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Short chains of 2–50 amino acids
bacterial/antibiotic peptides, fungal peptides, invertebrate peptides, amphibian/skin peptides, venom peptides, cancer/anticancer peptides, vaccine peptides, immune/inflammatory
Peptide
Gastrointestinal peptide hormone involved in glucose homeostasis
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a 30- or 31-amino-acid-long peptide hormone deriving from tissue-specific posttranslational processing of the proglucagon
Glucagon-like_peptide-1
Covalent bond between amino acids in a protein chain
In organic chemistry, a peptide bond is an amide type of covalent chemical bond linking two consecutive alpha-amino acids from C1 (carbon number one)
Peptide_bond
Production of peptides
chemistry, peptide synthesis is the production of peptides, compounds where multiple amino acids are linked via amide bonds, also known as peptide bonds.
Peptide_synthesis
Class of peptides that have antimicrobial activity
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also called host defence peptides (HDPs) are part of the innate immune response found among all classes of life. Fundamental
Antimicrobial_peptides
Peptide used as medication
Peptide therapeutics are peptides or polypeptides (oligomers or short polymers of amino acids) which are used for the treatment of diseases. Naturally
Peptide_therapeutics
A peptide library is a tool for studying proteins. Peptide libraries typically contain a large number of peptides that have a systematic combination of
Peptide_library
Form of computing using molecular biology
Peptide computing is a form of computing which uses peptides, instead of traditional electronic components. The basis of this computational model is the
Peptide_computing
Short peptide present at N-terminal of newly synthesized proteins
A signal peptide (sometimes referred to as signal sequence, targeting signal, localization signal, localization sequence, transit peptide, leader sequence
Signal_peptide
Chemical compound
Copper peptide GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper complex of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine. The tripeptide has strong affinity for copper(II)
Copper_peptide_GHK-Cu
Secondary metabolides
Nonribosomal peptides (NRP) are a class of peptide secondary metabolites, usually produced by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. Nonribosomal peptides are
Nonribosomal_peptide
Insulin production indicator protein
The connecting peptide, or C-peptide, is a short 31-amino-acid polypeptide that connects insulin's A-chain to its B-chain in the proinsulin molecule.
C-peptide
Analytical technique in biology
A peptide biosensor is a type of biosensor that uses peptides or short amino acid fragments as the biorecognition element in detecting a specific analyte
Peptide_biosensor
HIV entry inhibitor discovered in 1986
Peptide T is an HIV entry inhibitor discovered in 1986 by Candace Pert and Michael Ruff, a US neuroscientist and immunologist. Peptide T, and its modified
Peptide_T
Class of peptides
2A peptides are a class of 18–22 aa-long peptides, which can induce ribosomal skipping during translation of a protein in a biological cell. These peptides
2A_peptides
Hormone whose molecules are peptides
Peptide hormones are hormones composed of peptide molecules. These hormones influence the endocrine system of animals, including humans. Most hormones
Peptide_hormone
Class of anti-diabetic and anti-obesity medication
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, also known as GLP-1 agonists, GLP-1RAs, and informally as simply GLP-1s, are a class of medications
GLP-1_receptor_agonist
Peptide released from cells in the ileum and colon in response to feeding
Peptide YY (PYY), also known as peptide tyrosine tyrosine, is a peptide that in humans is encoded by the PYY gene. Peptide YY is a short (36-amino acid)
Peptide_YY
Hormone secreted in the heart
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), also known as B-type natriuretic peptide, is a peptide hormone secreted by cardiomyocytes in the heart ventricles in
Brain_natriuretic_peptide_32
The peptide-loading complex (PLC) is a short-lived, multisubunit membrane protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It orchestrates
Peptide-loading_complex
Cardiac hormone which increases renal sodium excretion
Atrial natriuretic peptide (natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) or atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a natriuretic peptide hormone secreted from the cardiac
Atrial_natriuretic_peptide
Peptide PHI, also known as peptide histidine isoleucine, is a peptide which functions as a hormone. This peptide contains a composition of 27 amino acids
Peptide_PHI
Class of amino acids
A D-peptide is a short sequence of D-amino acids connected by peptide bonds. Since ribosomes are specific to L-amino acids, the vast majority of naturally
D-peptide
Organic molecules
Self-assembling peptides are a category of peptides which undergo spontaneous assembly into ordered nanostructures. Originally described in 1993, these
Self-assembling_peptide
Family of amino acids linked to savoury taste
Umami peptides are a family of small to medium length polypeptides found in a variety of savoury foods, which impart an umami taste. They are best known
Umami_peptide
Class of peptides that bind to opioid receptors
Opioid peptides or opiate peptides are peptides that bind to opioid receptors in the brain; opiates and opioids mimic the effect of these peptides. Such
Opioid_peptide
A stapled peptide is a modified peptide (class A peptidomimetic), typically in an alpha-helical conformation, that is constrained by a synthetic brace
Stapled_peptide
Gastrin-releasing peptide GRP, is a neuropeptide, a regulatory molecule encoded in the human by the GRP gene. GRP has been implicated in a number of physiological
Gastrin-releasing_peptide
Neuropeptide
Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) is a neuropeptide that when infused into the mesodiencephalic ventricle of recipient rabbits induces spindle and delta
Delta-sleep-inducing_peptide
In bio-informatics, a peptide-mass fingerprint or peptide-mass map is a mass spectrum of a mixture of peptides that comes from a digested protein being
Peptide-mass_fingerprint
Hormone that affects blood pressure / heart rate
intestinal peptide, also known as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide or VIP, is a peptide hormone that is vasoactive in the intestine. VIP is a peptide of 28
Vasoactive_intestinal_peptide
Biological molecule
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is an artificially synthesized polymer similar to DNA or RNA. Synthetic peptide nucleic acid oligomers have been used in recent
Peptide_nucleic_acid
Macedonian American chemist
Rockefeller University. Her research considers peptide synthesis. She discovered the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and uncovered its role in glucose metabolism
Svetlana_Mojsov
Commercial production of peptides
Custom peptide synthesis is the commercial production of peptides for use in biochemistry, biology, biotechnology, pharmacology and molecular medicine
Custom_peptide_synthesis
Peptide synthesis molecule
In solid phase peptide synthesis, a linker is a molecule that connects the solid phase (a beaded resin support) to the growing peptide chain. The linker
Linker_(peptide_synthesis)
A peptide microarray (also commonly known as peptide chip or peptide epitope microarray) is a collection of peptides displayed on a solid surface, usually
Peptide_microarray
p3 peptide also known as amyloid β- peptide (Aβ)17–40/42 is the peptide resulting from the α- and γ-secretase cleavage from the amyloid precursor protein
P3_peptide
Biochemical method in mass spectrometry
In mass spectrometry, de novo peptide sequencing is the method in which a peptide amino acid sequence is determined from tandem mass spectrometry. Knowing
De_novo_peptide_sequencing
Peptide amphiphiles (PAs) are peptide-based molecules that self-assemble into supramolecular nanostructures including; spherical micelles, twisted ribbons
Peptide_amphiphile
Biomolecule consisting of chains of amino acid residues
be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues
Protein
Protein of the immune system
I MHC molecules bind peptides generated mainly from the degradation of cytosolic proteins by the proteasome. The MHC I: peptide complex is then inserted
MHC_class_I
In enzymology, a peptide deformylase (EC 3.5.1.88) is an enzyme that removes the formyl group from the N terminus of nascent polypeptide chains in eubacteria
Peptide_deformylase
A peptide sequence tag is a piece of information about a peptide obtained by tandem mass spectrometry that can be used to identify this peptide in a protein
Peptide_sequence_tag
Hormone used in regulating the cardiovascular system
types of natriuretic peptides: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). Two minor hormones
Natriuretic_peptide
Start of a polypeptide
free amine group (-NH2) located at the end of a polypeptide. Within a peptide, the amine group is bonded to the carboxylic group of another amino acid
N-terminus
Analytical technique for protein identification
Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF), also known as protein fingerprinting, is an analytical technique for protein identification in which the unknown protein
Peptide_mass_fingerprinting
Peptide chains which contain a circular sequence of bonds
Cyclic peptides are polypeptide chains which contain a circular sequence of bonds. This can be through a connection between the amino and carboxyl ends
Cyclic_peptide
Peptide plane flipping is a type of conformational change that can occur in proteins by which the dihedral angles of adjacent amino acids undergo large-scale
Peptide_plane_flipping
Type of peptide chain
A target peptide is a short (3-70 amino acids long) peptide consensus sequence that directs the transport of a protein to a specific region in the cell
Target_peptide
Russian gerontologist (1946–2024)
classes of peptide bioregulators as well as for the development of bioregulating peptide therapy. He was engaged in studying of the role of peptides in regulation
Vladimir_Khavinson
Type of Insect peptide
Paralytic peptides are a family of short (23 amino acids) insect peptides that halt metamorphosis of insects from larvae to pupae. These peptides contain
Paralytic_peptides
Protein family
In molecular biology, the Signal Peptide Peptidase (SPP) is a type of protein that specifically cleaves parts of other proteins. It is an intramembrane
Signal_peptide_peptidase
Enzyme that cleaves other proteins into smaller peptides
spurring the formation of new protein products. They do this by cleaving the peptide bonds within proteins by hydrolysis, a reaction where water breaks bonds
Protease
Peptide signaling plays a significant role in various aspects of plant growth and development and specific receptors for various peptides have been identified
Plant_peptide_hormone
To identify peptides binding a target
identify peptides which bind to a particular molecular target. The process utilizes two main components: an immobilized target and a peptide library in
MRNA_display
Organic chemistry
Bailey peptide synthesis is a name reaction in organic chemistry developed 1949 by J. L. Bailey. It is a method for the synthesis of a peptide from α-amino
Bailey_peptide_synthesis
Peptide in Homo sapiens
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a 33 amino acid peptide with the sequence HADGSFSDEMNTILDNLAARDFINWLIQTKITD (see Proteinogenic amino acid) in humans
Glucagon-like_peptide-2
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
incretin, is to stimulate insulin secretion. GIP, along with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), belongs to a class of molecules (incretins) which stimulate
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
Gastric_inhibitory_polypeptide
Chemical compound
Beefy meaty peptide, also known as delicious peptide and abbreviated as BMP, is an 8-amino acid long peptide that has been identified as giving a beefy
Beefy_meaty_peptide
Group of peptides found in plants
CLE peptides (CLAVATA3/Embryo Surrounding Region-Related) are a group of peptides found in plants that are involved with cell signaling. Production is
CLE_peptide
Group of antimicrobial peptides in vertebrates
antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) is an antimicrobial peptide encoded in the human by the CAMP gene. The active form is LL-37, a 37 amino acid peptide having sequence
Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide
Cathelicidin_antimicrobial_peptide
Cell surface receptors
Signaling peptide receptor is a type of receptor which binds one or more signaling peptides or signaling proteins. An example is the tropomyosin receptor
Signaling_peptide_receptor
Receptor activated by peptide hormone GLP-1
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) found on beta cells of the pancreas and on neurons of the brain. It
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor
Glucagon-like_peptide-1_receptor
Class of peptides derived from β-amino acids
Beta-peptides (β-peptides) are peptides derived from β-amino acids, in which the amino group is attached to the β-carbon (i.e. the carbon two atoms away
Beta-peptide
22-amino acid residue peptide
Mast cell degranulating (MCD) peptide is a cationic 22-amino acid residue peptide, which is a component of the venom of the bumblebee (Megabombus pennsylvanicus)
MCD_peptide
Pro-gastrin-releasing-peptide, also known as Pro-GRP, is a gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) precursor, a neurotransmitter that belongs to the bombesin-related
Pro-gastrin-releasing-peptide
Pharmaceutical compound
Peptide 021 (Ac-DGGLAG-NH2, P021, GLXC-21260) is a synthetic peptide derivative that is derived from a 4-amino acid active fragment of ciliary neurotrophic
Peptide_021
Academic journal
Journal of Peptide Science is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal, published since 1995 by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the European Peptide Society
Journal_of_Peptide_Science
Class of compounds designed to mimic features of peptides
to mimic a peptide. They typically arise either from modification of an existing peptide, or by designing similar systems that mimic peptides, such as peptoids
Peptidomimetic
Peptide-based subunit vaccine which immunizes an organism against a pathogen
Peptide-based synthetic vaccines (epitope vaccines) are subunit vaccines made from peptides. The peptides mimic the epitopes of the antigen that triggers
Peptide_vaccine
Protein which after translation is cleaved into one or more smaller proteins
protein precursor, also called a pro-protein or pro-peptide, is an inactive protein (or peptide) that can be turned into an active form by post-translational
Protein_precursor
PeptideAtlas is a proteomics data resource that gathers tandem mass spectrometry datasets from around the world, reprocesses them with the Trans-Proteomic
PeptideAtlas
\rightleftharpoons } 5-oxoprolyl-peptide + NH3 or L-glutamyl-peptide ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 5-oxoprolyl-peptide + H2O Hence, this enzyme has
Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase
Glutaminyl-peptide_cyclotransferase
Hypothetical stage in the early evolutionary history of life on Earth
(from peptides) and a RNA (from nucleotides). In this Peptide-RNA World scenario, RNA would have contained the instructions for life, while peptides (simple
RNA_world
Cellular process of protein synthesis
acid chain. The addition of an amino acid occurs at the C-terminus of the peptide; thus, translation is said to be amine-to-carboxyl directed. The mRNA carries
Translation_(biology)
Asparagine peptide lyase are one of the seven groups in which proteases, also termed proteolytic enzymes, peptidases, or proteinases, are classified according
Asparagine_peptide_lyase
Competence stimulating peptides (CSP) are chemical messengers that assist the initiation of quorum sensing, and exist in many bacterial genera. Bacterial
Competence stimulating peptide
Competence_stimulating_peptide
Anti-obesity medication
BRINP2-related peptide (BRP) is a synthetic peptide that displays anti-obesity action similar to semaglutide. It does this without significant muscle loss
BRINP2-related_peptide
Mixture of peptides and proteins derived from animals
fibrils into smaller peptides; depending on the physical and chemical methods of denaturation, the molecular weight of the peptides falls within a broad
Gelatin
Organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic groups
give a vast array of peptides and proteins assembled by ribosomes. Non-proteinogenic amino acids may arise through nonribosomal peptide synthesis. Modified
Amino_acid
Hormone found in humans
Calcitonin gene-related peptide 2 (CGRP2), also called calcitonin related polypeptide beta, is a hormone that in humans is encoded by the CALCB gene (previously
Calcitonin gene-related peptide 2
Calcitonin_gene-related_peptide_2
Peptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA
(mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a 16-amino-acid peptide that in humans is encoded by the mitochondrial MT-RNR1 gene, with the amino
MOTS-c
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
acid peptide C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). Natriuretic peptides comprise a family of 3 structurally related molecules: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Natriuretic peptide precursor C
Natriuretic_peptide_precursor_C
Class of peptides
Chemerin peptides are short peptides (on the order of 9 amino acids) that are produced from the carboxyl terminus of the chemokine chemerin. Chemerin
Chemerin_peptide
Linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein
Protein primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein. By convention, the primary structure of a protein is reported
Protein_primary_structure
Opioid antagonist peptide selective for the mu receptor
CTAP is an opioid antagonist peptide, which is an analogue of somatostatin. It displays high selectivity for the mu-opioid receptor. CTAP is described
CTAP_(peptide)
Class of chemical compounds
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), also known as ribosomal natural products, are a diverse class of natural products
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides
Ribosomally_synthesized_and_post-translationally_modified_peptides
Chemical compound
scavenger in peptide synthesis. It can also act as a mild reducing agent. In peptide synthesis, TIPS is used as a scavenger for peptide groups being removed
Triisopropylsilane
Stable isotope standards and capture by anti-peptide antibodies (SISCAPA) is a mass spectrometry method for measuring the amount of a protein in a biological
Stable isotope standards and capture by anti-peptide antibodies
Stable_isotope_standards_and_capture_by_anti-peptide_antibodies
Base-labile protecting group
base-labile amine protecting group used in organic synthesis, particularly in peptide synthesis. It is popular for its stability toward acids and hydrolysis
Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl protecting group
Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl_protecting_group
Class of enzymes
In enzymology, a peptide-transporting ATPase (EC 3.6.3.43) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + H2O + peptidein ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons
Peptide-transporting_ATPase
Indian pharmaceutical company
active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), advanced intermediates, and peptide APIs. Its shares are traded on the Bombay Stock Exchange and the National
Neuland_Laboratories
Natural water-soluble glycoprotein
Silk peptides, also known as silk amino acids (SAAs), are a water-soluble mixture of short to medium chain peptides and glycoproteins derived from hydrolysis
Silk_peptides
Peptide hormone involved in appetite regulation
1999. The hormone name is based on its role as a growth hormone-releasing peptide, with reference to the Proto-Indo-European root gʰre-, meaning "to grow"
Ghrelin
Peptides released by neurons as intercellular messengers
not possess neurons, use peptides for cell-to-cell communication in a way similar to the neuropeptides of higher animals. Peptide signals play a role in
Neuropeptide
Quantification of biomolecules via mass spectrometry without using chemical labels
approach includes detecting peptides, matching the corresponding peptides across multiple LC-MS data, selecting discriminatory peptides. Intact protein expression
Label-free_quantification
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), now properly known as BB2 is a G protein-coupled receptor whose endogenous ligand is gastrin releasing peptide. In humans
Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor
Gastrin-releasing_peptide_receptor
Anti-obesity medication
Orforglipron — brand name Foundayo — is an oral, non-peptide, small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist developed as a weight loss drug by Eli Lilly and Company
Orforglipron
Chemical compound
Lone Star Peptide Co., Aesthetic Envy Cosmetic Centers, Striker Pharmacy, Texas Peptides, Astra LLC (Astra Peptides), and Legendary Peptides. Retatrutide
Retatrutide
Hormone found in humans
Calcitonin gene-related peptide 1 (CGRP1), also called calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha, is a hormone that in humans is encoded by the CALCA gene
Calcitonin gene-related peptide 1
Calcitonin_gene-related_peptide_1
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