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Act of modifying the surface of a material
Surface modification is the act of modifying the surface of a material by bringing physical, chemical or biological characteristics different from the
Surface_modification
contact with biological systems. Biocompatibility and applicability of surface modification with current uses of metallic, polymeric and ceramic biomaterials
Surface modification of biomaterials with proteins
Surface_modification_of_biomaterials_with_proteins
Act of intentionally altering or manipulating the weather
Weather modification is the act of intentionally manipulating or altering the weather. The most common form of weather modification is cloud seeding,
Weather_modification
material required. Often modifications to the surface of a biomaterial system are required to maximize performance. The surface can be modified in many
Biomaterial surface modifications
Biomaterial_surface_modifications
Electrical discharge between two electrodes separated by an insulating dielectric barrier
the characteristics of a material surface. The modification can target a change in its hydrophilicity, the surface activation, the introduction of functional
Dielectric_barrier_discharge
Form of the chemical element silicon
methods to fabricate this material.[citation needed] Drying and surface modification might be needed afterwards. If anodization in an aqueous solution
Porous_silicon
Medical product
development of novel bioactive materials. The SBF technique for surface modification of metallic implants is usually a time-consuming process, and obtaining
Simulated_body_fluid
Class of polymeric molecules
attaching cargo onto the dendrimer surface. PAMAM dendrimer applications have generally focused on surface modification, taking advantage of both electrostatic
Poly(amidoamine)
Chemical compound
superconducting tape is used for SPARC, a tokamak fusion reactor design. Surface modification of materials has often led to new and improved properties. Corrosion
Yttrium_barium_copper_oxide
Overview of titanium's biocompatible properties
biocompatibility and, with surface modifications, bioactive surface. The surface characteristics that affect biocompatibility are surface texture, steric hindrance
Titanium_biocompatibility
Class of two-dimensional inorganic compounds
Hu H, Rui X, Lagunas F, Wang D, et al. (August 2020). "Covalent surface modifications and superconductivity of two-dimensional metal carbide MXenes".
MXenes
plasma functionalization) is a method of surface modification employing plasma processing, which improves surface adhesion properties of many materials including
Plasma_activation
Surface coated by antimicrobials to inhibit microbial growth
Based on the physical modification of the surface, an antiviral surface can be designed by decorating micropillars on the surface. Antimicrobial activity
Antimicrobial_surface
it challenging to bond to other materials or to itself. Several surface modification techniques have been developed to promote adhesion with PTFE and
Surface_treatment_of_PTFE
Type of surface modification technique
plasma) is a surface modification technique that uses a low-temperature corona discharge plasma to impart changes in the properties of a surface. The corona
Corona_treatment
systems, biomimetics, micromechanical systems, separation processes, and surface functionalization. pH sensitive polymers can be broken into two categories:
PH-sensitive_polymers
Construction element consisting of at least two glass plates
traditional double-hung frames, though this would require significant modification to the wood frame due to the increased thickness of the IG assembly.
Insulated_glazing
Traditional Japanese wood preservation technique
with the modern thermal wood modification methods used in Europe and elsewhere. However, some studies have shown that surface charring alone does not improve
Yakisugi
Study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases
property Surface modification – Act of modifying the surface of a material Surface metrology – Measurement of small-scale features on surfaces Surface phenomenon –
Surface_science
Consensual alteration of human anatomy
Body modification (or body alteration) is the deliberate altering of the human anatomy or human physical appearance. In its broadest definition it includes
Body_modification
Chemical modification
photoremovable, photosensitive, or photocleavable protecting group) is a chemical modification to a molecule that can be removed with light. PPGs enable high degrees
Photolabile_protecting_group
Functional group at the extremity of an oligomer or other macromolecule
change in the distribution of molecular weights of the polymer. Surface modification has gained a lot of interest in recent years for a variety of applications
End_group
Use of ions to cause chemical changes
surface modification caused by ion implantation includes both a surface compression which prevents crack propagation and an alloying of the surface to
Ion_implantation
Semiconductor material, a surface modification of silicon
a surface modification of silicon with very low reflectivity and correspondingly high absorption of visible (and infrared) light. The modification was
Black_silicon
Industrial and food chemical
grafting, surface nanostructuring, and dynamic surface modification with embedded surfactants can be of use. Solid PDMS samples (whether surface-oxidized
Polydimethylsiloxane
Device placed under human skin for decorative purposes
In body modification, an implant is a device that is placed under the human skin for decorative purposes. Such implants may be subdermal or transdermal
Implant_(body_modification)
Materials scientist and Hong Kong professor
Paul K. Chu (朱劍豪) is a materials scientist specializing in plasma surface modification and materials science. He is a Chair Professor of Materials Engineering
Paul_K._Chu
production process as well as decreased retention and drainage. Surface modification makes paper hydrophobic and oleophilic. This combination allows ink
Surface_chemistry_of_paper
oxygen into the surface creates a higher surface energy allowing the substrate to be coated. Corona treatment is a surface modification method using a
Polymeric_surface
Material composed of nanosized cellulose fibrils
impurities at the surface of nanocellulose such as glucosidic and lignin fragments need to be removed before surface modification to obtain acceptable
Nanocellulose
Temporary orthopaedic devices
additions to Mg alloys refine grains, improve corrosion resistance through modification of the secondary phase distribution, and promote osteogenic activity
Biodegradable magnesium implants
Biodegradable_magnesium_implants
Degradation process of glass
glass surface to moisture, either in solution or from humidity in the atmosphere, causes chemical reactions to occur on and below the surface of the
Glass_disease
Device that creates charged atoms and molecules (ions)
}{}+e^{-}}}} Surface Penning ionization (also known as Auger deexcitation) refers to the interaction of the excited-state gas with a bulk surface S, resulting
Ion_source
Method used to apply surface coatings
deposit conformal films and augment substrate surfaces in ways that more traditional surface modification techniques are not capable of. CVD is extremely
Chemical_vapor_deposition
Plasma in which the pressure equals that of the surrounding atmosphere
wide can be treated today by aligning a number of jets in a row. Surface modification achieved by plasma jets is comparable to the effects obtained with
Atmospheric-pressure_plasma
Glass object created by dripping molten glass into cold water
have a much higher surface compressive stress than previously thought—at up to 700 megapascals (100,000 psi)—but that this surface compressive layer is
Prince_Rupert's_drop
replacement of ions causes the surface of the glass to be in a state of compression and the core in compensating tension. The surface compression of chemically
Chemically_strengthened_glass
Surface hardening process
Carbonitriding is a metallurgical surface modification technique that is used to increase the surface hardness of a metal, thereby reducing wear. During
Carbonitriding
Optical lenses that darken on exposure to certain wavelengths of light
light. With plastic lenses, the material is typically embedded into the surface layer of the plastic in a uniform thickness of up to 150 μm. [citation
Photochromic_lens
Projectile-resistant transparent armor
spall starts in surface flaws caused by bending of the inner, polycarbonate layer and the cracks move “backward” through to the impact surface. It has been
Bulletproof_glass
Salt that has melted, often by heating to high temperatures
martempering of steel. Cyanide and chloride salt mixtures are used for surface modification of alloys such as carburizing and nitrocarburizing of steel. Cryolite
Molten_salt
enriched with WRG coatings prevent water droplets from sticking to the surface due to hydrophobic properties. These properties are achieved through high
Water-repellent_glass
quantum dot surfaces for biocompatibility, in addition to the development of Cd-free quantum dots ("CFQDs"). After a surface modification has been made
DNA-functionalized quantum dots
DNA-functionalized_quantum_dots
Umbrella term covering different chemical reactions
convert oxides to sulfides but is also related to corrosion and surface modification. Sulfidation is relevant to the formation of sulfide minerals. A
Sulfidation
Steel alloy resistant to corrosion
bot: original URL status unknown (link) Liu, Xuan (2017). "Facile Surface Modification of Ubiquitous Stainless Steel Led to Competent Electrocatalysts for
Stainless_steel
Method for producing solid materials from small molecules
have found use in various forms from bulk solid-state components to high surface area forms such as thin films, coatings and fibers. Also, thin films have
Sol–gel_process
Type of translucent glass
sandblasting or acid etching of clear sheet glass. This creates a pitted surface on one side of the glass pane and has the effect of rendering the glass
Frosted_glass
Cleaning method using gas
by plasma activated steel shavings Single Cell Sequencing Surface wetting and modification is a fundamental tool in materials science for enhancing material
Plasma_cleaning
Chemical compound
Marcelis, Antonius T. M; Zuilhof, Han (2014). "Covalent Surface Modification of Oxide Surfaces". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 53 (25): 6322–56
Bicyclohexyl
Material of moderate electrical conductivity
A.; Aminabhavi, Tejraj M. (November 2019). "Band gap tuning and surface modification of carbon dots for sustainable environmental remediation and photocatalytic
Semiconductor
Material
Self-cleaning glass is a specific type of glass with a surface that keeps itself free of dirt and grime. The field of self-cleaning coatings on glass
Self-cleaning_glass
opaque, and has decorative surface patterns molded into it, however, satin glass has a satin, rather than glossy surface. Satin glass is typically tinted
Satin_glass
Presence of functional groups within a molecule
example the functionalisation of a surface (e.g. silanization for the specific modification of the adhesion of a surface) the functionalization of nanoparticles
Functionality_(chemistry)
American physicist (born 1960)
– Science 1992: Near-field optics: microscopy, spectroscopy, and surface modification beyond the diffraction limit, E Betzig, JK Trautman – Science 2006:
Eric_Betzig
Substance engineered for biological medical use
Surface engineering and modification allows clinicians to better control the interactions of a biomaterial with the host living system. The surface of
Biomaterial
American chemical and bioengineer (born 1947)
the understanding of the surface interactions of biological molecules and cells with medical implants. Surface Modification of Polymeric Biomaterials
Buddy_Ratner
Collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface
biochip) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large
DNA_microarray
Chemical compound
N.; Kuchurov, Ilya V.; Muravyev, Nikita V. (January 2022). "HMX surface modification with polymers via sc-CO2 antisolvent process: A way to safe and easy-to-handle
HMX
Excess energy at the surface of a material relative to its interior
occur if the substrate has a much higher surface energy than the liquid. The most commonly used surface modification protocols are plasma activation, wet
Surface_energy
Allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure
residual metal catalysts and carbonaceous byproducts. Surface modification: Non-covalent modification: Wrapping CNTs with biocompatible polymers such as
Carbon_nanotube
Short-term state of the atmosphere
incident at different angles at different times of the year. On Earth's surface, temperatures usually range ±40 °C (−40 °F to 104 °F) annually. Over thousands
Weather
Geology of second planet from the Sun
with only minor modification and resurfacing since.[citation needed] Age estimates based on crater counts indicate a young surface, in contrast to the
Geology_of_Venus
Thin film coating applied to glass
thin film coating applied at high temperatures and sprayed onto the glass surface during the float glass process. Relatively durable coating. Can be tempered
Pyrolytic_coating
State of low thermal energy
Low emissivity (low e or low thermal emissivity) refers to a surface condition that emits low levels of radiant thermal (heat) energy. All materials absorb
Low_emissivity
Type of lithium-ion cell
disproportion. Modification of Al3+ ions also decreased the electrolyte breakdown products that were deposited on LiMn2O4's surface. The surface may be significantly
Lithium ion manganese oxide battery
Lithium_ion_manganese_oxide_battery
Bodily response to the presence of a foreign object
foreign body reaction. Zwitterionic polymers are widely used in surface modification because they can inhibit non-specific protein adhesion. Zwitterionic
Foreign_body_reaction
Type of plastic reinforced by glass fiber
Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) published a November, 2011 modification to its Proposition 65 listing to include only "Glass wool fibers (inhalable
Fiberglass
Branch of chemical engineering
electrowinning and refining of metals, flow batteries and fuel cells, surface modification by electrodeposition, electrochemical separations and corrosion.
Electrochemical_engineering
Modification on an aircraft
kit is a modification on an aircraft to avoid foreign object debris (FOD) damage or ingestion while operating on unpaved surfaces. Modifications generally
Gravel_kit
Surface modification process for textiles
Plasma treatment is a surface modification process for textiles that imparts various functional properties at a lower cost, with fewer chemical adverse
Plasma_treatment_(textiles)
fibrous tissue encapsulation that hinder the functionality, occur. Surface modifications to these implants can help improve the tissue-implant interface
Surface chemistry of neural implants
Surface_chemistry_of_neural_implants
Dealkalization is a process of surface modification applicable to glasses containing alkali ions, wherein a thin surface layer is created that has a lower
Dealkalization
Body modification
where the outline of an angel's wings would be.[citation needed] Body modification Fakir Musafar Modern primitive Play piercing Suspension bondage De Boer
Suspension (body modification)
Suspension_(body_modification)
Transparent non-crystalline solid material
theoretical analysis (see viscosity in solids). Though atomic motion at glass surfaces can be observed, and viscosity on the order of 1017–1018 Pa·s can be measured
Glass
Type of glass
candle flame (or other inefficiently burning hydrocarbon) such that one surface of the sheet of glass is covered in a layer of smoke residue. The glass
Smoked_glass
allyl groups both on the surface and in the bulk. These surface anchors can be used for subsequent direct surface modification or bonding. In later versions
Off-stoichiometry thiol-ene polymer
Off-stoichiometry_thiol-ene_polymer
Maboudian, Molecular vapor deposition (MVD) – a new method for the surface modification of nano-fabricated devices, Hilton Head 2004: A Solid State Sensor
Molecular_vapor_deposition
Standards used to define surface quality
Surface imperfections on optical surfaces such as lenses or mirrors, can be caused during the manufacturing of the part or handling. These imperfections
Surface imperfections (optics)
Surface_imperfections_(optics)
Material made by fusing powdered glass to a substrate by firing
Works Limited. Enamel was used in Iran for colouring and ornamenting the surface of metals by fusing over it brilliant colours that are decorated in an
Vitreous_enamel
High-strength glass, made of silica and boron trioxide
durability, or high light transmission in combination with a pristine surface quality. Other typical applications for different forms of borosilicate
Borosilicate_glass
Science of using a material's refractive index for optical effects
material. Such gradual variation can be used to produce lenses with flat surfaces, or lenses that do not have the aberrations typical of traditional spherical
Gradient-index_optics
Technical applications of optics
of lasers for welding, drilling, cutting, and various methods of surface modification Construction: laser leveling, laser rangefinding, smart structures
Photonics
Qatari scientist
Committee. Lead Guest Editor: International Journal of Polymer Science Surface Modification of Polymer Nano-composite Materials: Techniques, Characterization
Mariam_Al_Maadeed
University". Official University CV Surface modification of silver nanoparticles and their interactions with living cells Surface chemistry of silver nanoparticles
Mustafa_Culha
Surface treatment for biomaterials
vivo. Survival and rejection of an implant are highly dependent on surface modifications that dictate the interfacial interaction between a material and
Bovine submaxillary mucin coatings
Bovine_submaxillary_mucin_coatings
Smallest Galilean moon of Jupiter
Villanueva, Geronimo L. (2025). "JWST Reveals Spectral Tracers of Recent Surface Modification on Europa". The Planetary Science Journal. 6 (5): 125. arXiv:2504
Europa_(moon)
Organic reaction
Pinson, Jean (20 June 2011). "Electrografting: a powerful method for surface modification". Chemical Society Reviews. 40 (7): 3995–4048. doi:10.1039/C0CS00149J
Kolbe_electrolysis
Type of safety glass processed to increase its strength
increase its strength compared with normal glass. Tempering puts the outer surfaces into compression and the interior into tension. Such stresses cause the
Tempered_glass
American specialty chemicals company
Corporation. "Particle Design for Performance". Cabot Corporation. "Surface Modification". OCP Inks. "Aerogel History, Part II". NMC Netlink. "History of
Cabot_Corporation
Material consisting of numerous extremely fine fibers of glass
thermal insulators because of their high ratio of surface area to weight. However, the increased surface area makes them much more susceptible to chemical
Glass_fiber
Glass consisting of pure silica
furnaces. Fused quartz has nearly ideal properties for fabricating first surface mirrors such as those used in telescopes. The material behaves in a predictable
Fused_quartz
Liquid component of blood
concentration to that of human blood plasma. SBF is normally used for the surface modification of metallic implants, and more recently in gene delivery application
Blood_plasma
Attachment of an organosilyl group to some chemical species
Dutschk, Victoria (2012-11-05). "Surface modification of TiO2 nanoparticles with silane coupling agents". Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering
Silanization
portal Weather modification List of weather modification projects in the United States during 2025 Cloud seeding Wind shearing Sea surface temperature Deep
Weather modification in North America
Weather_modification_in_North_America
German union of research bodies
molecular functionalised surfaces" group deals with molecular electronics and spintronics. The second working group "Surface modification with mass-selected
Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering
Leibniz_Institute_of_Surface_Engineering
Group of metalworking techniques
Another recently developed technique is ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification (UNSM). In the UNSM process, not only the static load, but also the
Severe_plastic_deformation
Method of coating solid surfaces
2020. Quintino, Luisa (2014). "Overview of coating technologies". Surface Modification by Solid State Processing. pp. 1–24. doi:10.1533/9780857094698.1
Vacuum_deposition
American academic and researcher
2020-07-12. Maboudian, Roya (1989) I n-Situ Observation of Surface and Near-Surface Modification Using Scattering of Ballistic Phonons. Dissertation (Ph
Roya_Maboudian
Chemical compound
Graham, Thomas (1833). "Researches on the arseniates, phosphates, and modifications of phosphoric acid". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
Sodium_hexametaphosphate
Chemical changes in proteins following their translation from mRNA
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are the covalent processes of changing proteins following their synthesis, and release from ribosomes. PTMs are
Post-translational modification
Post-translational_modification
SURFACE MODIFICATION
SURFACE MODIFICATION
Boy/Male
Irish American English
Surname.
Boy/Male
Indian
Part of Sun
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Surname or Lastname
Probably an Americanized spelling of the Swiss German surname Bunz (see Bunce).English
Probably an Americanized spelling of the Swiss German surname Bunz (see Bunce).English : possibly a variant of Bunt.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish Gaelic
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish American Biblical Hebrew
Surname.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Surface of the Earth
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Surname or Lastname
English (Cumbria and Durham)
English (Cumbria and Durham) : variant spelling of Furness.
Boy/Male
Irish Gaelic
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish American Welsh
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish American Welsh Scandinavian Scottish English
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Irish
Surname.
Boy/Male
Scottish American English
Surname.
SURFACE MODIFICATION
SURFACE MODIFICATION
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Beautiful; Shining Star; One and Only; Sunshine
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Servant of the Comrade / Governor
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Lancashire and Cumbria)
English (chiefly Lancashire and Cumbria) : habitational name from places called Pennington, in Lancashire, Cumbria, and Hampshire. The latter two are so called from Old English pening ‘penny’ (Penny) (used as a byname or from a tribute due on the land) + tūn ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’. The place of this name in the parish of Leigh in Lancashire is recorded in the 13th century as Pinington and Pynington, and may be from Old English Pinningtūn ‘settlement (tūn) associated with a man named Pinna’.
Female
Czechoslovakian
, free.
Girl/Female
American, British, English, Greek, Irish
Christian; Follower of the Christ; Anointed One
Boy/Male
Hindu
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Strong
Male
Hebrew
 Variant form of Hebrew Yitzchak, YITZHAK means "he will laugh."
Girl/Female
Hindu
Offering oblations
Girl/Female
Hindu
SURFACE MODIFICATION
SURFACE MODIFICATION
SURFACE MODIFICATION
SURFACE MODIFICATION
SURFACE MODIFICATION
n.
The exterior part of anything that has length and breadth; one of the limits that bound a solid, esp. the upper face; superficies; the outside; as, the surface of the earth; the surface of a diamond; the surface of the body.
n.
To throw out, or exhale, as from a furnace; also, to put into a furnace.
v. t.
To work over the surface or soil of, as ground, in hunting for gold.
imp. & p. p.
of Surface
v. t.
To name or call by an appellation added to the original name; to give a surname to.
n.
That part of the side which is terminated by the flank prolonged, and the angle of the nearest bastion.
n.
Surface; superficies; externality.
a.
Having the surface smooth and polished; -- said of leaves, the surfaces of shells, etc.
n.
An inclosed place in which heat is produced by the combustion of fuel, as for reducing ores or melting metals, for warming a house, for baking pottery, etc.; as, an iron furnace; a hot-air furnace; a glass furnace; a boiler furnace, etc.
n.
Surface; body; substance.
v. t.
To give a surface to; especially, to cause to have a smooth or plain surface; to make smooth or plain.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Surface
n.
A form of machine for dressing the surface of wood, metal, stone, etc.
n.
Alt. of Serfdom
n.
A magnitude that has length and breadth without thickness; superficies; as, a plane surface; a spherical surface.
n.
Hence, outward or external appearance.
a.
meeting a curve or surface at a point and having at that point the same direction as the curve or surface; -- said of a straight line, curve, or surface; as, a line tangent to a curve; a curve tangent to a surface; tangent surfaces.
n.
An instrument for gauging or testing a plane surface. See Surface gauge, under Surface.