, Rosemary, The Simon & Schuster Pocket Wine Label Decoder, 1989. Franson, Paul. Labels gone wild. Wine Enthusiast, 2006 (March),
Wine_label
Israel has to "finish the problem", and that the Biden administration "got soft". Trump's campaign also said that, if elected again, he would bar Gaza residents
United States support for Israel in the Gaza war
United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Gaza_war
2018 Indian film by Rajkumar Hirani
"the girl next door, pretty, giving out very delicate vibes [with] really soft fabrics, pastel hues, delicate embroidery. Kapoor's costume was given "peter
Sanju
American artificial intelligence company
2025. "OpenAI has reportedly misjudged its cash burn by $80 billion". The Decoder. September 5, 2025. Archived from the original on September 6, 2025. Retrieved
OpenAI
11th Deputy Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh since 2024
as its brand ambassador, making him the first South Indian to endorse the soft-drink., In January 2017, Kalyan agreed to take up the role of brand ambassador
Pawan_Kalyan
Indian director and screenwriter (born 1973)
but not in a negative way. Each and everything, whether it is violence, softness, or any kind of emotion, I like to call myself a magnifying glass. I like
S._S._Rajamouli
American science fiction media franchise
Herbert's concepts and fictional inventions. The Dune series is a landmark of soft science fiction. Herbert deliberately suppressed technology in his Dune universe
Dune_(franchise)
Animated children's television series
Canada. The show was co-produced by Mememe Productions (Australia) and Decode Entertainment (Canada). The show has 52 eleven-minute episodes commissioned
Dirtgirlworld
developed towards the end of this period, and of course the use of many softer materials such as wood, bone, and fibers continued. Domestication spread
Timeline of historic inventions
Timeline_of_historic_inventions
Radio standard by ETSI
correction and HARQ with soft combining. Received messages with errors are combined with re-transmissions, making it possible to decode correct message even
DECT-2020
2019 film by Madhu C. Narayanan
for the movie. She played Simmy, Baby's older sister and Shammi's wife. A soft-spoken, traditional woman, Simmy is intimidated by her husband and speaks
Kumbalangi_Nights
American multinational telecommunications and media conglomerate
Tim (January 18, 2011). "Comcast-NBC Deal Wins Federal Approval". Media Decoder Blog. Archived from the original on September 19, 2025. Retrieved January
Comcast
1983 single by Spandau Ballet
using a Dolby noise-reduction system, but the band decided not to use the decoder that would remove the hissing from the recording because they liked the
True_(Spandau_Ballet_song)
Iranian capture of a U.S. surveillance drone
admitted that Iran could have interrupted the data link and brought it to a soft landing. Some US officials stated the drone broke into three pieces during
Iran–U.S._RQ-170_incident
2002 bullet hell video game
the series and its developer, and Embodiment of Scarlet Devil served as a soft reboot of the series. Embodiment of Scarlet Devil was released on 11 August
Embodiment_of_Scarlet_Devil
British rock musician (born 1986)
song "Hello You", there are references to post-war British movie Tread Softly Stranger (1958) and Stanley Kubrick's unmade script for Napoleon. He has
Alex_Turner
American computer hardware company
Rampage, but then worked on transform and lighting (T&L) engines and on MPEG decoder technology. 3dfx announced in January 1999 that its Banshee cards had sold
3dfx
Free and open-source object relational database management system
PostgreSQL's ability to load and index data at high rates was a key to its decision to use PostgreSQL. FlightAware, a flight tracking website. Grofers, an
PostgreSQL
saprophytes, that derive nutrients from it. sarcology The study of the soft parts of the body which include the studies: myology, angiology, neurology
List of words with the suffix -ology
List_of_words_with_the_suffix_-ology
American communications theorist
variables in communication which includes the transmitter, encoding, media, decoding, and receiver. In Berlo's SMCR model, the sender is one who sends the message
David_Berlo
8-bit microprocessor from 1975
NMOS 6502 chip is not sequenced by microcode but decoded directly using a dedicated PLA. The decoder occupied about 15% of the chip area. This compares
MOS_Technology_6502
hesitation if there is any obstacle to her plan, but is known to have a soft side for the few individuals that she cares about, for example her daughter
List of Prison Break characters
List_of_Prison_Break_characters
Device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information
information. The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted easily and decoded reliably. Modems can be used with almost any means of transmitting analog
Modem
Pay television company in New Zealand
started replacing the legacy standard digital decoders and original 2005 My Sky decoders with a new digital decoder, manufactured by Kaon. The Kaon Sky box
Sky_(New_Zealand)
Indian instant payment system
execution of an instant payment system at such an enormous scale has made it a soft power tool for India and is often cited as the most transformative and successful
Unified_Payments_Interface
Recurrent neural network architecture
Bengio, Yoshua (2014). "Learning Phrase Representations using RNN Encoder-Decoder for Statistical Machine Translation". arXiv:1406.1078 [cs.CL]. Srivastava
Long_short-term_memory
SOFT DECISION-DECODER
SOFT DECISION-DECODER
Boy/Male
Muslim
Good habit, Plus point
Boy/Male
Indian
Decision
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English lofte ‘upper chamber’, ‘attic’, possibly bestowed on a household servant who worked in an upper chamber, or used in the same sense as Loftus.Danish : habitational name from a place called Loft.
Boy/Male
Indian
Good habit, Plus point
Boy/Male
Muslim
Decision
Girl/Female
Indian
Soft
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Decision of God
Girl/Female
Greek
Wise.
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Decision
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps a respelling of Salt.
Boy/Male
British, Danish, English, German
Wolf; Advice; Decision
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Decision Maker
Boy/Male
Hindu
Decision, Confirmed
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of the various places, for example in Cambridgeshire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, and Warwickshire, named in Old Norse with topt, Old Danish toft ‘curtilage’, ‘site’, ‘homestead’.Scandinavian : habitational name from any of several farmsteads or place names derived from Old Norse topt ‘curtilage’, ‘site’, ‘homestead’.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Decision, Confirmed
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, Dutch, French, Swedish
Fox; Advice; Decision
Boy/Male
Finnish, German
Advice; Decision Protection
Boy/Male
Hindu
Decision, Confirmed
Boy/Male
Tamil
Nishchay | நிஷà¯à®šà®¯Â
Decision, Confirmed
Nishchay | நிஷà¯à®šà®¯Â
Female
Spanish
Spanish form of Greek Sophia, SOFÃA means "wisdom."
SOFT DECISION-DECODER
SOFT DECISION-DECODER
Boy/Male
Indian
Kind friend, Noble, Eminent
Girl/Female
American, Indian, Telugu
Dispenser of Provisions
Boy/Male
German
War Ruler
Surname or Lastname
English, Scottish, and Irish
English, Scottish, and Irish : variant spelling of Loan.
Girl/Female
Biblical American Hebrew Latin
Living, enlivening.
Boy/Male
African, Arabic, Bengali, Egyptian, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi, Swahili
Fortunate; Lucky; Happy; Blessed
Girl/Female
Indian
Cloud, Joyful
Female
German
Pet form of German Elisabeth, ELISE means "God is my oath."Â
Boy/Male
Tamil
Air screw, Stimulator
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Lord Shiva
SOFT DECISION-DECODER
SOFT DECISION-DECODER
SOFT DECISION-DECODER
SOFT DECISION-DECODER
SOFT DECISION-DECODER
superl.
Not rough, rugged, or harsh to the touch; smooth; delicate; fine; as, soft silk; a soft skin.
superl.
Hence, agreeable to feel, taste, or inhale; not irritating to the tissues; as, a soft liniment; soft wines.
v. t.
To cover or dress with soot; to smut with, or as with, soot; as, to soot land.
n.
Soot.
n.
An account or report of a conclusion, especially of a legal adjudication or judicial determination of a question or cause; as, a decision of arbitrators; a decision of the Supreme Court.
superl.
Easily yielding to pressure; easily impressed, molded, or cut; not firm in resisting; impressible; yielding; also, malleable; -- opposed to hard; as, a soft bed; a soft peach; soft earth; soft wood or metal.
v. t.
To separate with a sieve, as the fine part of a substance from the coarse; as, to sift meal or flour; to sift powder; to sift sand or lime.
a.
Having a soft or fragile shell.
superl.
Not harsh or rough in sound; gentle and pleasing to the ear; flowing; as, soft whispers of music.
superl.
Quiet; undisturbed; paceful; as, soft slumbers.
superl.
Not tinged with mineral salts; adapted to decompose soap; as, soft water is the best for washing.
a.
Marked by promptness and decision.
n.
A soft or foolish person; an idiot.
n.
The quality of being decided; prompt and fixed determination; unwavering firmness; as, to manifest great decision.
superl.
Not harsh or offensive to the sight; not glaring; pleasing to the eye; not exciting by intensity of color or violent contrast; as, soft hues or tints.
n.
Cutting off; division; detachment of a part.
n.
An object of derision or scorn; a laughing-stock.
a.
Alt. of Soft-shelled
superl.
Expressing gentleness, tenderness, or the like; mild; conciliatory; courteous; kind; as, soft eyes.
superl.
Having, or consisting of, a gentle curve or curves; not angular or abrupt; as, soft outlines.