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In information theory, a soft-decision decoder is a kind of decoding method – a class of algorithm used to decode data that has been encoded with an error
Soft-decision_decoder
Type of soft-decision decoder
A soft-in soft-out decoder (SISO decoder) is a type of soft-decision decoder used with error correcting codes. "Soft-in" refers to the fact that the incoming
Soft-in_soft-out_decoder
Error-correcting codes
decoder known as the Berlekamp–Welch algorithm was developed. In 1996, variations of original scheme decoders called list decoders or soft decoders were
Reed–Solomon_error_correction
Decodes a bitstream with the Viterbi algorithm
the received symbol. There are hard decision and soft decision Viterbi decoders. A hard decision Viterbi decoder receives a simple bitstream on its input
Viterbi_decoder
Type of error-correcting code using convolution
trellis decoding using a time-invariant trellis. Time invariant trellis decoding allows convolutional codes to be maximum-likelihood soft-decision decoded with
Convolutional_code
Scheme for controlling errors in data over noisy communication channels
Viterbi decoder implements a soft-decision algorithm to demodulate digital data from an analog signal corrupted by noise. Many FEC decoders can also
Error_correction_code
Algorithms to decode messages
for hard decision Viterbi decoders. The squared Euclidean distance is used as a metric for soft decision decoders. Optimal decision decoding algorithm
Decoding_methods
Coding theory algorithm
minimum-distance (GMD) decoding provides an efficient algorithm for decoding concatenated codes, which is based on using an errors-and-erasures decoder for the outer
Generalized minimum-distance decoding
Generalized_minimum-distance_decoding
High-performance forward error correction codes
{n_{1}+n_{2}}{n_{1}+2n_{2}}}\end{aligned}}} The decoder is built in a similar way to the above encoder. Two elementary decoders are interconnected to each other, but
Turbo_code
Topics referred to by the same term
single-output system, in control engineering Soft-in soft-out decoder, a type of soft-decision decoder Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization
SISO
likelihood decoder (MLD) for the inner code. In detail, let the input to the decoder be the vector y = (y1, ..., yN) ∈ (An)N. Then the decoding algorithm
Concatenated error correction code
Concatenated_error_correction_code
Machine learning technique
other. For decoder self-attention, all-to-all attention is inappropriate, because during the autoregressive decoding process, the decoder cannot attend
Attention_(machine_learning)
German university teacher
to reliable data transmission including code constructions and soft decision decoding. Bossert received his Dipl.-Ing. degree in Electrical Engineering
Martin_Bossert
Type of error correcting code
Fundamentals of Soft-Decision Decoding, Polar Codes, Properties of Polar Codes, Construction of Polar Codes, Monomial Codes and Permutations, List Decoding of Polar
Polar_code_(coding_theory)
Linear error correcting code
not show the use of soft-decision decoding or soft-decision message passing, which is used in virtually all commercial LDPC decoders. Starting in 2010,
Low-density_parity-check_code
Finds likely sequence of hidden states
reasonable noise conditions, the lazy decoder (using Lazy Viterbi algorithm) is much faster than the original Viterbi decoder (using Viterbi algorithm). While
Viterbi_algorithm
Optical transceiver that uses coherent modulation
standards-based forms. Coherent optical modules sometimes have used soft-decision decoder FEC algorithms The OIF has created interoperability agreements to
Coherent_optical_module
Class of forward error correction codes
decoder. The SCCC decoder includes two soft-in-soft-out (SISO) decoders and an interleaver. While shown as separate units, the two SISO decoders may share all
Serial concatenated convolutional codes
Serial_concatenated_convolutional_codes
transformation the interleaver executed. Finally, the bits are decoded by the decoder. The decoder estimates a ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {a}}} from b ^ {\displaystyle
Turbo_equalizer
Type of computer applications
mathematics for the new kind of decoder. To-date a Per-C has been implemented for the following four applications: (1) investment decision-making, (2) social judgment
Perceptual_computing
Datacasting network
correction was 1/2 rate interleaved trellis with time diversity, soft-decision decode. The DirectBand data rate was in excess of 12 kbit/s after ECC. DirectBand
DirectBand
Concept in coding theory
soft-decision model of decoding: its regular structure allows the task of finding a maximum-likelihood decoding or a posteriori probability decoding to
Zigzag_code
American mathematician
doi:10.1216/rmj-2017-47-2-403. ISSN 0035-7596. S2CID 119043244. "SoftDecision Decoding of Reed-Solomon Codes", Reed-Solomon Codes and Their Applications
Christina_Eubanks-Turner
Hardware cache of a central processing unit
hierarchy Micro-operation No-write allocation Scratchpad RAM Sum-addressed decoder Write buffer The very first paging machine, the Ferranti Atlas had no page
CPU_cache
Cola soft drink
Coca-Cola, or Coke, is a cola soft drink manufactured by the Coca-Cola Company. In 2013, Coke products were sold in over 200 countries and territories
Coca-Cola
Hybrid error-detection and correction code in communications
received transmissions gives us enough information to correctly decode. There are two main soft combining methods in HARQ: Chase combining: every re-transmission
Hybrid automatic repeat request
Hybrid_automatic_repeat_request
Computer hardware technology
remote management applications may use those measurements to make trust decisions. It complements Intel Management Engine. This technology is based on an
Trusted_Execution_Technology
2025 studio album by Taylor Swift
vibrant and lively album reflecting her state of mind at the time. A soft pop and soft rock album, The Life of a Showgirl features new wave-leaning compositions
The_Life_of_a_Showgirl
Type of machine learning model
rapid improvements in the abilities of decoder-only models (such as GPT) to solve tasks via prompting. Although decoder-only GPT-1 was introduced in 2018,
Large_language_model
Vigil's main character (a dying tycoon forced to rationalize his brutal decisions) and finding light in a world of cruelty & chaos; "Your Moment of Zen"
List of The Daily Show episodes (2026)
List_of_The_Daily_Show_episodes_(2026)
Integrated circuit customized for a specific task
provided in the form of a hardware description language (often termed a "soft macro"), or as a fully routed design that could be printed directly onto
Application-specific integrated circuit
Application-specific_integrated_circuit
Machine learning model for vision processing
fed into the decoder. A reconstruction loss is computed for the masked patches to assess network performance. In prediction, the decoder architecture
Vision_transformer
2022 studio album by Sabrina Carpenter
that attest to the [Carpenter's] extreme versatility". "Fast Times" is a soft rock and "slinky bossa nova track" about being "impulsive and embracing the
Emails_I_Can't_Send
Class of digital signal-processing methods
iteratively improve the error-rate performance at the decoder output in successive soft detection/decoding rounds. Beginning in the 1980s several digital signal-processing
Noise-predictive maximum-likelihood detection
Noise-predictive_maximum-likelihood_detection
Release For James Cameron's Billie Eilish 3D Concert Film 'Hit Me Hard And Soft'". Deadline. Retrieved November 29, 2025. "James Cameron reveals close bond
James_Cameron_filmography
Reluctant Partners". Marketing Intelligent Systems Using Soft Computing. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing. Vol. 258. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-15606-9_1
Artificial intelligence in marketing
Artificial_intelligence_in_marketing
Overview of and topical guide to machine learning
Probabilistic soft logic Probability matching Probit model Product of experts Programming with Big Data in R Proper generalized decomposition Pruning (decision trees)
Outline_of_machine_learning
Fictional character in Dune
Frank Herbert's warning about society's tendencies to "give over every decision-making capacity" to a charismatic leader. He said in 1979, "The bottom
Paul_Atreides
2026 single by Taylor Swift
progressions and musical sensibilities. Her vocals feature a slight twang, a "soft, staccato insistence", and a tentative whisper in the lyric "all you said
I_Knew_It,_I_Knew_You
Amateur telecommunications protocol
optimal performance the actual demodulators work with soft decisions and the final (hard) decision to decode a character is taken only at the second layer. Thus
Olivia_MFSK
Leader of China since 2012
November 2018. Retrieved 7 September 2019. Fang & Li 2024, p. 95. "China's Soft-Power Deficit Widens as Xi Tightens Screws Over Ideology". Brookings Institution
Xi_Jinping
Canadian-American animated series
December 10, 2001. The series was produced by Canadian production company Decode Entertainment with animation production by C.O.R.E. Toons. 65 episodes were
Angela_Anaconda
American truck series
wide, which all future dual-rear-wheel pickup trucks would also include. Soft-touch materials were used throughout the passenger cabin, such as the dashboard
Chevrolet C/K (third generation)
Chevrolet_C/K_(third_generation)
between open source AI and unchecked AI use. There have been both hard law and soft law proposals to regulate AI. Some legal scholars have noted that hard law
Regulation of artificial intelligence
Regulation_of_artificial_intelligence
Iranian capture of a US. surveillance drone
admitted that Iran could have interrupted the data link and brought it to a soft landing. Some US officials stated the drone broke into three pieces during
2011_Iran_RQ-170_capture
2024 film by Denis Villeneuve
lenses for Paul-centric and landscape scenes as the imaging produced was soft. Production filmed Dune: Part Two in 1.43:1 aspect ratio with an Arri Alexa
Dune:_Part_Two
handle imprecise information, and are classified as "soft". In the 90s and early 2000s many other soft computing tools were developed and put into use, including
History of artificial intelligence
History_of_artificial_intelligence
American subscription television service
plug on decoder imports". Windsor Star. August 6, 1981. p. 5. Retrieved October 26, 2020 – via Newspapers.com. "The plug is pulled on pay-TV decoder business"
ON_TV_(TV_network)
Method for interpreting data in digital storage systems
uses the PDNP/NPML approach but the hard-decision Viterbi algorithm is replaced with a detector providing soft-outputs (additional information about the
Partial-response maximum-likelihood
Partial-response_maximum-likelihood
American singer-songwriter (born 1989)
on Midnights (2022) and The Tortured Poets Department (2024), as well as soft rock on The Life of a Showgirl (2025). The singles "Cardigan", "Willow",
Taylor_Swift
2017 video game
the game. According to voice actor Brian Bloom, these inner voices are softer, more contemplative, and less secure when compared with his spoken dialogue
Wolfenstein II: The New Colossus
Wolfenstein_II:_The_New_Colossus
2002 bullet hell video game
the series and its developer, and Embodiment of Scarlet Devil served as a soft reboot of the series. Embodiment of Scarlet Devil was released on 11 August
Embodiment_of_Scarlet_Devil
Wireless broadband standard
16e-2005 improves upon IEEE 802.16-2004 by: Adding support for mobility (soft and hard handover between base stations). This is seen as one of the most
WiMAX
American science fiction media franchise
Herbert's concepts and fictional inventions. The Dune series is a landmark of soft science fiction. Herbert deliberately suppressed technology in his Dune universe
Dune_(franchise)
Retrieved April 25, 2024. Berman, Marc (February 1, 2023). "Tuesday Ratings: Soft Return for NBC's 'La Brea'; Another Solid Showing for the Peacock Net's 'Night
List_of_The_Rookie_episodes
Israel has to "finish the problem", and that the Biden administration "got soft". Trump's campaign also said that, if elected again, he would bar Gaza residents
United States support for Israel in the Gaza war
United_States_support_for_Israel_in_the_Gaza_war
2019 science fiction drama television series
Anderson Thompson July 25, 2022 (2022-07-25) 0.50 Liz is angry with Max's decision and heads to New York to see Rosa. Michael and Bonnie try to convince Clyde
Roswell, New Mexico (TV series)
Roswell,_New_Mexico_(TV_series)
Fictional character by Lewis Carroll
responsible for Alice's return to Wonderland. He is first seen as Alice's soft toy, then becomes something that resembles a shrivelled version of the John
White_Rabbit
claims. The committee adjourns for a private conference to discuss their decision, and, upon returning, they announce that Strong's claims have been rejected
List of The Outer Limits (1995 TV series) episodes
List_of_The_Outer_Limits_(1995_TV_series)_episodes
Norwegian singer-songwriter (born 1996)
March 2017 – via YouTube. I love my language, but there is something very soft about English [...] I was very fascinated with the language, and I think
Aurora_(singer)
Qatari news media organization
"Al Jazeera English Among Winners of DuPont Broadcast Awards". Media Decoder Blog. Retrieved 25 July 2026. "Arab Spring coverage earns Al Jazeera English
Al_Jazeera_Media_Network
Painting attributed to Leonardo da Vinci
sharp focus, whereas his face—though altered or damaged to some extent—is in soft focus. In his manuscript of 1508–1509 known as Paris Manuscript D, Leonardo
Salvator_Mundi_(painting)
by biological evolution, and the subfield of artificial intelligence and soft computing studying these algorithms. In technical terms, they are a family
Glossary_of_computer_science
commercial purposes, including language translation, image recognition, decision-making, credit scoring, and e-commerce. Since the 2020s, massive advancements
Applications of artificial intelligence
Applications_of_artificial_intelligence
Canadian politician (born 1979)
decried "woke culture". Poilievre supports maintaining the legalization of soft drugs such as marijuana, while he opposes the decriminalization of "hard
Pierre_Poilievre
British indie rock musician (born 1986)
song "Hello You", there are references to post-war British movie Tread Softly Stranger (1958) and Stanley Kubrick's unmade script for Napoleon. He has
Alex_Turner
2015 Indian film by Sanjay Leela Bhansali
veils, floor-skimming anarkalis and angrakhas paired with Farshi Pajamas. Softer colours with Persian influences such as shades of powder blue, mint green
Bajirao_Mastani
South Korean girl group
Pearce and Joshua Minsoo Kim writing for NPR, described NewJeans' music as soft, contained, and delicate, which is a stark contrast to their contemporaries'
NewJeans
hesitation if there is any obstacle to her plan, but is known to have a soft side for the few individuals that she cares about, for example her daughter
List of Prison Break characters
List_of_Prison_Break_characters
2023 single by Taylor Swift
album. "'Slut!'" is a 1980s-inspired mid-tempo synth-pop song incorporating soft synthesizers, electronic elements, and gentle vocals. The lyrics are about
"Slut!"
New Zealand internet radio station
confirm a launch date for the media outlet, he stated that he would be "soft launching" the website and app between March and April 2022. Plunket and
The_Platform_(radio_station)
2019 film by Madhu C. Narayanan
for the movie. She played Simmy, Baby's older sister and Shammi's wife. A soft-spoken, traditional woman, Simmy is intimidated by her husband and speaks
Kumbalangi_Nights
Season of television series
ill-received New Coke soft drink for a limited time production run in the month leading up to the season's release. The unpopular soft drink was released
Stranger_Things_season_3
Third and last period of the Neoproterozoic Era
as the Avalon Explosion, is represented by now-extinct, relatively simple soft-bodied animal phyla such as Proarticulata (bilaterians with simple articulation
Ediacaran
2021 film by M. Night Shyamalan
June 22, 2022. Novec, Jocelyn (July 22, 2021). "Review: Crystal waters, soft sands, clunky dialogue in Old". Associated Press. Archived from the original
Old_(film)
Timing, rhythm, and intonation of speech
utterance is used by listeners to guide decisions about the emotional affect of the situation. Whether a person decodes the prosody as positive, negative,
Prosody_(linguistics)
Indian instant payment system
execution of an instant payment system at such an enormous scale has made it a soft power tool for India and is often cited as the most transformative and successful
Unified_Payments_Interface
Technology made by American organization
combines LaTeX editor, reference manager, and GPT-5.2 in one tool". The Decoder. Retrieved 2026-04-27. Dellinger, A. J. (2026-01-27). "OpenAI's New Product
Products and applications of OpenAI
Products_and_applications_of_OpenAI
Image luminance mapping function
Gamma correction or gamma is a nonlinear operation used to encode and decode luminance in video or images. Gamma correction is, in the simplest cases,
Gamma_correction
1953 perfume by Estée Lauder Companies
was sold in bottles with Soft Youth-Dew printed on them. By October 1978, they advertised Cinnabar as 'The 1980s version of Soft Youth Dew'. When asked
Youth-Dew
Indian politician and actor (born 1971)
as its brand ambassador, making him the first South Indian to endorse the soft-drink., In January 2017, Kalyan agreed to take up the role of brand ambassador
Pawan_Kalyan
Long, Soft Spring of '75". Fashion International. Vol. III, no. 3. New York, NY, USA. p. 1. 'Soft' best describes the look, soft fabrics, soft silhouettes
1970s_in_fashion
Indian filmmaker (born 1973)
but not in a negative way. Each and everything, whether it is violence, softness, or any kind of emotion, I like to call myself a magnifying glass. I like
S._S._Rajamouli
US artificial intelligence company
2025. "OpenAI has reportedly misjudged its cash burn by $80 billion". The Decoder. September 5, 2025. Archived from the original on September 6, 2025. Retrieved
OpenAI
Series of American full-size automobiles by General Motors
services as the eleventh generation in 4WD and with LS and LT trim options, but soft sales would result in Chevrolet discontinuing production on this model after
Chevrolet_Suburban
American journalist (born 1967)
2012). "Revelation Signals a Shift in Views of Homosexuality". Media Decoder Blog. Retrieved March 12, 2023. Whitaker, Barbara (July 27, 1988). "Simple
Anderson_Cooper
1983 single by Spandau Ballet
using a Dolby noise-reduction system, but the band decided not to use the decoder that would remove the hissing from the recording because they liked the
True_(Spandau_Ballet_song)
Pay television company in New Zealand
started replacing the legacy standard digital decoders and original 2005 My Sky decoders with a new digital decoder, manufactured by Kaon. The Kaon Sky box
Sky_Network_Television
Indian yoga teacher and businessman
April 2022. "Patanjali Yogpeeth-I & Patanjali Yogpeeth-II". wikimapia.org. "Soft drinks taking last breath: Ramdev". The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Delhi
Ramdev
2017 studio album by Taylor Swift
Miami bass, coalesce on Reputation. According to Caramanica, its sound is "soft-core pop-R&B" and the musical influences are rooted in black music but Swift
Reputation_(album)
8-bit microprocessor from 1975
NMOS 6502 chip is not sequenced by microcode but decoded directly using a dedicated PLA. The decoder occupied about 15% of the chip area. This compares
MOS_Technology_6502
Rope-like matted hairstyle
environmental damage. This protective soft loc style is created by "wrapping hair around the natural hair or crocheting pre-made soft locs into cornrows." In the
Dreadlocks
2004 video game
von Gut und Böse is a 2004 role-playing video game developed by Monolith Soft for the PlayStation 2. It was published in Japan (2004) and North America
Xenosaga_Episode_II
Process for broadcasting content stored on film stock
often soft telecined, although lower-quality hard-telecined DVDs exist. In the case of PAL DVDs using 2:2 pulldown, the difference between soft and hard
Telecine
developed towards the end of this period, and of course the use of many softer materials such as wood, bone, and fibers continued. Domestication spread
Timeline of historic inventions
Timeline_of_historic_inventions
Free and open-source object relational database management system
PostgreSQL's ability to load and index data at high rates was a key to its decision to use PostgreSQL. FlightAware, a flight tracking website. Grofers, an
PostgreSQL
developed to address problems in sequence encoding and decoding.[incomprehensible] The idea of encoder-decoder sequence transduction had been developed in the
History of artificial neural networks
History_of_artificial_neural_networks
2015 Indian film by Puri Jagannadh
Jagan's clarity, at no moment he is in a hurry or tempted to show the hero's softer side. What this film needed desperately was personality and character and
Temper_(film)
American streaming television series
one may talk while on the platform" rule Carol Mansell as Elder Jemma, a soft-spoken member of the Village of Fowl Devotees' Council of Elders Ken Jenkins
A Series of Unfortunate Events (TV series)
A_Series_of_Unfortunate_Events_(TV_series)
1982 studio album by Whitesnake
February 2013). "Warner Music Group Buys EMI Assets for $765 Million". Media Decoder Blog. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2018
Saints & Sinners (Whitesnake album)
Saints_&_Sinners_(Whitesnake_album)
travel, tourism, insurance
SOFT DECISION-DECODER
SOFT DECISION-DECODER
Boy/Male
Finnish, German
Advice; Decision Protection
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from Middle English lofte ‘upper chamber’, ‘attic’, possibly bestowed on a household servant who worked in an upper chamber, or used in the same sense as Loftus.Danish : habitational name from a place called Loft.
Boy/Male
Indian
Decision
Boy/Male
Muslim
Decision
Boy/Male
Hindu
Decision, Confirmed
Boy/Male
Indian
Good habit, Plus point
Boy/Male
Hindu
Decision, Confirmed
Boy/Male
Tamil
Decision, Confirmed
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps a respelling of Salt.
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Decision
Boy/Male
Australian, Danish, Dutch, French, Swedish
Fox; Advice; Decision
Girl/Female
Indian
Soft
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of the various places, for example in Cambridgeshire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk, and Warwickshire, named in Old Norse with topt, Old Danish toft ‘curtilage’, ‘site’, ‘homestead’.Scandinavian : habitational name from any of several farmsteads or place names derived from Old Norse topt ‘curtilage’, ‘site’, ‘homestead’.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Nishchay | நிஷà¯à®šà®¯Â
Decision, Confirmed
Nishchay | நிஷà¯à®šà®¯Â
Boy/Male
British, Danish, English, German
Wolf; Advice; Decision
Girl/Female
Greek
Wise.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Good habit, Plus point
Female
Spanish
Spanish form of Greek Sophia, SOFÃA means "wisdom."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Decision Maker
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Decision of God
SOFT DECISION-DECODER
SOFT DECISION-DECODER
SOFT DECISION-DECODER
SOFT DECISION-DECODER
SOFT DECISION-DECODER
SOFT DECISION-DECODER
SOFT DECISION-DECODER
travel, tourism, insurance