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Electoral system used in the United Kingdom
The additional-member system (AMS) is a two-vote seat-linkage-based mixed electoral system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament in the United
Additional-member_system
Plurality voting system
parties is prevalent, the additional member system is de facto nullified. "The Boundaries Review is a chance to bring back multi-member constituencies". 26
First-past-the-post_voting
Type of mixed electoral system
Assembly is referred to as the additional member system. In South Africa, MMP is generally referred to as a "mixed system". The Scandinavian countries have
Mixed-member proportional representation
Mixed-member_proportional_representation
Family of voting systems
are usually proportional. AV+ is a mixed compensatory system similar to the additional member system, with the notable difference that the district seats
Mixed_electoral_system
Voting system that makes outcomes proportional to vote totals
list systems, and any insufficiency in the number of levelling seats reduces proportionality in mixed-member proportional (MMP) or additional-member systems
Proportional_representation
Representative of the voters to a parliament
Westminster system. In Bangladesh, a member of parliament is an individual who serves in the unicameral Jatiya Sangsad or House of the Nation. Members of the
Member_of_parliament
Representative in the devolved parliament of Wales
in both English and Welsh. From 1999 to 2026, members were elected using the additional member system, in which 40 MSs represent smaller geographical
Member_of_the_Senedd
Method by which voters make a choice between options
include the Additional Member System, and Alternative Vote Plus, in which voters cast votes for both single-member constituencies and multi-member constituencies;
Electoral_system
Mixed electoral system
electoral system as well. Parallel systems are often contrasted with mixed-member proportional systems (MMP) or the additional member system (AMS). There
Parallel_voting
Mixed electoral system with compensation
is similar to other forms of mixed-member proportional representation, but differs from the additional-member system in that all representatives are elected
Dual-member mixed proportional
Dual-member_mixed_proportional
The Member System, modeled on the cabinet system, was created by British authorities in the Federation of Malaya to provide self-governance. Like the Communities
Member_System
Australian national honour
two additional award levels: Knight or Dame (AK or AD) above the level of Companion, and the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) below Members. The
Order_of_Australia
one member. The electoral system used is additional member system without an overhang and there are, therefore, a fixed number of eleven additional members
List of London Assembly constituencies
List_of_London_Assembly_constituencies
Correction method used in some voting systems
positive vote transfer MSV system.[citation needed] AV+ is a mixed compensatory system similar to the additional member system, with the notable difference
Compensation (electoral systems)
Compensation_(electoral_systems)
Representatives in the Scottish Parliament (1999–present)
129 individuals elected to serve in the Scottish Parliament. The additional member system produces a form of proportional representation, where each constituency
Member of the Scottish Parliament
Member_of_the_Scottish_Parliament
Elected body in London, England
The Assembly comprises 25 members elected using the additional-member system or mixed-member proportional representation system. A majority in the chamber
London_Assembly
primarily; 80% or above of their members of parliament are elected by FPTP. South Korea uses the additional member system de jure, but it has been de facto
List_of_electoral_systems
Devolved parliament of Scotland
129 members known as Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs), elected for five-year terms under the regionalised form of Additional-member system (MMP):
Scottish_Parliament
Representative subdivisions
single-winner first-past-the-post system, a multi-winner proportional representative system, or another voting method. The district members may be selected by a direct
Electoral_district
members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs) are elected using the additional member system. 73 MSPs are elected through the first-past-the-post system in
List of by-elections to the Scottish Parliament
List_of_by-elections_to_the_Scottish_Parliament
Representative in the House of Commons
its members are not termed "Members of Parliament". All 650 members of the UK House of Commons are elected using the first-past-the-post voting system in
Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)
Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)
systems used are: the single member plurality system (first-past-the-post), the multi-member plurality, the single transferable vote, the additional member
Elections in the United Kingdom
Elections_in_the_United_Kingdom
Mixed electoral system with compensation
variant of the additional-member system which works in two parts: the "AV" part and the "plus" part. As in the alternative vote system, candidates are
Alternative_vote_plus
political system of a state is not limited, with each state having its own system based on its historical evolution. More than half of member states—16
Member state of the European Union
Member_state_of_the_European_Union
first-past-the-post voting in two single-member constituencies. South Korea uses the additional member system de jure, but it has been de facto nullified
List of electoral systems by country
List_of_electoral_systems_by_country
Mixed electoral system formerly used in Italy
parallel voting and somewhat closer to the additional-member system in the United Kingdom (a form of mixed-member proportional representation) in theory;
Scorporo
Federal Bundestag election regulation
The German federal election system regulates the election of the members of the national parliament, called the Bundestag. According to the principles
Electoral_system_of_Germany
Order of chivalry in New Zealand
ordinary, additional and honorary members. The ordinary membership is limited to 20 living members, and at any time there may be fewer than 20. Additional members
Order_of_New_Zealand
Multi-winner electoral system
votes.) Two-vote MMP and additional member system systems may also be interpreted as a related, effectively preferential mixed system. Votes are not transferred
Single_transferable_vote
Aspect of politics in Scotland
United Kingdom – the Scottish Parliament and the Senedd – use the additional member system (AMS). AMS has been used for every Scottish Parliament election
Electoral_system_of_Scotland
Constituency of the Scottish Parliament
council area. Under the additional-member electoral system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, it elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament
Aberdeen Central (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Aberdeen_Central_(Scottish_Parliament_constituency)
Unicameral legislature
46 proportional representation seats; PR seats are assigned an additional member system de jure but parallel voting de facto because the usage of decoy
National Assembly (South Korea)
National_Assembly_(South_Korea)
Non-proportional electoral system
divided into multi-member electoral districts, the system is commonly referred to as "block voting" or the "bloc vote". These systems are usually based
Plurality_block_voting
Voting method in which voters vote openly
An open ballot system is a voting method in which voters vote openly, in contrast to a secret ballot, where a voter's choices are confidential. The open
Open_ballot_system
Devolved parliament of Wales
members were elected for a five-year term of office under the additional-member system, in which 40 MSs represented smaller geographical divisions known
Senedd
British politician (born 1974)
member of the London Assembly (AM) from 2016 until she resigned in 2024, serving as a London-wide member elected under the Additional-member system.
Siân_Berry
Type of mixed electoral system
the additional member system (AMS) de jure, but this system is de facto nullified because of the usage of decoy lists by major parties. Mixed-member majoritarian
Mixed-member majoritarian representation
Mixed-member_majoritarian_representation
Survation asked voters to give their preferences under the previous Additional Member System. The figure shown in this table is the proportional (regional)
Opinion polling for the 2026 Senedd election
Opinion_polling_for_the_2026_Senedd_election
Proportional-representation voting system
the electoral system back to first past the post in single member electorates prior to the 1927 state election. The Hare-Clark System has been used to
Hare–Clark_electoral_system
General election held in Wales on 7 May 2026
the additional member system, and had 60 members, under which 40 out of 60 seats were elected by the first past the post system from single-member constituencies
2026_Senedd_election
Partially compensatory electoral system
be compared to the mixed-member proportional systems (MMP)/ additional member system (AMS) and the common form of mixed-member majoritarian representation
Vote_linkage
System favoring larger parties over smaller ones
mixed-member winner-take-all system (Andorra, Italy, Hungary, Lithuania, Russia and Ukraine) or a mixed-member proportional system (Germany). However, other
Winner-take-all_system
Electoral system in parts of Indonesia
"big man" form where a tribal chief votes for all members of their community, and a "hanging noken" system where votes are counted using noken bags that represent
Noken_system
Voting system
electoral system which aims to elect a member who has support of the majority of voters. The two-round system involves two rounds of choose-one voting
Two-round_system
Voting method in mixed-member systems
top-up process, like the additional member system (AMS). This was the first type of mixed-member proportional (MMP) electoral system, used in Germany. The
Mixed_single_vote
Voting systems that use ranked ballots
any voting system that uses voters' rankings of candidates to choose a single winner or multiple winners. More formally, a ranked vote system depends only
Ranked_voting
Inaugural elections to the London Assembly
for members of the London Assembly were held on 4 May 2000, alongside the first mayoral election. The assembly elections used the additional member system
2000_London_Assembly_election
General election held in Scotland on 7 May 2026
plurality (first past the post) system of election. Each region elects seven additional MSPs using an additional member system. A modified D'Hondt method,
2026 Scottish Parliament election
2026_Scottish_Parliament_election
Single-winner ranked-choice electoral system
for members of the United States Service or who reside overseas.[better source needed][needs update] Under some exhaustive ballot runoff systems, instant-runoff
Instant-runoff_voting
out of 60 seats. A majority jackpot system can be seen as a variant on the (compensatory) additional member system, where a set of seats are assigned by
Majority_jackpot_system
Method to make collective decisions
portion of the population votes to choose representative government members. Electoral systems, the procedure for converting votes cast into winners, vary depending
Voting
Document used to cast votes in an election
mutually exclusive ways: Above the line: mark “1” next to a party or group (additional preferences optional); or Below the line: number at least 1 to 12 next
Ballot
Requirement, and process, of a person's enrollment in order to vote in elections
In electoral systems, voter registration (or enrollment) is the requirement that a person otherwise eligible to vote must register (or enroll) on an electoral
Voter_registration
Vote supporting only a single candidate
non-participatory systems (such as instant-runoff), voters can sometimes strategically bullet-vote to hide their support for additional candidates; this
Bullet_voting
American satellite-based radio navigation service
accurately. More advanced navigation systems use additional sensors like a compass or an inertial navigation system to complement GPS.[citation needed]
Global_Positioning_System
2015, all European Union member states are representative democracies; however, they do not all have the same political system, with most of the differences
List of European Union member states by political system
List_of_European_Union_member_states_by_political_system
Method for allocating seats in parliaments
corrected with leveling seats with Sainte-Laguë method.[additional citation(s) needed] The D'Hondt system is used for the "top-up" seats in the Scottish Parliament
D'Hondt_method
Type of electoral system
the system is not generally referred to as a plurality system. Several versions of plurality voting are used in multi-member districts. The system that
Plurality_voting
Voting for candidates of different parties
(Liberal) was elected vice president In the United Kingdom the Additional Member System is used for the devolved assemblies of Scotland and Wales, as well
Split-ticket_voting
Version of the single transferable vote system
single transferable vote election system. Indirect election by the single transferable vote is used to elect some members in some states of India and for
Indirect single transferable voting
Indirect_single_transferable_voting
member of the UN, but is a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group, both specialized agencies in the United Nations System
Member states of the United Nations
Member_states_of_the_United_Nations
Type of voting by election mechanism
parliamentary systems where each level of government is elected at different times, and only one contest is on each ballot, for the national or regional member of
Electronic_voting
Class of electoral systems
Bucklin voting is an election system that uses ranked (but nontransferable) votes and can be used for single-member and multi-member districts. As in a highest
Bucklin_voting
Family of voting systems
with other apportionment methods in various mixed systems, using either additional member systems or parallel voting. Some apportionment methods may
Party-list proportional representation
Party-list_proportional_representation
was elected for the first time. The Assembly is elected by the Additional Member System. Fourteen directly elected constituencies exist, all of which,
2008_London_Assembly_election
the 2004 London mayoral election. The Assembly is elected by the Additional Member System. There are fourteen directly elected constituencies, nine of which
2004_London_Assembly_election
Manipulation tactic in elections
of the 100 than they would be entitled to (overhang seats). The additional member system used in Scotland would partially compensate for that, by not giving
Decoy_list
Series of professional and amateur soccer leagues
The United States soccer league system is a series of professional and amateur soccer leagues based, in whole or in part, in the United States. Although
United States soccer league system
United_States_soccer_league_system
Proportional-representation voting system
remainders, and the parties with the largest remainders are each allocated one additional seat until all seats have been allocated. This gives the method its name
Quota_method
Comparative politics for electoral systems
non-Condorcet systems elected Condorcet winners. The Marquis de Condorcet viewed elections as analogous to jury votes where each member expresses an independent
Comparison of electoral systems
Comparison_of_electoral_systems
system is commonly referred to as the additional member system. Fourteen members are elected in single member constituencies with the candidate receiving
2024_London_Assembly_election
mixed-member electoral system where a group of members are elected on local (lower) tier, for example in single-member districts (SMDs). Other members are
Mixed ballot transferable vote
Mixed_ballot_transferable_vote
Electoral or law making voting system
may either be intentional or a negative byproduct of the chosen electoral system. Examples include publicly-traded companies (which typically grant stockholders
Weighted_voting
Single-winner ranked-voting electoral system
elect the members of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1892 to 1942. To date, this has been the longest continuous use of the system anywhere
Contingent_vote
Voting system
voter verifiable (E2E) systems are voting systems with stringent integrity properties and strong tamper resistance. E2E systems use cryptographic techniques
End-to-end_auditable_voting
Proposed voting system in British Columbia
Canada in 1871, British Columbia had a system of primarily single-member electoral districts with some multi-member districts, with each voter casting as
BC-STV
Series of interconnected leagues
than 7,000 teams of nearly 5,300 clubs are members of a league in the English men's football league system. The pyramid for women's football in England
English football league system
English_football_league_system
The Peruvian electoral system has as its mission the planning, organization and execution of elections in Peru, as well as keeping a civil registry. As
Electoral_system_of_Peru
Choosing a candidate other than preferred to undercut a less desired one
two-round system in France shows strategic voting in the first round, due to considerations which candidate will reach the second round. The mixed-member proportional
Strategic_voting
Constituency of the Scottish Parliament
which elects seven additional members to the Scottish Parliament via a proportional electoral system known as the Additional Members System (abbreviated AMS)
Ayr (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Ayr_(Scottish_Parliament_constituency)
Social classification practised in India
affirmed the affirmative action practice under Indian law, whereby additional members of lower castes—the other backward classes—were given exclusive access
Caste_system_in_India
Way to distribute seats in a legislative body
they abolished the electoral region system, replacing it with a single statewide constituency electing 37 members via optional preferential voting. This
Apportionment_(politics)
System by which New Zealand parliament is elected
The New Zealand parliamentary electoral system has been based on the principle of mixed-member proportional (MMP) since the 1996 election. MMP was introduced
Electoral system of New Zealand
Electoral_system_of_New_Zealand
Canadian hybrid proportional electoral system
flexible district PR, is a supermixed electoral system which combines the use of single- and multi-member constituencies in a lower tier and top-up seats
Rural–urban proportional representation
Rural–urban_proportional_representation
Scottish constituency, 2011–2026
of Edinburgh. Under the additional-member system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, the seat elected one Member of the Scottish Parliament
Edinburgh_Northern_and_Leith
Armenian-American metal band
"Hypnotize", reached number one on Billboard's Alternative Songs chart. All members of System of a Down are of Armenian descent, either born to Armenian immigrants
System_of_a_Down
Referendum on British Columbia's voting system
devolved parliaments of Scotland and Wales (where the system is referred to as the Additional Member System). The name rural–urban proportional representation
2018 British Columbia electoral reform referendum
2018_British_Columbia_electoral_reform_referendum
Variant of party-list voting system
(from 2026) Mixed electoral system using closed lists for the proportional component Andorra Hungary Germany (mixed-member proportional representation)
Closed_list
electoral system for electing Members of Parliament to the Grand National Assembly has a 7% election threshold. A brief summary of the electoral systems used
Electoral_system_of_Turkey
Anonymous voting method
buying. This system is one means of achieving the goal of political privacy. Secret ballots are used in conjunction with various voting systems. The most
Secret_ballot
(AU) member states have various forms of government. The Constitutive Act of the African Union makes no provision for what type of government a member state
List of African Union member states by political system
List_of_African_Union_member_states_by_political_system
Measure used to restrict access by age
verification, or age gate, is the use of any technical system that externally verifies a person's age. These systems are used primarily to restrict access to content
Age_verification
Electoral system thresholds
"spare vote" not only refers to the additional specification of a second preference but can also mean the electoral system working with a second preference
Spare_vote
System for rating game players
founding in 1939. The USCF used a numerical ratings system devised by Kenneth Harkness to enable members to track their individual progress in terms other
Elo_rating_system
electoral system used for the election of members of the Australian Parliament is governed primarily by the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918. The system presently
Electoral_system_of_Australia
Operating system for mobile devices
their own proprietary variants and add additional software not included in the stock Android operating system. With the advent of the Google Pixel line
Android_(operating_system)
Single election choice which fills more than one political office or seat
ticket members. This system was frequently seen in the "Solid South" era in the Southern United States when there was no effective two party system and victory
Ticket_(election)
Scottish Parliament constituency
South Lanarkshire. Under the additional-member system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, the seat elected one Member of the Scottish Parliament
Rutherglen (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Rutherglen_(Scottish_Parliament_constituency)
Single-winner ranked voting rule
Coombs' method is a ranked voting system. Like instant-runoff (IRV-RCV), Coombs' method is a sequential-loser method, where the last-place finisher according
Coombs'_method
Region or constituency of the Scottish Parliament
council area. Under the additional-member system used for elections to the Scottish Parliament, the seat elected one Member of the Scottish Parliament
Glasgow Pollok (Scottish Parliament constituency)
Glasgow_Pollok_(Scottish_Parliament_constituency)
ADDITIONAL MEMBER-SYSTEM
ADDITIONAL MEMBER-SYSTEM
Surname or Lastname
English (Somerset)
English (Somerset) : possibly a variant of Meager.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant of Mellor. Compare Mealor, Mealer.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Semper.
Surname or Lastname
Variant spelling of German Mentzer, a habitational name for someone from a place called Mentz (possibly Mainz) or Menz.English
Variant spelling of German Mentzer, a habitational name for someone from a place called Mentz (possibly Mainz) or Menz.English : probably a variant of Manser. Compare Menser.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of the various places so called from their situation on a stream with this name. Humber is a common prehistoric river name, of uncertain origin and meaning.
Male
German
German byname BAMBER means "short and fat."Â
Male
English
 Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Éibhear, HEBER means "bow warrior." Compare with another form of Heber.
Girl/Female
Muslim American Arabic English Gaelic
Jewel. Amber stone.
Female
Turkish
Turkish name PEMBE means "pink."
Girl/Female
English
Anniversary. Ember day is a day in Lent devoted to fasting and prayer. Also modern usage as rhyming.
Female
English
English name derived from the vocabulary word, AMBER means "amber," the gem or color. Actually the word is of Arabic origin, from anbargris (ambergris), which refers to an oily, perfumed substance (used in making perfumes) secreted by the sperm whale.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant of Mellor. Compare Mealor, Meeler.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Bamber Bridge in Lancashire, probably named with Old English bēam ‘tree trunk’, ‘beam’ + brycg ‘bridge’.German : nickname for a short fat person.
Male
German
 German name EBER means "boar." Compare with other forms of Eber.
Boy/Male
Indian
New Member
Male
Hebrew
Variant spelling of Hebrew Meir, MEYER means "giving light."
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Member
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps a variant of Pamber, a habitational name from a place in Hampshire named Pamber, from Old English penn ‘fold’, ‘enclosure’ + beorg ‘hill’.
Girl/Female
Arabic
Sky
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly West Country)
English (chiefly West Country) : occupational name for a weaver, early Middle English webber, agent derivative of Webb.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : variant of Weber.
ADDITIONAL MEMBER-SYSTEM
ADDITIONAL MEMBER-SYSTEM
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Mythological, Sindhi, Telugu
A Raga
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Frisby.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Sunrays also silk, Soft in Sanskrit
Girl/Female
Bengali, Indian, Kannada
Son of Bali
Male
English
 Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic Toirdhealbhach, TERENCE means "instigator." English form of Latin Terentius, possibly meaning "rub, turn, twist."Â
Girl/Female
Hindu
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Mythological
Name of Lord Ganesha
Boy/Male
Irish
Serves Christ.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Krishna Bala | கரஷà¯à®£ பாலÂ
Young Krishna
Biblical
song; singer; vine
ADDITIONAL MEMBER-SYSTEM
ADDITIONAL MEMBER-SYSTEM
ADDITIONAL MEMBER-SYSTEM
ADDITIONAL MEMBER-SYSTEM
ADDITIONAL MEMBER-SYSTEM
a.
Making a circuit of the year of the seasons; recurring in each quarter of the year; as, ember fasts.
v. t.
To surmount as a timber does.
n.
Addition to a former number.
n.
Anything added; increase; augmentation; as, a piazza is an addition to a building.
a.
Consisting of amber; made of amber.
n.
Disposition of mind; the constitution of the mind, particularly with regard to the passions and affections; as, a calm temper; a hasty temper; a fretful temper.
a.
Added; supplemental; in the way of an addition.
n.
One of the persons composing a society, community, or the like; an individual forming part of an association; as, a member of the society of Friends.
v. t.
To attach to the limber; as, to limber a gun.
b. t.
To fill or encumber with lumber; as, to lumber up a room.
a.
Added; additional.
v. t.
To cumber.
v. t.
To remember; to cause to remember; to mention.
n.
That which is in addition; something other and further; an additional or greater amount.
n.
Additional signification.
adv.
By way of addition.
a.
Additional.
pron. & a.
One more, in addition to a former number; a second or additional one, similar in likeness or in effect.
a.
Additional.