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Immunological process
Antigen processing, or the cytosolic pathway, is an immunological process that prepares antigens for presentation to special cells of the immune system
Antigen_processing
Vital immune process that is essential for T cell immune response triggering
cells recognize only fragmented antigens displayed on cell surfaces, antigen processing must occur before the antigen fragment can be recognized by a
Antigen_presentation
Protein family
Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) protein complex belongs to the ATP-binding-cassette transporter family. It delivers cytosolic peptides
Transporter associated with antigen processing
Transporter_associated_with_antigen_processing
Cell surface proteins, part of the acquired immune system
of MHC molecules, which is to bind an antigen derived from self-proteins, or from pathogens, and bring the antigen presentation to the cell surface for
Major histocompatibility complex
Major_histocompatibility_complex
Immune response by adaptive immune system
of its antigens) with its subsequent engulfing by B cells or macrophages. This activates the B cell only partially. Antigen processing. Antigen presentation
Polyclonal_B_cell_response
Protein of the immune system
internalize antigens via receptor-mediated endocytosis and create MHC class II molecules plus peptide in the endosomal-lysosomal antigen processing compartment
MHC_class_II
Molecule triggering an immune response
for a single antigen. Upon exposure to an antigen, only the lymphocytes that recognize that antigen are activated and expanded, a process known as clonal
Antigen
Type of protein
molecules and the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), which is required for the transport of antigenic peptides across the endoplasmic reticulum
Tapasin
Mammalian protein found in humans
additional thyroglobulin-like region that influences proteolytic processing and MHC class II antigen presentation. Isoforms p35 and p43 also contain N-terminal
CD74
Protein domain
preventing proteasomal breakdown, as well as impairing antigen processing and MHC class I-restricted antigen presentation. This thereby inhibits the CD8-restricted
Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen 1
Epstein–Barr_virus_nuclear_antigen_1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the ER, both enzymes help process and present antigens by trimming the ends of precursor peptides. This creates the
ERAP2
Component of MHC class I molecules
Wiley DC (May 1991). "Refined structure of the human histocompatibility antigen HLA-A2 at 2.6 A resolution". Journal of Molecular Biology. 219 (2): 277–319
Beta-2_microglobulin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAP1 gene. A member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter
TAP1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
by the ERAP1 gene. This M1 zinc aminopeptidase is involved in the antigen processing and presentation pathway. ERAP1 is mainly located in the endoplasmic
ERAP1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
HLA-A is a group of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) that are encoded by the HLA-A locus, which is located at human chromosome 6p21.3. HLA is a major histocompatibility
HLA-A
Protein complex on the surface of T cells that recognizes antigens
recognizing fragments of antigen as peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The binding between TCR and antigen peptides is of relatively
T-cell_receptor
Biological system protecting an organism against disease
surface and recognizes native (unprocessed) antigen without any need for antigen processing. Such antigens may be large molecules found on the surfaces
Immune_system
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1 beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRB1 gene. DRB1 encodes the most prevalent
HLA-DRB1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
system. HLA-B is part of a family of genes called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. The HLA complex helps the immune system distinguish the
HLA-B
Virus of the herpes family
more functions, such as replication, metabolism, and blockade of antigen processing. Early lytic gene products include BNLF2. Finally, late lytic gene
Epstein–Barr_virus
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen-presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The
HLA-DQB1
Protein-coding gene in humans
immune system process innate immune response negative regulation of cytokine production plasmacytoid dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation
CLEC4A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
of the human MHC class II region encoding a cluster of genes for antigen processing". J. Mol. Biol. 228 (2): 433–41. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(92)90832-5
TAP2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E (HLA-E) also known as MHC class I antigen E is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-E gene
HLA-E
Soluble protein
transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) complex. This association prepares the MHC class I to bind an antigen for presentation on the cell
Calreticulin
Protein found in Homo sapiens
cytoplasmatic organelle called Birbeck granule. There, degradation and antigen processing for presentation to T-cells take place. For instance, langerin binds
Langerin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
lysosomal cysteine protease that may participate in the degradation of antigenic proteins to peptides for presentation to the MHC class II. Cathepsin S
Cathepsin_S
Topics referred to by the same term
interactions Timor–Alor–Pantar languages Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), a protein complex 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (TAP), a candidate
Tap
Cell that displays antigen bound by MHC proteins on its surface
this process is known as antigen presentation. T cells may recognize these complexes using their T cell receptors (TCRs). APCs process antigens and present
Antigen-presenting_cell
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DMA gene. HLA-DMA belongs to the HLA class II
HLA-DMA
T cell subset
The antigenic molecules that activate γδ T cells are largely unknown. γδ T cells are peculiar in that they do not seem to require antigen processing and
Gamma_delta_T_cell
Protein-coding gene in humans
Angenieux C, et al. (2005). "Assistance of microbial glycolipid antigen processing by CD1e". Science. 310 (5752): 1321–4. Bibcode:2005Sci...310.1321D
CD1E
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
negative regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation negative regulation of macrophage antigen processing and presentation negative regulation
FGL2
Type of immune cell
response, professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) endocytose antigens (typically bacteria or viruses), which undergo processing, then travel from the
T_helper_cell
Classification based on antibodies and antigens on RBC surfaces
absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs). These antigens may be proteins, carbohydrates, glycoproteins
Blood_type
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
HLA-C (Human Leukocyte Antigen-C) belongs to the MHC class I heavy chain receptors. The C receptor is a heterodimer consisting of a HLA-C mature gene
HLA-C
Protein found in humans
"In vivo assembly of the proteasomal complexes, implications for antigen processing". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (46): 27687–94. doi:10
PSMB6
InterPro Family
molecules as well as class II MHC on antigen-presenting cells—to be specific, through induction of antigen processing genes, including subunits of the immunoproteasome
Interferon_gamma
Mammalian proteins found in humans
HLA-G histocompatibility antigen, class I, G, also known as human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-G gene
HLA-G
T cell that kills infected, damaged or cancerous cells
foreign proteins via antigen processing. These result in peptide fragments, some of which are presented by MHC Class I to the T cell antigen receptor (TCR)
Cytotoxic_T_cell
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
polymorphisms in venous leg ulcer: a model in tissue injury and reparative process". Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 98 (1): 131–137. doi:10.1160/th06-11-0625
HFE_(gene)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
of the human MHC class II region encoding a cluster of genes for antigen processing". J. Mol. Biol. 228 (2): 433–41. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(92)90832-5
HLA-DOB
Children's Hospital, known for his contributions in understanding antigen processing and the evasion of the immune system by viruses. Ploegh, a native
Hidde_Ploegh
Antibody fragment receptor in humoral immunity
increasing the BCR activation threshold and suppressing B cell-mediated antigen presentation to T cells through the ITIM-dependent inhibitory mechanism
FCGR2B
Mammalian protein found in humans
transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) complex. This association prepares the MHC class I for binding an antigen for presentation on the cell
Calnexin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
factors, activation of enzymatic precursors, processing of enzyme activators and inhibitors, brain antigen processing and regulation of programmed cell death
Cathepsin_D
Protein-coding gene in humans
differentiation 1) family of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various human antigen-presenting cells. They are non-classical MHC proteins, related to the class
CD1D
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen-presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The
Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1
Major_histocompatibility_complex,_class_II,_DQ_alpha_1
Protein-coding gene in humans
CD1 proteins mediate the presentation of primarily lipid and glycolipid antigens of self or microbial origin to T cells. The human genome contains five
CD1A
Mammalian protein found in humans
antigen presenting cells (DCs, monocytes and some thymocytes). This specialised group of glycoproteins present self and non-self lipid-based antigens
CD1b
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
of antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II negative regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and
Thrombospondin_1
Human blood group classification
The Kell antigen system (also known as the Kell–Cellano system) is a human blood group system, that is, a group of antigens on the human red blood cell
Kell_antigen_system
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
demonstrated that PDIA3 interacts with: BACE1, ERp27, tapasin, CRT, and CNX. Antigen processing Major histocompatibility complex GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000167004
PDIA3
Subsystem of the immune system
repertoire of immune-related genes. The immunoprotease genes involved in antigen processing and presentation as well as the class I and class II genes, are closely
Adaptive_immune_system
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
important role in diverse processes including normal lysosome mediated protein turnover, antigen and proprotein processing, and apoptosis. Its substrates
Cathepsin_L1
Chemical compound
Tuftsin acts at the level of antigen processing. Antigen uptake by T-lymphocytes is enhanced when a given antigen is processed in the presence of tuftsin
Tuftsin
Protein found in humans
proteasomes which can be applied as clinical biomarkers. During the antigen processing for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I, the proteasome
PSMB8
Mammalian protein found in humans
(GPIV) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD36 gene. The CD36 antigen is an integral membrane protein found on the surface of many cell types
CD36
Ability of a foreign substance to provoke an immune response
Immunogenicity is the ability of a foreign substance, such as an antigen, to provoke an immune response in the body of a human or other animal. It may
Immunogenicity
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
adhesion ligand-1 (Mac-1; ITGB2 / ITGAM), leukocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), and fibrinogen. These three proteins are generally expressed
ICAM-1
Cellular process
of certain professional antigen-presenting cells (mostly dendritic cells) to take up, process and present extracellular antigens with MHC class I molecules
Cross-presentation
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
in antigen-presenting cells and induced by gamma-interferon in other cell types. This enzyme has an important role in MHC class II-restricted antigen processing
IFI30
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Banham AH, Mufti GJ (Oct 2005). "Humoral detection of leukaemia-associated antigens in presentation acute myeloid leukaemia". Biochemical and Biophysical Research
AP3B1
Genetically engineered T cell
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T cells)—also known as chimeric immunoreceptors, chimeric T cell receptors or artificial T cell receptors—are receptor
CAR_T_cell
Tissue compatibility between individuals
sufficiently similar, alleles of a set of genes called human leukocyte antigens (HLA), or major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Each individual expresses
Histocompatibility
Immune cells found in lymph nodes
separation from the sites of earliest antigen processing and capture provide a protected environment in which opsonized antigens can be displayed for a long time
Follicular_dendritic_cells
Mammalian protein found in humans
Scholzen TE (October 2006). "Monitoring neuropeptide-specific proteases: processing of the proopiomelanocortin peptides adrenocorticotropin and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating
Angiotensin-converting_enzyme
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP(W2) beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DPB1 gene. HLA-DPB belongs to the HLA class
HLA-DPB1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
maintenance of brain and bone. In mice, TREM2 is involved in synaptic pruning, a process of shaping neuronal circuitry by microglia- and astrocyte-mediated removal
TREM2
Protein of the immune system
lumen of the ER is accomplished by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). TAP is a member of the ABC transporter family and is a heterodimeric
MHC_class_I
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ(6) alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DQA2 gene. Also known as HLA-DXA or DAAP-381D23
HLA-DQA2
Protein-coding gene in humans
M (2003). "Gene organization of human transporter associated with antigen processing-like (TAPL, ABCB9): analysis of alternative splicing variants and
ABCB9
Type of white blood cell
PMID 11367532. Blum JS, Wearsch PA, Cresswell P (2013-01-01). "Pathways of antigen processing". Annual Review of Immunology. 31 (1): 443–473. doi:10
B_cell
Procedure for detection and localization of an antigen
biochemical process that enables the detection and localization of an antigen to a particular site within a cell, tissue, or organ. Antigens are organic
Immunolabeling
Protein found in humans
proteasomes which can be applied as clinical biomarkers. During the antigen processing for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I, the proteasome
PSMB9
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRA gene. HLA-DRA encodes the alpha subunit
HLA-DRA
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
protein-containing complex Biological process microtubule-based movement antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II retrograde
KLC2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Biological process antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via
SEC24A
Protein found in humans
Biological process ephrin receptor signaling pathway mitigation of host defenses by virus clathrin-dependent endocytosis antigen processing and presentation
Adaptor-related protein complex 2, alpha 1
Adaptor-related_protein_complex_2,_alpha_1
German biochemist
Biochemistry at Goethe University Frankfurt. He is known for his work on antigen processing, viral immune evasion and cellular quality control. Tampé studied
Robert_Tampé
consists of seven subunits, including the transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP1 and TAP2 – jointly referred to as TAP), the oxidoreductase ERp57
Peptide-loading_complex
Study of the role of the immune system in cancer
presentations. Defects are for example in transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) or tapasin. On the other hand, a complete loss of MHC I is a
Cancer_immunology
Process in molecular biology
post-translational protein splicing and other lessons from the school of antigen processing". Journal of Molecular Medicine. 83 (6): 420–428. doi:10.1007/s00109-005-0652-6
RNA_splicing
M, Kirk CJ, Groettrup M (February 2013). "The immunoproteasome in antigen processing and other immunological functions". Current Opinion in Immunology
Immunoproteasome
Protein found in humans
alpha is crucial for their effects on proteasome function including antigen processing". J. Mol. Biol. 323 (4): 771–82. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00998-1
PSME3
Genes on human chromosome 6
The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is a complex of genes on chromosome 6 in humans that encode cell-surface proteins responsible for regulation
Human_leukocyte_antigen
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
reticulum. Cathepsin E plays a vital role in protein degradation, antigen processing via the MHC class II pathway and bioactive protein generation. The
Cathepsin_E
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
superoxide metabolic process phagocytosis positive regulation of catalytic activity respiratory burst electron transport chain antigen processing and presentation
Neutrophil_cytosolic_factor_2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DOA gene. HLA-DOA belongs to the HLA class II
HLA-DOA
Human gene
derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen-presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The
Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1
Major_histocompatibility_complex,_class_II,_DP_alpha_1
Species of virus
interference with MHC class I antigen presentation on the cell surface, by blocking the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) induced by the secretion
Herpes_simplex_virus
Protein found in humans
proteasomes which can be applied as clinical biomarkers. During the antigen processing for the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I, the proteasome
PSMB10
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Biological process mast cell activation positive regulation of phagocytosis Fc receptor mediated stimulatory signaling pathway antigen processing and presentation
FCER1G
Academic journal
Societies covering basic immunology research, with a primary focus on antigen processing, cellular immune response, immunity to infection, immunomodulation
European Journal of Immunology
European_Journal_of_Immunology
Immune system response to a substance that most people tolerate well
allergy. Impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier, altered antigen processing, inflammation, or reduced regulatory T-cell activity may shift immune
Allergy
Protein found in humans
(2002). "The role of the proteasome activator PA28 in MHC class I antigen processing". Mol. Immunol. 39 (3–4): 165–9. doi:10.1016/S0161-5890(02)00099-8
PSME1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain F is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-F gene. It is an empty intracellular molecule
HLA-F
Method to detect an antigen using an antibody and enzyme
one antibody with specificity for a particular antigen. The sample with an unknown amount of antigen is immobilized on solid support (usually a polystyrene
ELISA
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
exosome Biological process muscle contraction endodermal cell differentiation antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class
Integrin_beta_5
Part of the immune system
phagocyte system". Current Opinion in Immunology. Innate immunity / Antigen processing and recognition. 18 (1): 49–53. doi:10.1016/j.coi.2005.11.008. PMID 16338128
Mononuclear_phagocyte_system
ANTIGEN PROCESSING
ANTIGEN PROCESSING
Male
English
This name became popular as a boy's name after the making of the Star Wars saga by George Lucas, who named his Darth Vader character after the surname of director Ken Annakin, a variant spelling of the Low German female personal name Anniken, a form of Hannah, ANAKIN means "favor; grace."
Female
German
Variant spelling of Low German Anneken, ANNIKEN means "favor; grace."
Female
Swedish
Swedish form of Low German Anniken, ANNIKA means "favor; grace."
Male
Native American
Native American Mapuche name ANTIMAN means "condor of the sun."
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : metonymic occupational name for a harpist (see Harper), or occasionally a habitational name for someone living at a house distinguished by the sign of a harp.English : habitational name from a minor place such as Harp House in Eastwood, Essex, or South Harp in South Petherton, Somerset, denoting a place where salt was produced, from Old English hearpe ‘harp’, an implement used in the processing of salt. Compare Harpham.German : metonymic occupational name for a harpist, from Middle High German harpfe ‘harp’.German : variant of Harpe.
Female
German
Variant spelling of Low German Anniken, ANNIKIN means "favor; grace."
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Processing
Girl/Female
Australian, Swedish
Grace; Favor
Boy/Male
Latin
Worthy of praise; of value. Saint Anthony is the patron sain of poor people. Famous Bearer:...
Girl/Female
Greek Latin
Daughter of Oedipus.
ANTIGEN PROCESSING
ANTIGEN PROCESSING
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English
Near the Water; Island of Linden Trees; From the Linden Tree Island
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
The New Light; Always Bright
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from either of two places, in Staffordshire and North Yorkshire, named Calton, from Old English calf ‘calf’ + tūn ‘farmstead’, ‘settlement’. There are also numerous minor places so named, notably in Yorkshire and Derbyshire, and they may also have given rise to the surname in some instances.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Happy, Pleasant
Girl/Female
Tamil
Bhuvainika | பà¯à®µà¯ˆà®¨à¯€à®•à®¾Â
Heaven
Female
Japanese
(æå) Japanese name KYOKO means "child of the city."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Simranashu | ஸீமà¯à®°à®¨à®¾à®·à¯à®‚
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Sikh, Tamil
Flower
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Malaysian, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Place to Live; Home; Lord Vishnu
Girl/Female
American, Assamese, Bengali, English, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Telugu
A Creeper
ANTIGEN PROCESSING
ANTIGEN PROCESSING
ANTIGEN PROCESSING
ANTIGEN PROCESSING
ANTIGEN PROCESSING
n.
A species of sand grouse (Syrrghaptes Pallasii) found in Asia and rarely in southern Europe.
a.
Full of or processing force; exerting force; mighty.
n.
any preparation used to render an organism immune to some disease, by inducing or increasing the natural immunity mechanisms. Prior to 1995, such preparations usually contained killed organisms of the type for which immunity was desired, and sometimes used live organisms having attenuated virulence. since that date, preparations containing only specific antigenic portions of the pathogenic organism are also used, some of which are prepared by genetic engineering techniques.
n. pl.
The two projecting feathered angles of the forehead of some birds; the frontal points.
n.
Alt. of Attagen