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Formal specification language used for describing and modelling computing systems
The Z notation /ˈzɛd/ is a formal specification language used for describing and modelling computing systems. It is targeted at the clear specification
Z_notation
Notation in organic chemistry for double bonds
isomer notation (which only describes relative stereochemistry) that can be used to describe double bonds having two, three or four substituents. E–Z notation
E–Z_notation
Notation of differential calculus
differential calculus, there is no single standard notation for differentiation. Instead, several notations for the derivative of a function or a dependent
Notation_for_differentiation
Mathematical set formed from two given sets
a is an element of A and b is an element of B. In terms of set-builder notation, that is A × B = { ( a , b ) ∣ a ∈ A and b ∈ B } . {\displaystyle
Cartesian_product
Method to convey chess moves
Algebraic notation is the standard method of chess notation, used for recording and describing moves. It is based on a system of coordinates to uniquely
Algebraic_notation_(chess)
Use of braces for specifying sets
∃ k ∈ Z , n = 2 k } {\displaystyle \{n\mid \exists k\in \mathbb {Z} ,n=2k\}} — The set of all even integers, expressed in set-builder notation. In mathematics
Set-builder_notation
Method of software development
method based on an abstract machine notation, used in the development of computer software. Compared to the Z notation, B is slightly more low-level and
B-Method
Computer programming testing tool
model-based testing tool that works with specifications written in the Z notation. The tool implements the Test Template Framework (TTF) proposed by Phil
Fastest
Pairs of molecules with same chemical formula showing different spatial orientations
principle, cis–trans notation should not be used for alkenes with two or more different substituents. Instead the E–Z notation is used based on the priority
Cis–trans_isomerism
Method for representing or encoding numbers
Positional notation, also known as place-value notation, is the property of a numeral system that the value represented by each symbol in a written numeral
Positional_notation
Mathematics notation where operators follow operands
Polish notation (RPN), also known as reverse Łukasiewicz notation, Polish postfix notation or simply postfix notation, is a mathematical notation in which
Reverse_Polish_notation
The Community Z Tools (CZT) initiative is based around a SourceForge project to build a set of tools for the Z notation, a formal method useful in software
Community_Z_Tools
Convention where symbols represent concepts
neglected Z notation, a formal notation for specifying objects using Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory and first-order predicate logic Ordinal notation Set-builder
Notation_system
Use of coordinates for representing vectors
Vector notation In mathematics and physics, vector notation is a commonly used notation for representing vectors, which may be Euclidean vectors, or more
Vector_notation
Punctuation mark
Backus–Naur form. In the Z formal specification language, braces define a set. In mathematics they delimit sets, in what is called set notation. Braces enclose
Bracket
Department of the Oxford University Computing Laboratory
field of formal methods, playing a leading role in the development of the Z notation (initiated by a visit of Jean-Raymond Abrial) and CSP (together with the
Programming_Research_Group
Notation for quantum states
Bra–ket notation or Dirac notation is a mathematical notation for linear algebra and linear operators on complex vector spaces together with their dual
Bra–ket_notation
Informal use of mathematical notation
of notation to use the same symbol for the underlying set and the structured object, a phenomenon known as suppression of parameters. For example, Z {\displaystyle
Abuse_of_notation
Topics referred to by the same term
Z, z, -z, z', or z- in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Z, or z, is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the English alphabet. Z may also refer to: Z (1969
Z_(disambiguation)
Typographical symbol
This page uses IPA notation for orthographic or other linguistic analysis. For the meaning of how ⟨ ⟩, | |, / /, and [ ] are used here, see this page.
Middle_dot
Unicode character block
used in Z notation. Specifically U+2981 ⦁ Z NOTATION SPOT U+2982 ⦂ Z NOTATION TYPE COLON U+2987 ⦇ Z NOTATION LEFT IMAGE BRACKET U+2988 ⦈ Z NOTATION RIGHT
Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B
Miscellaneous_Mathematical_Symbols-B
Topics referred to by the same term
Industries, former Australian company E–Z notation, in chemistry eZ Platform, open-source software system E-Z Sort card, an edge-notched card All pages
EZ
Origin and evolution of the symbols used to write equations and formulas
mathematical notation covers the introduction, development, and cultural diffusion of mathematical symbols and the conflicts between notational methods that
History of mathematical notation
History_of_mathematical_notation
Mathematical symbol to denote a function
is used in mathematics and in computer science to denote functions. In Z notation, a specification language used in software development, this symbol is
Maps_to
Object-oriented extension to the Z specification language
Z++ (pronounced zed, or zee in American pronunciation, plus plus) is an object-oriented extension to the Z specification language. Z++ allows for the definition
Z++
Arithmetic operation
repeated, exponentiation. There is no universal notation for tetration, though Knuth's up arrow notation ↑↑ {\displaystyle \uparrow \uparrow } and the left-exponent
Tetration
Group to promote the Z notation
The Z User Group (ZUG) was established in 1992 to promote use and development of the Z notation, a formal specification language for the description of
Z_User_Group
Typographical symbol spanning letters)
breve, used in Central Alaskan Yupʼik, Greek, phonetic alphabets, and Z notation. It can be used between two characters with spacing as punctuation, non-spacing
Tie_(typography)
Object-Z is an object-oriented extension to the Z notation developed at the University of Queensland, Australia. Object-Z extends Z by the addition of
Object-Z
Mathematical program specifications
methods include the Alloy object modelling notation, Denney's synthesis of some aspects of the Z notation with use case driven development, and the CSK
Formal_methods
British computer scientist
background in formal methods, especially the Z notation and CSP. Woodcock worked on applying the Z notation to the IBM CICS project, helping to gain a Queen's
Jim_Woodcock
British computer scientist (born 1956)
University. His main contribution has been in formal methods, especially the Z notation. In addition, he has worked in the area of museum informatics, including
Jonathan_Bowen
Programming language
for the stored-value card produced by Mondex International, in which Z notation was used as a precursor to the coding in SPARK. In August 2010, Rod Chapman
SPARK_(programming_language)
Declarative specification language
mathematical underpinnings of the language were heavily influenced by the Z notation, and the syntax of Alloy owes more to languages such as Object Constraint
Alloy (specification language)
Alloy_(specification_language)
Topics referred to by the same term
and 2008 to 2010 Dodge Viper ZB conference, on the Z notation and B-Method, co-organized by the Z User Group and APCB ZB Holden Commodore an Australian
ZB
French computer scientist
and object-oriented programming, as well as his contributions to the Z notation specification and design of the Eiffel programming language. Meyer is
Bertrand_Meyer
IBM mainframe transaction monitor
debugging and feature enhancement. Part of CICS was formalized using the Z notation in the 1980s and 1990s in collaboration with the Oxford University Computing
CICS
Block of Unicode symbols
□ WHITE SQUARE ▱ WHITE PARALLELOGRAM ◁ WHITE LEFT-POINTING TRIANGLE (Z notation domain restriction) 1 □ ▱ ◁ □ ▱ ◁
Geometric Shapes (Unicode block)
Geometric_Shapes_(Unicode_block)
Marks to indicate pacing of written text
Z NOTATION LEFT IMAGE BRACKET Z NOTATION RIGHT IMAGE BRACKET U+2987 U+2988 Ps, open Pe, close Common ⦉ ⦊ Z NOTATION LEFT BINDING BRACKET Z NOTATION RIGHT
Punctuation
Standard system of axiomatic set theory
using set builder notation. For example, the even integers can be constructed as the subset of the integers Z {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} } satisfying the
Zermelo–Fraenkel_set_theory
Man Fears CoNiC uZi. ScienTist ViCroMan Iron(Fe) Comes from NiCuZan. Yes S(Z)ir, Nob. Most Technicians Ruin Rob's Pale Silver Cadillac. Lucifer's Half
List_of_chemistry_mnemonics
System of symbolic representation
(1596–1650) introduced the modern notation for variables and equations; in particular, the use of x , y , z {\displaystyle x,y,z} for unknown quantities and
Mathematical_notation
Operation on mathematical functions
distinguish the left composition operator from a text semicolon, in the Z notation the ⨾ character is used for left relation composition. Since all functions
Function_composition
Fourteenth letter in the Greek alphabet
ensemble in statistical mechanics Indicating "no change of state" in Z notation in computing Used as the Latin letter E in some logos. Monetary units
Xi_(letter)
Subdiscipline of chemistry
stereogenic/chiral center (R- and S- notation) and extended to be applied across olefinic bonds (E- and Z- notation). Wikiquote has quotations related to
Stereochemistry
Notation system for recording movement
Eshkol-Wachman movement notation is a notation system for recording movement on paper or computer screen. The system was created in Israel by dance theorist
Eshkol-Wachman movement notation
Eshkol-Wachman_movement_notation
Formal language used in computer science
so-called model-oriented specification in frameworks like VDM and the Z notation, which consist of a simple realization of the required behaviour. Specifications
Specification_language
British computer scientist
College, Cambridge and then undertook a DPhil in computer science on the Z notation at Wolfson College, Oxford and the Programming Research Group, part of
Michael_Spivey
Description of an algorithm that resembles a computer program
formal specification languages include set theory notation using special characters. Examples are: Z notation Vienna Development Method Specification Language
Pseudocode
Punctuation mark with two dots (:)
U+2255 ≕ EQUALS COLON U+2360 ⍠ APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD COLON U+2982 ⦂ Z NOTATION TYPE COLON U+2A74 ⩴ DOUBLE COLON EQUAL U+205D ⁝ TRICOLON U+2AF6 ⫶ TRIPLE
Colon_(punctuation)
When molecules have the same atoms and bond structure but differ in 3D orientation
is the highest-priority group. Using this notation to name the above pictured molecules, molecule I is (Z)-1,2-dichloroethene and molecule II is (E)-1
Stereoisomerism
Although the TTF was meant to be notation-independent, the original presentation was made using the Z formal notation. It is one of the few MBT frameworks
Test_Template_Framework
Shorthand notation for tensor operations
differential geometry, Einstein notation (also known as the Einstein summation convention or Einstein summation notation) is a notational convention that implies
Einstein_notation
Smart card cash system by Mastercard
transfer funds) the cardholder had to insert his PIN and unlock it. The Z notation was used to prove security properties about Mondex, allowing it to achieve
Mondex
Topics referred to by the same term
difference of state between two before and after state schemas in the Z notation δ {\displaystyle \delta } , the first Feigenbaum constant Delta connective
Delta
Latin letter Z with caron
[ʒ], but the lowercase ž is used in the Americanist phonetic notation, as well as in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet. In addition, ž is used as the romanisation
Ž
Rule that defines a business
Language (UML), Z notation, Business Process Execution Language (BPEL), Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN), Decision Model and Notation (DMN) or the
Business_rule
Extension of the factorial function
( z ) = e − 1 2 + 0 − z + 1 z − 1 2 + 2 − z + 2 z − 2 2 + 4 − z + 3 z − 3 2 + 6 − z + 4 z − 4 2 + 8 − z + 5 z − 5 2 + 10 − z + ⋱ + e − 1 z + 0 − z +
Gamma_function
Hydrocarbon compound containing one or more C=C bonds
E–Z notation for molecules with three or four different substituents (side groups). For example, of the isomers of butene, the two methyl groups of (Z)-but-2-ene
Alkene
Tool in chemical analysis
appropriate use: "for the ion C7H72+, m/z equals 45.5". There are several alternatives to the standard m/z notation that appear in the literature; however
Mass_spectrum
Methods for describing chess moves and/or positions
Chess notation systems are used to record either the moves made or the position of the pieces in a game of chess. Algebraic notation is the standard method
Chess_notation
Sometimes, Z n {\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{n}} denotes the integers modulo n, where n is an integer greater than 0. The notation Z / n Z {\displaystyle
Glossary of mathematical symbols
Glossary_of_mathematical_symbols
Form of musical notation for computers
ABC notation is a shorthand form of musical notation for computers. In basic form it uses the letter notation with a–g, A–G, and z, to represent the corresponding
ABC_notation
Base-16 numeric representation
–known as a nibble. An 8-bit byte is two hex digits, such as 2C. Special notation is often used to indicate that a number is hex. In mathematics, a subscript
Hexadecimal
Notation for control characters; consists of a caret (^) and a letter
Caret notation is a notation for control characters in ASCII. The notation assigns ^A to control-code 1, sequentially through the alphabet to ^Z assigned
Caret_notation
Topics referred to by the same term
Dwivedi Z notation, a formal specification language Zed (text editor), a successor to the Atom text editor Nissan Z, a Nissan sports car Kawasaki Z series
Zed
Association of one output to each input
more variables, with notations such as f ( w , x , y ) {\displaystyle f(w,x,y)} , f ( w , x , y , z ) {\displaystyle f(w,x,y,z)} . A function may also
Function_(mathematics)
Topics referred to by the same term
0Z (zero Z) or 0-Z may refer to: 0Z, or zero protons; see Atomic number 0z, notation for no degree of redshift 0Z, a data set in statistics where the
0Z
Difference in shape from a mirror image
extended to assign absolute configuration to cis-trans isomers with the E-Z notation. Molecular chirality is of interest because of its application to stereochemistry
Chirality
Formula in calculus
= ( z ∘ y ) ′ = ( z ′ ∘ y ) ⋅ y ′ . {\displaystyle h'=(z\circ y)'=(z'\circ y)\cdot y'.} The chain rule may also be expressed in Leibniz's notation. If
Chain_rule
Group of compounds found in meat and dairy from ruminants
"c9,t11-CLA". Another equivalent is "(9Z,11E)-CLA", deriving from the E–Z notation. Commonly, CLAs are studied as some mixture of isomers wherein the isomers
Conjugated_linoleic_acid
American dental notation system
(wisdom tooth) Dental notation FDI World Dental Federation notation Palmer Notation Method "Tooth Numbering Systems". Oral Health Topics A–Z. American Dental
Universal_Numbering_System
pioneered early expert system AI and computer chess Jonathan Bowen – Z notation, formal methods Stephen R. Bourne – Bourne shell, portable ALGOL 68C compiler
List_of_computer_scientists
Physical quantity of interest in chemistry and electrodynamics
coulomb. The units and notation above are used when dealing with the physics of mass spectrometry; however, the m/z notation is used for the independent
Mass-to-charge_ratio
French computer scientist (1938–2025)
Entity-Relationship Model through to RDF. J.-R. Abrial is the father of the Z notation (typically used for formal specification of software), during his time
Jean-Raymond_Abrial
Unicode character block
(2001-01-16), Disunify braces/brackets for math, computing science, and Z notation from similar-looking CJK braces/brackets L2/01-159 N2344 Ad-hoc report
Halfwidth and Fullwidth Forms (Unicode block)
Halfwidth_and_Fullwidth_Forms_(Unicode_block)
graphical notations were much favoured by the market but lacked rigour, Syntropy adopted ideas from formal specification languages, specifically Z notation, to
Syntropy_(software)
Nazi concentration camp badge for "asocials"
Sinti people, and others. Romani first wore the black triangle with a Z notation (for Zigeuner, 'gypsy') to the right of the triangle's point. Male Romani
Black_triangle_(badge)
Irish computer scientist
promulgator of formal methods throughout his career, especially CSP and the Z notation. He was Director of the NASA Software Engineering Laboratory at NASA Goddard
Michael_Hinchey
Addition of several numbers or other values
Considering that the both sigma notation's range are the same, the double sigma notations can be wrapped into a single notation, so the double summation is
Summation
Topics referred to by the same term
for the Canadian Air Defense Identification Zone CADiZ, software tools for working with Z notation "Cadiz" (Albéniz), a composition by Isaac Albéniz Cadiz
Cadiz_(disambiguation)
System of mathematical set theory
∀ x ∀ y ∃ w ∀ z [ z ∈ w ↔ ( z ∈ x ∨ z = y ) ] . {\displaystyle \forall x\forall y\exists w\forall z[z\in w\leftrightarrow (z\in x\lor z=y)].} Adjunction
General_set_theory
Carboxylic acid
variant "12-octadecanoic acid") is always based on the "C" numbering. The notation Δx,y,... is traditionally used to specify a fatty acid with double bonds
Fatty_acid
British software company
former Praxis office's is its extensive use of formal methods such as the Z notation and the SPARK toolset (acquired through the takeover of the developers
Altran_Praxis
System of mathematical set theory
hierarchy. S has the important property that all axioms of Zermelo set theory Z, except the axiom of extensionality and the axiom of choice, are theorems
S_(set_theory)
Topics referred to by the same term
Equal Energy spectrum, a definition of white in colour printing (E), E–Z notation used in chemistry to indicate double bonds that two groups of higher priority
E_(disambiguation)
Number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom
neutrons and electrons. The atomic number is used in AZE notation, (with A as the mass number, Z the atomic number, and E for element) to denote an isotope
Atomic_number
Computer scientist
Department of Software Engineering. He has undertaken research work on the Z notation, formal methods for GUI design, a general theory of refinement and logic
Steve Reeves (computer scientist)
Steve_Reeves_(computer_scientist)
Derivative of a function with multiple variables
derivative symbol (Leibniz notation) is used. Thus, an expression like ∂ f ( x , y , z ) ∂ x {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial f(x,y,z)}{\partial x}}} is used
Partial_derivative
Interactive theorem proving systems
designed to provide special support grounded in HOL for working with the Z notation for formal specification. The tool PPDaz supporting specification and
HOL_(proof_assistant)
X protocol C language binding library
others have worked to prove key portions of XCB formally correct using Z notation. (Xlib has long been known to contain errors.) Xlib/XCB provides application
XCB
Aspect of computer science
specification. They do so by applying a divide-and-conquer approach. The Z notation is an example of a leading formal specification language. Others include
Formal_specification
System for naming organic chemical compounds
using absolute descriptors of Z- (same side) and E- (opposite) with the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog priority rules (see also E–Z notation). Alkynes are named using
IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry
IUPAC_nomenclature_of_organic_chemistry
Phonetic alphabet developed in the 1880s
Americanist phonetic notation, also known as the North American Phonetic Alphabet (NAPA), the Americanist Phonetic Alphabet or the American Phonetic Alphabet
Americanist_phonetic_notation
Mathematical notation
A "hat" (circumflex (ˆ)), placed over a symbol is a mathematical notation with various uses. In statistics, a circumflex (ˆ), nicknamed a "hat", is used
Hat_notation
Arithmetic operation
modern notation, when in L'algèbre de Viète he wrote Aiii for A3. Early in the 17th century, the first form of our modern exponential notation was introduced
Exponentiation
Version of scientific notation
Engineering notation or engineering form (also technical notation) is a version of scientific notation in which the exponent of ten is always selected
Engineering_notation
Typesetting language
Lisp and Icon. A different approach is employed by the CADiZ suite of tools for the Z notation. Rather than the cadiz program being a preprocessor in the
Troff
Visual representation of speech sounds
transcription (also known as phonetic alphabet, phonetic script or phonetic notation) is the visual representation of speech sounds (or phonetics) by means
Phonetic_transcription
Atoms of the same element, but different mass
e.g. "C" for carbon, standard notation (also known as "AZE notation" as it is written AZE where A is the mass number, Z the atomic number, and E the element
Isotope
Z NOTATION
Z NOTATION
Surname or Lastname
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic)
German and Jewish (Ashkenazic) : nickname for a big man, from Middle High German grÅz ‘large’, ‘thick’, ‘corpulent’, German gross. The Jewish name has been Hebraicized as Gadol, from Hebrew gadol ‘large’.English : nickname for a big man, from Middle English, Old French gros (Late Latin grossus, of Germanic origin, thus etymologically the same word as in 1 above). The English vocabulary word did not develop the sense ‘excessively fat’ until the 16th century.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Italian (Venice and Mantua) and Greek (Zanes) : from a variant of the Venetian personal name Z(u)an(n)i ‘John’ (see Zani).Americanized spelling of German and Jewish Zahn.Robert Zane was a cloth maker of English origin, a founding member of the Quaker colony that was set up at Salem, NJ, in 1676.
Female
Hungarian
Feminine form of Hungarian Anasztáz, ANASZTÃZIA means "resurrection."
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Latin Anastasius, ANASZT�Z means "resurrection."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : generally said to be from Anglo-Norman French fi(t)z ‘son’, used originally to distinguish a son from a father bearing the same personal name.It could also be a habitational name from a place in Shropshire called Fitz, recorded in 1194 as Fittesho, from an Old English personal name, Fitt, + hÅh ‘hill spur’.In one family at least, it is an altered form of English Fitch.German : unexplained. Possibly from a vernacular pet form of the personal name Vincent.Johann Peter Fitz, an immigrant from Germany, arrived in Philadelphia in 1750. Bearers of the name from Britain were already established in North America before that date.
Female
Spanish
Spanish form of English Agnes, INÉZ means "chaste; holy."
Female
Hungarian
Short form of Hungarian Terézia, TERÉZ means "harvester."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived in a ‘new house’, from Middle English newe + hous, or a habitational name from any of various minor places named with these elements, for example in Cheshire and West Yorkshire. Newsham in Lincolnshire was often Neuhouse in the medieval period, the modern form in -ham representing an alternative from Old English dative plural -um.Translation of Scandinavian Nyhus, German and Ashkenazic Jewish Neuhaus (topographic or habitational names), or Hungarian Újházi, a habitational name for someone from any of various places named with új ‘new’ + ház ‘house’.
Z NOTATION
Z NOTATION
Girl/Female
Hindu
Good luck, Perfection, Wealth, Accomplishment, Welfare
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a flamboyant dresser, from Middle English gyldenesleve ‘golden sleeve’.
Girl/Female
Indian
Pampered girl
Girl/Female
German
Noble; Kind
Girl/Female
Tamil
Lotus pond, Having lotuses
Girl/Female
British, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, French, Latin, Swedish
Form of Beatrice; Bringer of Joy; Traveler; Voyager through Life
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam
Powerful
Boy/Male
Arabic, Punjabi
Glory; Destiny
Male
English
Variant spelling of English unisex Jordan, JORDON means "flowing down."
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Moon Light
Z NOTATION
Z NOTATION
Z NOTATION
Z NOTATION
Z NOTATION
a.
Produced by the friction or rustling of the breath, intonated or unintonated, through a narrow opening between two of the mouth organs; uttered through a close approach, but not with a complete closure, of the organs of articulation, and hence capable of being continued or prolonged; -- said of certain consonantal sounds, as f, v, s, z, etc.
n.
A quantity consisting of three terms, connected by the sign + or -; as, x + y + z, or ax + 2b - c2.
v. i.
To pronounce the sibilant letter s imperfectly; to give s and z the sound of th; -- a defect common among children.
n.
A Greek letter corresponding to our z.
a.
Making a hissing sound; uttered with a hissing sound; hissing; as, s, z, sh, and zh, are sibilant elementary sounds.
n.
The letter z; -- formerly so called. J () J is the tenth letter of the English alphabet. It is a later variant form of the Roman letter I, used to express a consonantal sound, that is, originally, the sound of English y in yet. The forms J and I have, until a recent time, been classed together, and they have been used interchangeably.
n.
One of several prickly or thorny shrubs found in Palestine, especially the Paliurus aculeatus, Zizyphus Spina-Christi, and Z. vulgaris. The last bears the fruit called jujube, and may be considered to have been the most readily obtainable for the Crown of Thorns.
adv.
Certainly; most likely; truly; probably. Z () Z, the twenty-sixth and last letter of the English alphabet, is a vocal consonant. It is taken from the Latin letter Z, which came from the Greek alphabet, this having it from a Semitic source. The ultimate origin is probably Egyptian. Etymologically, it is most closely related to s, y, and j; as in glass, glaze; E. yoke, Gr. /, L. yugum; E. zealous, jealous. See Guide to Pronunciation, // 273, 274.
n.
A plant of the genus Zingiber, of the East and West Indies. The species most known is Z. officinale.
superl.
Belonging to the class of sonant elements as distinguished from the surd, and considered as involving less force in utterance; as, b, d, g, z, v, etc., in contrast with p, t, k, s, f, etc.
n.
The letter Z; -- called also zee, and formerly izzard.
n.
Any one of several species of small Old World singing of the genus Zosterops, as Zosterops palpebrosus of India, and Z. c/rulescens of Australia. The eyes are encircled by a ring of white feathers, whence the name. Called also bush creeper, and white-eyed tit.
n.
A large species of American grass of the genus Zea (Z. Mays), widely cultivated as a forage and food plant; Indian corn. Also, its seed, growing on cobs, and used as food for men animals.
n.
A genus of large edentulous sirenians, allied to the dugong and manatee, including but one species (R. Stelleri); -- called also Steller's sea cow. S () the nineteenth letter of the English alphabet, is a consonant, and is often called a sibilant, in allusion to its hissing sound. It has two principal sounds; one a mere hissing, as in sack, this; the other a vocal hissing (the same as that of z), as in is, wise. Besides these it sometimes has the sounds of sh and zh, as in sure, measure. It generally has its hissing sound at the beginning of words, but in the middle and at the end of words its sound is determined by usage. In a few words it is silent, as in isle, debris. With the letter h it forms the digraph sh. See Guide to pronunciation, // 255-261.
n.
Same as Wiver. X () X, the twenty-fourth letter of the English alphabet, has three sounds; a compound nonvocal sound (that of ks), as in wax; a compound vocal sound (that of gz), as in example; and, at the beginning of a word, a simple vocal sound (that of z), as in xanthic. See Guide to Pronunciation, // 217, 270, 271.
n.
Same as Z/rthe.
n.
A European fish (Zoarces viviparus), remarkable for producing living young; -- called also greenbone, guffer, bard, and Maroona eel. Also, an American species (Z. anguillaris), -- called also mutton fish, and, erroneously, congo eel, ling, and lamper eel. Both are edible, but of little value.
n.
A plant of the genus Ziziphus (Z. lotus); -- so called by the Arabs of Barbary, who use its berries for food. See Lotus (b).
a.
Formed into, or characterized by, voice; vocalized; -- said of all the vowels and the semivowels, also of the vocal or sonant consonants g, d, b, l, r, v, z, etc.
n.
The sweet and edible drupes (fruits) of several Mediterranean and African species of small trees, of the genus Zizyphus, especially the Z. jujuba, Z. vulgaris, Z. mucronata, and Z. Lotus. The last named is thought to have furnished the lotus of the ancient Libyan Lotophagi, or lotus eaters.