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Act of modifying the surface of a material
Surface modification is the act of modifying the surface of a material by bringing physical, chemical or biological characteristics different from the
Surface_modification
contact with biological systems. Biocompatibility and applicability of surface modification with current uses of metallic, polymeric and ceramic biomaterials
Surface modification of biomaterials with proteins
Surface_modification_of_biomaterials_with_proteins
material required. Often modifications to the surface of a biomaterial system are required to maximize performance. The surface can be modified in many
Biomaterial surface modifications
Biomaterial_surface_modifications
Medical product
development of novel bioactive materials. The SBF technique for surface modification of metallic implants is usually a time-consuming process, and obtaining
Simulated_body_fluid
Overview of titanium's biocompatible properties
biocompatibility and, with surface modifications, bioactive surface. The surface characteristics that affect biocompatibility are surface texture, steric hindrance
Titanium_biocompatibility
Consensual alteration of human anatomy
Body modification (or body alteration) is the deliberate altering of the human anatomy or human physical appearance. In its broadest definition it includes
Body_modification
Form of the chemical element silicon
methods to fabricate this material.[citation needed] Drying and surface modification might be needed afterwards. If anodization in an aqueous solution
Porous_silicon
Study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases
property Surface modification – Act of modifying the surface of a material Surface metrology – Measurement of small-scale features on surfaces Surface phenomenon –
Surface_science
Chemical compound
superconducting tape is used for SPARC, a tokamak fusion reactor design. Surface modification of materials has often led to new and improved properties. Corrosion
Yttrium_barium_copper_oxide
Materials scientist and Hong Kong professor
Paul K. Chu (朱劍豪) is a materials scientist specializing in plasma surface modification and materials science. He is a Chair Professor of Materials Engineering
Paul_K._Chu
Type of surface modification technique
plasma) is a surface modification technique that uses a low-temperature corona discharge plasma to impart changes in the properties of a surface. The corona
Corona_treatment
Act of intentionally altering or manipulating the weather
Weather modification is the act of intentionally manipulating or altering the weather. The most common form of weather modification is cloud seeding,
Weather_modification
Electrical discharge between two electrodes separated by an insulating dielectric barrier
the characteristics of a material surface. The modification can target a change in its hydrophilicity, the surface activation, the introduction of functional
Dielectric_barrier_discharge
Excess energy at the surface of a material relative to its interior
In surface science, surface energy (also interfacial free energy or surface free energy) quantifies the disruption of intermolecular bonds that occurs
Surface_energy
Umbrella term covering different chemical reactions
convert oxides to sulfides but is also related to corrosion and surface modification. Sulfidation is relevant to the formation of sulfide minerals. A
Sulfidation
Functional group at the extremity of an oligomer or other macromolecule
change in the distribution of molecular weights of the polymer. Surface modification has gained a lot of interest in recent years for a variety of applications
End_group
Surface coated by antimicrobials to inhibit microbial growth
antimicrobial surface is coated by an antimicrobial agent that inhibits the ability of microorganisms to grow on the surface of a material. Such surfaces are becoming
Antimicrobial_surface
Class of polymeric molecules
attaching cargo onto the dendrimer surface. PAMAM dendrimer applications have generally focused on surface modification, taking advantage of both electrostatic
Poly(amidoamine)
systems, biomimetics, micromechanical systems, separation processes, and surface functionalization. pH sensitive polymers can be broken into two categories:
PH-sensitive_polymers
plasma functionalization) is a method of surface modification employing plasma processing, which improves surface adhesion properties of many materials including
Plasma_activation
it challenging to bond to other materials or to itself. Several surface modification techniques have been developed to promote adhesion with PTFE and
Surface_treatment_of_PTFE
Traditional Japanese wood preservation technique
with the modern thermal wood modification methods used in Europe and elsewhere. However, some studies have shown that surface charring alone does not improve
Yakisugi
production process as well as decreased retention and drainage. Surface modification makes paper hydrophobic and oleophilic. This combination allows ink
Surface_chemistry_of_paper
Glass with an internal reflective layer
with a variety of techniques, including painting, enameling, etching, and surface engraving. It was intended mainly for export to England, America, and Australia
Silvered_glass
replacement of ions causes the surface of the glass to be in a state of compression and the core in compensating tension. The surface compression of chemically
Chemically_strengthened_glass
Use of ions to cause chemical changes
surface modification caused by ion implantation includes both a surface compression which prevents crack propagation and an alloying of the surface to
Ion_implantation
Device placed under human skin for decorative purposes
In body modification, an implant is a device that is placed under the human skin for decorative purposes. Such implants may be subdermal or transdermal
Implant_(body_modification)
Surface hardening process
Carbonitriding is a metallurgical surface modification technique that is used to increase the surface hardness of a metal, thereby reducing wear. During
Carbonitriding
Projectile-resistant transparent armor
spall starts in surface flaws caused by bending of the inner, polycarbonate layer and the cracks move “backward” through to the impact surface. It has been
Bulletproof_glass
Surface modification process for textiles
Plasma treatment is a surface modification process for textiles that imparts various functional properties at a lower cost, with fewer chemical adverse
Plasma_treatment_(textiles)
American physicist (born 1960)
– Science 1992: Near-field optics: microscopy, spectroscopy, and surface modification beyond the diffraction limit, E Betzig, JK Trautman – Science 2006:
Eric_Betzig
Construction element consisting of at least two glass plates
emissivity glass on surface #2 will add another R-value. Properly designed triple-glazed IGUs with low emissivity coatings on surfaces #2 and #4 and filled
Insulated_glazing
Maboudian, Molecular vapor deposition (MVD) – a new method for the surface modification of nano-fabricated devices, Hilton Head 2004: A Solid State Sensor
Molecular_vapor_deposition
Chemical modification
photoremovable, photosensitive, or photocleavable protecting group) is a chemical modification to a molecule that can be removed with light. PPGs enable high degrees
Photolabile_protecting_group
Thin film coating applied to glass
thin film coating applied at high temperatures and sprayed onto the glass surface during the float glass process. Relatively durable coating. Can be tempered
Pyrolytic_coating
Class of two-dimensional inorganic compounds
Hu H, Rui X, Lagunas F, Wang D, et al. (August 2020). "Covalent surface modifications and superconductivity of two-dimensional metal carbide MXenes".
MXenes
Type of glass
candle flame (or other inefficiently burning hydrocarbon) such that one surface of the sheet of glass is covered in a layer of smoke residue. The glass
Smoked_glass
Material composed of nanosized cellulose fibrils
impurities at the surface of nanocellulose such as glucosidic and lignin fragments need to be removed before surface modification to obtain acceptable
Nanocellulose
Semiconductor material, a surface modification of silicon
a surface modification of silicon with very low reflectivity and correspondingly high absorption of visible (and infrared) light. The modification was
Black_silicon
oxygen into the surface creates a higher surface energy allowing the substrate to be coated. Corona treatment is a surface modification method using a
Polymeric_surface
Third planet from the Sun
being an ocean world, the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water. Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its ocean, which covers
Earth
Method used to apply surface coatings
deposit conformal films and augment substrate surfaces in ways that more traditional surface modification techniques are not capable of. CVD is extremely
Chemical_vapor_deposition
Method for producing solid materials from small molecules
have found use in various forms from bulk solid-state components to high surface area forms such as thin films, coatings and fibers. Also, thin films have
Sol–gel_process
Type of translucent glass
sandblasting or acid etching of clear sheet glass. This creates a pitted surface on one side of the glass pane and has the effect of rendering the glass
Frosted_glass
Degradation process of glass
glass surface to moisture, either in solution or from humidity in the atmosphere, causes chemical reactions to occur on and below the surface of the
Glass_disease
Industrial and food chemical
grafting, surface nanostructuring, and dynamic surface modification with embedded surfactants can be of use. Solid PDMS samples (whether surface-oxidized
Polydimethylsiloxane
enriched with WRG coatings prevent water droplets from sticking to the surface due to hydrophobic properties. These properties are achieved through high
Water-repellent_glass
opaque, and has decorative surface patterns molded into it, however, satin glass has a satin, rather than glossy surface. Satin glass is typically tinted
Satin_glass
quantum dot surfaces for biocompatibility, in addition to the development of Cd-free quantum dots ("CFQDs"). After a surface modification has been made
DNA-functionalized quantum dots
DNA-functionalized_quantum_dots
Device that creates charged atoms and molecules (ions)
}{}+e^{-}}}} Surface Penning ionization (also known as Auger deexcitation) refers to the interaction of the excited-state gas with a bulk surface S, resulting
Ion_source
Dealkalization is a process of surface modification applicable to glasses containing alkali ions, wherein a thin surface layer is created that has a lower
Dealkalization
Geology of second planet from the Sun
The geology of Venus is the scientific study of the surface, crust, and interior of the planet Venus. Within the Solar System, it is the one nearest to
Geology_of_Venus
Standards used to define surface quality
Surface imperfections on optical surfaces such as lenses or mirrors, can be caused during the manufacturing of the part or handling. These imperfections
Surface imperfections (optics)
Surface_imperfections_(optics)
Allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure
residual metal catalysts and carbonaceous byproducts. Surface modification: Non-covalent modification: Wrapping CNTs with biocompatible polymers such as
Carbon_nanotube
German union of research bodies
The Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering e.V. (abbreviation: IOM) is a publicly funded research organisation based in Leipzig, Germany. It is a member
Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering
Leibniz_Institute_of_Surface_Engineering
Synthetic polymer
heating, decomposes and exposes primary amines, providing a basis for surface modification. The structure of PMCC is based on a PMMA backbone with different
PMCC_polymer
Branch of chemical engineering
electrowinning and refining of metals, flow batteries and fuel cells, surface modification by electrodeposition, electrochemical separations and corrosion,
Electrochemical_engineering
This page contains a list of body modifications. Body piercing – permanent placement of jewelry through an artificial fistula; sometimes further modified
List_of_body_modifications
Plasma in which the pressure equals that of the surrounding atmosphere
wide can be treated today by aligning a number of jets in a row. Surface modification achieved by plasma jets is comparable to the effects obtained with
Atmospheric-pressure_plasma
Cleaning method using gas
by plasma activated steel shavings Single Cell Sequencing Surface wetting and modification is a fundamental tool in materials science for enhancing material
Plasma_cleaning
Chemical changes in proteins following their translation from mRNA
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are the covalent processes of changing proteins following their synthesis, and release from ribosomes. PTMs are
Post-translational modification
Post-translational_modification
State of low thermal energy
Low emissivity (low e or low thermal emissivity) refers to a surface condition that emits low levels of radiant thermal (heat) energy. All materials absorb
Low_emissivity
Bodily response to the presence of a foreign object
foreign body reaction. Zwitterionic polymers are widely used in surface modification because they can inhibit non-specific protein adhesion. Zwitterionic
Foreign_body_reaction
are in wound healing, killing of oral bacteria, and in controlled surface modification of heat-sensitive materials. The plasma pencil was invented by Mounir
Plasma_pencil
Glass object created by dripping molten glass into cold water
have a much higher surface compressive stress than previously thought—at up to 700 megapascals (100,000 psi)—but that this surface compressive layer is
Prince_Rupert's_drop
Tendency of a liquid surface to shrink to reduce surface area
Surface tension is the energy per unit area due to having a surface in a liquid. It has the dimension of force per unit length, or energy per unit area
Surface_tension
Presence of functional groups within a molecule
example the functionalisation of a surface (e.g. silanization for the specific modification of the adhesion of a surface) the functionalization of nanoparticles
Functionality_(chemistry)
Material of moderate electrical conductivity
A.; Aminabhavi, Tejraj M. (November 2019). "Band gap tuning and surface modification of carbon dots for sustainable environmental remediation and photocatalytic
Semiconductor
Modification on an aircraft
kit is a modification on an aircraft to avoid foreign object debris (FOD) damage or ingestion while operating on unpaved surfaces. Modifications generally
Gravel_kit
Type of lithium-ion cell
disproportion. Modification of Al3+ ions also decreased the electrolyte breakdown products that were deposited on LiMn2O4's surface. The surface may be significantly
Lithium ion manganese oxide battery
Lithium_ion_manganese_oxide_battery
Chemical compound
Marcelis, Antonius T. M; Zuilhof, Han (2014). "Covalent Surface Modification of Oxide Surfaces". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 53 (25): 6322–56
Bicyclohexyl
Type of safety glass processed to increase its strength
increase its strength compared with normal glass. Tempering puts the outer surfaces into compression and the interior into tension. Such stresses cause the
Tempered_glass
University". Official University CV Surface modification of silver nanoparticles and their interactions with living cells Surface chemistry of silver nanoparticles
Mustafa_Culha
fields of application: surface metrology, precise probe positioning, automatic surface characterization, automatic surface modification/stimulation, automatic
Feature-oriented_scanning
Group of metalworking techniques
Another recently developed technique is ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification (UNSM). In the UNSM process, not only the static load, but also the
Severe_plastic_deformation
allyl groups both on the surface and in the bulk. These surface anchors can be used for subsequent direct surface modification or bonding. In later versions
Off-stoichiometry thiol-ene polymer
Off-stoichiometry_thiol-ene_polymer
Substance engineered for biological medical use
Surface engineering and modification allows clinicians to better control the interactions of a biomaterial with the host living system. The surface of
Biomaterial
Collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface
biochip) is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Scientists use DNA microarrays to measure the expression levels of large
DNA_microarray
Salt that has melted, often by heating to high temperatures
martempering of steel. Cyanide and chloride salt mixtures are used for surface modification of alloys such as carburizing and nitrocarburizing of steel. Cryolite
Molten_salt
Glass consisting of pure silica
furnaces. Fused quartz has nearly ideal properties for fabricating first surface mirrors such as those used in telescopes. The material behaves in a predictable
Fused_quartz
Physical process
Electrowetting is the modification of the wetting properties of a surface (which is typically hydrophobic) with an applied electric field. The electrowetting
Electrowetting
Technical applications of optics
of lasers for welding, drilling, cutting, and various methods of surface modification Construction: laser leveling, laser rangefinding, smart structures
Photonics
Cayley nodal cubic surface, a certain cubic surface with 4 nodes Cayley's ruled cubic surface Clebsch surface or Klein icosahedral surface Fermat cubic Monkey
List of complex and algebraic surfaces
List_of_complex_and_algebraic_surfaces
David A. Hammer (Professor of Nuclear Energy Engineering)
repetitive pulse studies at Cornell and was also used for materials surface modification by a spin-off company from Sandia National Laboratories. In 1989
David_A._Hammer
Iron-based alloy resistant to rust and corrosion
bot: original URL status unknown (link) Liu, Xuan (2017). "Facile Surface Modification of Ubiquitous Stainless Steel Led to Competent Electrocatalysts for
Stainless_steel
Type of plastic reinforced by glass fiber
into short lengths and drops it into a jet of resin, projected onto the surface of a mold), or in an intermediary step, to manufacture fabrics such as
Fiberglass
application focus areas Formulation Technologies Interfacial and Surface Modification Technologies Nanotechnology and Structured Materials Controlled Delivery
Institute for Surface Chemistry
Institute_for_Surface_Chemistry
Beam of cluster ions
beams (GCIB) is a technology for nano-scale modification of surfaces. It can smooth a wide variety of surface material types to within an angstrom of roughness
Gas_cluster_ion_beam
Optical lenses that darken on exposure to certain wavelengths of light
light. With plastic lenses, the material is typically embedded into the surface layer of the plastic in a uniform thickness of up to 150 μm. [citation
Photochromic_lens
Chemical modification refers to a number of various processes involving the alteration of the chemical constitution or structure of molecules. Chemical
Chemical_modification
Temporary orthopaedic devices
the 1990s and particularly during the 2000s as advances in alloy design, surface engineering, and characterisation techniques made controlled degradation
Biodegradable magnesium implants
Biodegradable_magnesium_implants
Process that alters fiber properties
Isolating plant fiber by rotting all else Plasma treatment (textiles) – Surface modification process for textiles Blackburn, Richard (2005-11-30). Biodegradable
Cottonization
fibrous tissue encapsulation that hinder the functionality, occur. Surface modifications to these implants can help improve the tissue-implant interface
Surface chemistry of neural implants
Surface_chemistry_of_neural_implants
American chemist and professor (born 1966)
spectral denoising and data science, spectroscopic ellipsometry, surface modification and characterization, chromatographic materials, and long-term optical
Matthew_Linford
American chemical company
incorporate OMNOVA chemicals include stain, rust and aging resistance; surface modification; gloss; softness or hardness; dimensional stability; high heat and
OMNOVA_Solutions
Chemical compound
N.; Kuchurov, Ilya V.; Muravyev, Nikita V. (January 2022). "HMX surface modification with polymers via sc-CO2 antisolvent process: A way to safe and easy-to-handle
HMX
portal Weather modification List of weather modification projects in the United States during 2025 Cloud seeding Wind shearing Sea surface temperature Deep
Weather modification in North America
Weather_modification_in_North_America
Metal treatment process
process used to increase the thickness of the natural oxide layer on the surface of metal parts. The process is called anodizing because the part to be
Anodizing
Body modification
where the outline of an angel's wings would be.[citation needed] Body modification Fakir Musafar Modern primitive Play piercing Suspension bondage De Boer
Suspension (body modification)
Suspension_(body_modification)
Method for introducing foreign atoms into materials
ion implantation (PIII) or pulsed-plasma doping (pulsed PIII) is a surface modification technique of extracting the accelerated ions from the plasma by applying
Plasma-immersion ion implantation
Plasma-immersion_ion_implantation
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