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Surface coated by antimicrobials to inhibit microbial growth
An antimicrobial surface is coated by an antimicrobial agent that inhibits the ability of microorganisms to grow on the surface of a material. Such surfaces
Antimicrobial_surface
Drug used to killed microorganisms or stop their growth
An antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms (microbicide) or stops their growth (bacteriostatic agent). Antimicrobial medicines can be grouped
Antimicrobial
Surfaces with antimicrobial copper coatings
Antimicrobial copper-alloy touch surfaces can prevent frequently touched surfaces from serving as reservoirs for the spread of pathogenic microbes. This
Antimicrobial copper-alloy touch surfaces
Antimicrobial_copper-alloy_touch_surfaces
Infection spread in hospitals or health care facilities
tract, bloodstream and other parts of the body. Many types display antimicrobial resistance, which can complicate treatment. In the UK about 300,000
Hospital-acquired_infection
Abilities of copper to kill or stop the growth of microorganisms
copper-nickel-zinc, and others) are natural antimicrobial materials. Ancient civilizations exploited the antimicrobial properties of copper long before the concept
Antimicrobial properties of copper
Antimicrobial_properties_of_copper
Brand name for a chemical product
lab-on-a-chip platforms, implants, controlled drug delivery systems and antimicrobial surface coatings. The SpaceX Dragon 2 human-rated spacecraft uses Nafion
Nafion
Class of peptides that have antimicrobial activity
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called host defence peptides (HDPs) are part of the innate immune response found among all classes of life. Fundamental
Antimicrobial_peptides
Vapour phase thin film deposition technique
effective antimicrobial technologies to which pathogens will not be able to develop resistance. One possible approach is to cover a surface of medical
Molecular_layer_deposition
Medical discipline for preventing nosocomial or healthcare-associated infection
preventing the spread of antimicrobial-resistant organisms such as MRSA. This in turn connects to the discipline of antimicrobial stewardship—limiting the
Infection prevention and control
Infection_prevention_and_control
Resistance of microbes to drugs directed against them
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR or AR) occurs when microbes evolve mechanisms that protect them from antimicrobials, which are drugs used to treat infections
Antimicrobial_resistance
Toilet device for someone confined to bed
Grass G, Rensing C, Solioz M (March 2011). "Metallic copper as an antimicrobial surface". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77 (5): 1541–1547. Bibcode:2011ApEnM
Bedpan
Use of biofilms to prevent microbe superbug mutation
Antimicrobial nanotechnology is the study of using biofilms to disrupt a microbe's cell membrane, deliver an electric charge to the microbe, and cause
Antimicrobial_nanotechnology
Act of modifying the surface of a material
Functionalization of Antimicrobial Surfaces is a technology that can be used for sterilization in the health industry, self-cleaning surfaces and protection
Surface_modification
Surfactant and antiseptic agent
Antimicrobial agent Thiomersal – Organomercury antiseptic and antifungal agent Maximilian Lackner, Josef Peter Guggenbichler "Antimicrobial Surfaces"
Benzalkonium_chloride
Type of tile commonly used to cover floors and walls
increase traction in wet or outdoor environments. Additionally, antimicrobial surface treatments can be applied to inhibit the growth of bacteria and
Porcelain_tile
Stopping microbes attaching to a surface
of the microbes to a surface. Because biofilms protect the bacteria, they are often more resistant to traditional antimicrobial treatments, making them
Biofilm_prevention
Medicinal locomotive lab
viruses are classified as antimicrobial agents. This class of polymers consists of natural polymers with inherent antimicrobial activity and polymers modified
Antimicrobial_polymer
Locking mechanism
to create a chemical environment hostile to unwanted microbes. Antimicrobial surfaces have shown to be effective at inhibiting bacterial, mold, and mildew
Crash_bar
Group of antimicrobial peptides in vertebrates
Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) is an antimicrobial peptide encoded in the human by the CAMP gene. The active form is LL-37, a 37 amino acid
Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide
Cathelicidin_antimicrobial_peptide
Structured Antimicrobial Surfaces Under Space Conditions): The BIOFILMS project investigates biofilm formation on various antimicrobial surfaces under space
Direct laser interference patterning
Direct_laser_interference_patterning
Polyatomic ions of the form N(–R)4 (charge +1)
applications including as antimicrobials (such as detergents and disinfectants), fabric softeners, and hair conditioners. As an antimicrobial, they are able to
Quaternary_ammonium_cation
Class of antimicrobials developed by Dow Corning in the 1970s
as an effective antimicrobial. In doing so, Dow Corning had invented a durable, non-leaching, persistent, surface bonding antimicrobial effective against
Silane_quats
Chemical element with atomic number 22 (Ti)
researched as a potential option for load-bearing implants that need antimicrobial surfaces. Modern advancements in additive manufacturing techniques have increased
Titanium
Species of fungus
in hospital surfaces, preventing it from spreading. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also lists antimicrobial surface cleaners that
Candida_auris
Efforts to promote antimicrobial agents
Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) refers to coordinated efforts to promote the optimal use of antimicrobial agents, including drug choice, dose, route of
Antimicrobial_stewardship
Fabrics that go through a process of coating
textiles with protecting properties, body fluid resistance and antimicrobial surface. Coated fabrics also contribute to fire-retardant fabrics. In distinctive
Coated_fabrics
Device for receiving and viewing video content
the use of a pillow speaker or remote. These TVs typically have antimicrobial surfaces and can withstand daily cleaning using disinfectants. In the US
Television_set
Photochemical antimicrobial technology
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), also referred to as photodynamic inactivation (PDI), photodisinfection (PD), or photodynamic antimicrobial
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy
Antimicrobial_photodynamic_therapy
Gradual destruction of materials by chemical reaction with its environment
the surface of metals in highly corrosive environments. This process increases the corrosion resistance substantially. Alternatively, antimicrobial-producing
Corrosion
Physical phenomenon of electron resonance
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a phenomenon that occurs where electrons in a thin metal sheet become excited by light that is directed to the sheet
Surface_plasmon_resonance
Inflammatory disease
contribute to inflammation. Various combinations of strategies like antimicrobial surfaces and or delivery mechanisms coupled with methods to favor stable
Peri-implantitis
Brand of antiseptic and cleaning supplies
23 March 2023. Ascenzi, Joseph M. (1996). "Chloroxylenol: an old-new antimicrobial". Handbook of disinfectants and antiseptics. New York: M. Dekker.
Dettol
Manufacturer of speech processing devices
device, the SpeechMike Premium, with integrated motion sensor and antimicrobial surface. Also the Philips dictation recorder app for smartphones (iPhone
Speech_Processing_Solutions
Biological membrane that separates the interior of a cell from its outside environment
impacts Staphylococcus aureus susceptibility to host defense peptides". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 55 (2): 526–31. doi:10.1128/AAC.00680-10. PMC 3028772
Cell_membrane
Fitness for purpose of textiles
of using antimicrobial surfaces that are applicable to both natural and synthetic textiles. Exhibiting antiviral properties, these surfaces may inactivate
Textile_performance
Chemical compound
Ethyl lauroyl arginate (LAE) is a food preservative, antimicrobial compound, and drug more commonly known as E243. It is used to treat dermatological
Ethyl_lauroyl_arginate
Fluid secreted from sudoriferous glands
4.5 and 7.0. Sweat contains many glycoproteins. Sweat may serve an antimicrobial function, like that of earwax or other secretory fluids (e.g., tears
Perspiration
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Lactoferrin is one of the components of the immune system of the body; it has antimicrobial activity (bacteriocide, fungicide) and is part of the innate defense
Lactoferrin
Non-living object capable of carrying infectious agents
selection of microbes resistant to disinfectants or antibiotics (so-called antimicrobial resistance phenomenon).[citation needed] Basic hospital equipment, such
Fomite
Type of microbiology test
Antibiotics, the Deutsches Institut für Normung, the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy and others. A pure bacterial culture is suspended in saline
Disk_diffusion_test
Alloy of copper and zinc
PMC 3239467. "TouchSurfaces Clinical Trials: Home". coppertouchsurfaces.org. "355 Copper Alloys Now Approved by EPA as Antimicrobial". Appliance Magazine
Brass
Species of sponge
produces antimicrobial activity year round, and has the potential to help future developments of antibiotics in the fight against antimicrobial resistance
Aplysina_fistularis
Use of antibiotics for any purpose in the husbandry of livestock
to treat animals compared with humans, worldwide an estimated 73% of antimicrobials (mainly antibiotics) are consumed by farm animals. Furthermore, a 2015
Antibiotic_use_in_livestock
Physiological damage to organisms
receptors on the surfaces of their cells, triggered by invading pathogens. Both have a "primitive" inflammatory response that releases antimicrobial peptides;
Injury
Chemical finishing methods that may alter the chemical properties of the treated fabrics
with protecting properties such as body fluid resistance and an antimicrobial surface for use in personal protective equipment including aprons, coverall
Chemical finishing of textiles
Chemical_finishing_of_textiles
Species of Gram-positive bacterium
cell-surface protein that binds and inactivates antibodies. S. aureus is one of the leading pathogens for deaths associated with antimicrobial resistance
Staphylococcus_aureus
Textiles for medical and healthcare use
Escherichia coli. Antiviral textiles are an extension of antimicrobial surfaces. These surfaces, which have antiviral capabilities, may be able to inactivate
Medical_textiles
anti-reflective coatings, antimicrobial surfaces, self-cleaning glass, plasmonic metamaterials, electro-switching surfaces, layer-by-layer assembly, and
Multi-parametric surface plasmon resonance
Multi-parametric_surface_plasmon_resonance
Chemical compound
antiseptic, and anti-infective properties and it is used as a topical antimicrobial agent in first aid antiseptics. It is also found in cosmetics and toiletries
Benzethonium_chloride
Film of microorganisms on a surface
its ability to adhere to and colonize surfaces, protecting itself from host immune responses and antimicrobial agents. This strength makes infections
Biofilm
Species of bacterium
(February 2010). "In vitro antimicrobial activity of silver-processed catheters for neurosurgery". The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 65 (2): 258–65
Cutibacterium_acnes
Virus that infects bacteria
peptides encoded in them for further study. Phage proteins often have antimicrobial activity and may serve as leads for peptidomimetics, i.e. drugs that
Bacteriophage
Chemical element with atomic number 47 (Ag)
brazing alloys, catalysis, specialised mirrors and window coatings, and antimicrobial materials. Silver halides are important in photographic film, photographic
Silver
Manufacturing process
of using antimicrobial surfaces that are applicable to both natural and synthetic textiles. Exhibiting antiviral properties, these surfaces may inactivate
Finishing_(textiles)
Argentinian chemist
work looks to control atomic interfaces for energy conversion and antimicrobial surfaces. She was awarded the Max Planck Society Otto Hahn Medal in 2008
Magalí_Lingenfelder
Type of microbiology test
range. It is applied to the surface of an agar plate inoculated with the test strain, where there is release of the antimicrobial gradient from the plastic
Etest
Turkish-American bioengineer and materials scientist
Sarikaya, M.; Tamerler, C. (2016). "Engineered Chimeric Peptides as Antimicrobial Surface Coating Agents toward Infection-Free Implants". ACS Applied Materials
Candan_Tamerler
American scientist
polymers, including self-healing films, colloidal synthesis, and antimicrobial surfaces. BOOKS Stimuli-Responsive Materials: From Molecules to Nature Mimicking
Marek_W._Urban
Ionized form of platinum
continued and sustainable. Besides the effect surface energy, it is also speculated that the antimicrobial and antiviral properties of platinum would involve
Chelated_platinum
Pharmaceutical compound
Maribeth Cousin, Kimberly Restivo, Chelsea Rodriguez, and Justin Lien. USP Antimicrobial Effectiveness Test (GLP). Elkhorn, WI: Geneva Laboratories. 2013. "Archived
Polyhexanide
pelagic larval stages on the metal surface, rather than killing the organisms. Due to copper’s strong antimicrobial properties, copper fins can inhibit
Copper_in_heat_exchangers
Species of bacterium
resistance easily. This ability of N. gonorrhoeae to rapidly adapt to novel antimicrobial treatments has been seen several times since the 1930s, making numerous
Neisseria_gonorrhoeae
Group of antibiotics derived from fungi
"penicillin" is defined as the natural product of Penicillium mould with antimicrobial activity. It was coined by Alexander Fleming on 7 March 1929 when he
Penicillin
Bacterium responsible for difficult-to-treat infections in humans
humans. It caused more than 100,000 deaths worldwide attributable to antimicrobial resistance in 2019. Strains unable to resist these antibiotics are classified
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus
Antimicrobials destroy bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae, and other microbes. The cells of bacteria (prokaryotes), such as salmonella, differ from those
Antimicrobials_in_aquaculture
Short chains of 2–50 amino acids
been successfully applied across various functional classes, such as antimicrobial peptides, cell-penetrating peptides, and anticancer agents. Current
Peptide
Marine invertebrates of the subphylum Anthozoa
Broadcast-spawned planula larvae develop at the water's surface before descending to seek a hard surface on the benthos to which they can attach and begin a
Coral
Secretion produced by mucous membranes
a viscous colloidal gel containing water (90–95%), inorganic salts, antimicrobial enzymes (such as lysozymes), antibodies especially immunoglobulin A
Mucus
Species of bacterium
tigecycline (GAR-936) and other antimicrobial agents against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia". Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 50 (5): 758–759. doi:10
Stenotrophomonas_maltophilia
Chemical element with atomic number 29 (Cu)
Copper surfaces in healthcare have been advocated for in the US, as well. Textile fibers can be blended with copper to create antimicrobial protective
Copper
Result of nuclear radiation exposure
types of neutropenic patients. The response of irradiated animals to antimicrobial therapy can be unpredictable, as was evident in experimental studies
Acute_radiation_syndrome
Species of plant
base. They are thickly studded with hairs (pubescent), with the lower surface possessing the most numerous glandular hairs, giving a frosted appearance
Coleus_amboinicus
Chemical compound
surfactants of this type. Like other amine oxide–based surfactants it is antimicrobial, being effective against common bacteria such as S. aureus and E. coli
Lauryldimethylamine_oxide
Ants that store food in living workers
until recently.[when?] The antimicrobial activity of honey from honey pot ants was tested and compared to the antimicrobial activity of bee honey. It was
Honeypot_ant
Pressure difference between the inside and the outside of a curved surface
and Wetting Phenomena. Springer. pp. 7–8. ISBN 978-0-387-00592-8. "Antimicrobial Nanoemulsions". Archived from the original on 2010-04-17. Retrieved
Laplace_pressure
Village in Nagaland, India
their antimicrobial properties, 12 were reported for possessing antimicrobial activity in a different plant part and compounds with antimicrobial activities
Chungtia
Invasion of an organism's body by pathogenic agents
genomes to generate an antimicrobial resistance profile – analogous to antibiotic sensitivity testing – to facilitate antimicrobial stewardship and allow
Infection
Chemical compound
nitrocefin is considered a cephalosporin, it does not appear to have antimicrobial properties. Intact beta-lactam antibiotics act by binding to penicillin
Nitrocefin
Agent that stops bacteria from reproducing
antiseptics and preservatives can be distinguished. When bacteriostatic antimicrobials are used, the duration of therapy must be sufficient to allow host defense
Bacteriostatic_agent
Eye drops for relieving dryness and irritation in the eye
aqueous layer consists of a mixture of electrolytes, enzymes, antibodies, antimicrobial proteins, and other compounds. The lipid layer consists of fatty compounds
Artificial_tears
Organic dye
organic compound that is used as a dyestuff and controversially as an antimicrobial in aquaculture. Malachite green is traditionally used as a dye for materials
Malachite_green
Antimicrobial agent
mechanism of action to triclocarban. Its efficacy as an antimicrobial agent, the risk of antimicrobial resistance, and its possible role in disrupted hormonal
Triclosan
Concentration of water vapour in the air
heat is removed from surface liquid, cooling the Earth's surface. This is the biggest non-radiative cooling effect at the surface. It compensates for roughly
Humidity
Intrusion of water causing destruction and attack
or black water and prolonged exposure, due to additional demolition, antimicrobial treatments, and reconstruction. Homeowners insurance coverage differs
Water_damage
Chemical compound
active ingredient bears the warning label "In some cases, antimicrobial rinses may cause surface staining to teeth," following a failed class-action lawsuit
Cetylpyridinium_chloride
Fish integument
the fish's epidermis. The slime contains a variety of antimicrobial peptides and other antimicrobial components such as lysozyme and C-reactive protein.
Slime_coat
Species of bacterium
that bacteremia from Klebsiella has a death rate around 50%, even with antimicrobial therapy. It is typically due to aspiration and alcoholism may be a risk
Klebsiella_pneumoniae
Antimicrobial agent that inactivates or destroys microbes
as avian influenza and Newcastle disease from equipment and surfaces. The antimicrobial action of hydrogen peroxide can be enhanced by surfactants and
Disinfectant
Ultrafine particles of silver between 1 nm and 100 nm in size
composed of a large percentage of silver oxide due to their large ratio of surface to bulk silver atoms. Numerous shapes of nanoparticles can be constructed
Silver_nanoparticle
Copper alloy mainly used in coinage
abrasive polishing. It is hypoallergenic, antimycotic and somewhat antimicrobial, especially after abrasion. Coins made with the alloy have a specific
Nordic_gold
Species of bacterium
become dopamine. E. faecalis is usually resistant to many commonly used antimicrobial agents (aminoglycosides, aztreonam and quinolones). The resistance is
Enterococcus_faecalis
Fermented tea beverage
Sreeramulu, G; Zhu, Y; Knol, W (2000). "Kombucha fermentation and its antimicrobial activity" (PDF). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 48 (6):
Kombucha
Species of bacterium
that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis such as the beta-lactam antimicrobial penicillin-G. Three subspecies of T. pallidum are known: Treponema pallidum
Treponema_pallidum
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria
antibiotic-resistant β-lactamase genes does not occur on antimicrobial copper surfaces. As copper surfaces degrade naked DNA (and plasmid DNA in antibiotic-resistant
Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae
Carbapenem-resistant_enterobacteriaceae
Genetic disorder affecting mostly the lungs
to conventional antibiotics. Bacteriophage therapy uses viruses as antimicrobial agents to overcome the antibiotic resistance in bacteria with biofilms
Cystic_fibrosis
Genus of viruses (Enterovirus)
activity of AG7088, a potent inhibitor of human rhinovirus 3C protease". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 43 (10): 2444–2450. doi:10.1128/AAC.43.10.2444
Rhinovirus
Species of bacterium
antibiotics to enhance antimicrobial action even in the presence of a certain level of resistance. Combination therapy after rigorous antimicrobial susceptibility
Pseudomonas_aeruginosa
Reproductive structure in flowering plants
Gulam (2012). "Flower extracts and their essential oils as potential antimicrobial agents for food uses and pharmaceutical applications". Comprehensive
Flower
Material for building and design
article, see: Antimicrobial copper-alloy touch surfaces.) As an architectural metal, copper provides excellent corrosion resistance. Copper surfaces form tough
Copper_in_architecture
Genus of bacteria
gemifloxacin (SB-265805) compared with 14 other antimicrobials against intestinal pathogens". Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 46 (6): 1023–1027. doi:10
Hafnia_(bacterium)
ANTIMICROBIAL SURFACE
ANTIMICROBIAL SURFACE
Male
Portuguese
Portuguese name derived from the name of a Dutch town, from Middle Dutch helldinge, HÉLDER means "slanting surface."
Girl/Female
American, Assamese, British, Celebrity, English, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Sindhi, Telugu
A Small; Natural Hollow on the Surface of the Body; Happy; Dimples
Female
English
 English name derived from the flower name which originally meant "a line of verse engraved on the inner surface of a ring," but later acquired the POSY means "bouquet, flower." Pet form of English Josephine, meaning "(God) shall add (another son)."Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a stone- or bricklayer, from Middle English setter ‘one who lays stones or bricks in building’ (agent derivative of setten ‘to set’).English : occupational name from Old French saietier ‘silk weaver’ (an agent derivative of sayete, a kind of silk).English : from an agent derivative of Middle English setten ‘to place (decoration, on a garment or metal surface)’, probably an occupational name for an embroiderer.German : unexplained.Norwegian : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Means greenery. the lush greenery on the surface of the earth
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Greenery; The Lush Greenery on the Surface of the Earth
Male
Portuguese
Variant spelling of Portuguese Hélder, ÉLDER means "slanting surface."
Boy/Male
Australian, French, German, Italian, Latin, Portuguese, Swiss
Italian Form of Paul; Small; Slanting Surface; Clear
Boy/Male
Australian, Chinese, Dutch, Portuguese
Silver Voice; Hell's Door; Slanting Surface
Boy/Male
Hindu
Means greenery. the lush greenery on the surface of the earth
Surname or Lastname
Jewish (Ashkenazic)
Jewish (Ashkenazic) : occupational name from Yiddish tesler ‘carpenter’. Compare Tesler.German : variant of Teschner.English : from an agent derivative of Old English tǣsel ‘teasel’, hence an occupational name for someone whose job was to brush the surface of newly-woven cloth or to card wood preparatory to spinning, using the dry seed-heads of teasels (a kind of thistle).
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Surface of the Earth
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a sheepshearer or someone who used shears to trim the surface of finished cloth and remove excess nap, from Middle English shereman ‘shearer’.Americanized spelling of German Schuermann.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : occupational name for a tailor, from Yiddish sher ‘scissors’ + man ‘man’.Roger Sherman (1722–93), the only man to sign all three documents at the foundation of the American republic (the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the U.S. Constitution), was born in Newton, MA, a descendant of Capt. John Sherman, who had emigrated in about 1636 to MA from Dedham, Essex, England, where his father was a farmer, following his brother Edmund, who had emigrated two years earlier. A descendant of Edmund Sherman was the U.S. general William Tecumseh Sherman (1820–91), who led the Union march through GA. He was born in Lancaster, OH, the son of a judge; his middle name was bestowed in honor of a Shawnee chieftain.
Surname or Lastname
Dutch and German
Dutch and German : from a Germanic personal name, Halidher, composed of the elements halið ‘hero’ + hari, heri ‘army’, or from another personal name, Hildher, composed of the elements hild ‘strife’, ‘battle’ + the same second element.Dutch and North German : topographic name for someone living on a slope, from Middle Dutch helldinge ‘slanting surface’. Compare Halder.English : from an agent derivative of Old English healdan ‘to hold’, hence a name denoting an occupier or tenant. Compare Holder.English : variant of Hilder.English : possibly a variant of Elder, with the addition of an inorganic initial H-.
ANTIMICROBIAL SURFACE
ANTIMICROBIAL SURFACE
Boy/Male
Norse Scottish
Lawyer.
Girl/Female
Arabic
Woman; Life; Variant of Aisha
Boy/Male
Welsh
Coward.
Girl/Female
Christian, French, German
Pure; Little and Womanly; Female Version of Charles or Carl; Sing
Girl/Female
Assamese, Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu
Goddess Lakshmi; Lotus which is in the Heart of Lord Vishnu
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Priest.German : variant of Brust.
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Telugu
Brief; Swift; Fast
Girl/Female
Latin
Born second.
Female
English
Latin form of Greek Eunike, EUNICE means "good victory." In the New Testament bible, this is the name of Timothy's mother.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Sritej | à®·à¯à®°à¯€à®¤à¯‡à®œ
Radiant light
ANTIMICROBIAL SURFACE
ANTIMICROBIAL SURFACE
ANTIMICROBIAL SURFACE
ANTIMICROBIAL SURFACE
ANTIMICROBIAL SURFACE
v. t.
To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.
n.
A liquid composition applied to a gilded surface to give luster to the gold.
n.
A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.
n.
A viscid liquid, consisting of a solution of resinous matter in an oil or a volatile liquid, laid on work with a brush, or otherwise. When applied the varnish soon dries, either by evaporation or chemical action, and the resinous part forms thus a smooth, hard surface, with a beautiful gloss, capable of resisting, to a greater or less degree, the influences of air and moisture.
n.
A small bladderlike body in the substance of vegetable, or upon the surface of a leaf.
n.
One of the minute papillary processes on certain vascular membranes; a villosity; as, villi cover the lining of the small intestines of many animals and serve to increase the absorbing surface.
a.
Of or pertaining to the lower side or surface of a creeping moss or other low flowerless plant. Opposed to dorsal.
a.
Having the surface covered with a fine and dense silky pubescence; velvety; as, a velutinous leaf.
n.
The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.
n.
A small convex hollow prominence on the surface of a shell or a coral.
n.
A form of machine for dressing the surface of wood, metal, stone, etc.
n.
Any flat, extended surface attached to an axis and moved by the wind; as, the vane of a windmill; hence, a similar fixture of any form moved in or by water, air, or other fluid; as, the vane of a screw propeller, a fan blower, an anemometer, etc.
v. t.
To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
a.
Of or pertaining to that surface of a carpel, petal, etc., which faces toward the center of a flower.
imp. & p. p.
of Surface
n.
To lay varnish on; to cover with a liquid which produces, when dry, a hard, glossy surface; as, to varnish a table; to varnish a painting.
n.
Gold powder for covering varnished surfaces.
a.
Having a brilliantly polished surface, as some leaves.
n.
A ridge or streak rising above the surface, as of cloth; hence, the texture of cloth.
n.
A belly, or protuberant part; a broad surface; as, the venter of a muscle; the venter, or anterior surface, of the scapula.