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Clade of eukaryotes containing land plants and some algae
Archaeplastida (pronounced /ɑːrkɪˈplæstɪdə/) or archaeplastids, sometimes also regarded as the kingdom Plantae sensu lato ("plants in a broad sense"),
Archaeplastida
Clade of eukaryotes
The CAM clade is a clade containing the Archaeplastida (Plantae sensu lato) and the clade Pancryptista (which, in turn, contains Cryptista and Microheliella
CAM_(clade)
Clade of archaeplastids including green algae and the land plants
the largest group within the predominantly photosynthetic superclade Archaeplastida, with around half a million known species that include all green algae
Viridiplantae
Clade of eukaryotes
forming the clade called Pancryptista, which would be sister to the Archaeplastida, forming the CAM clade. Yazaki, E; Yabuki, A; Imaizumi, A; Kume, K;
Pancryptista
Division of plant life
agreement for monophyly in the Archaeplastida (including red algae). However, other studies have suggested Archaeplastida is paraphyletic. As of January 2020[update]
Red_algae
Plant cell organelles that perform photosynthesis and store starch
primary endosymbiosis event occurred about 1.5 billion years ago in the Archaeplastida clade—land plants, red algae, green algae and glaucophytes—probably
Plastid
Clade of eukaryotes
century that revealed a close relationship between the supergroups Archaeplastida (or plants in a broad sense), Haptista, Cryptista, and SAR (Stramenopiles
Diaphoretickes
Eukaryotic supergroup that comprises stramenopiles, alveolates and rhizarians
Alveolata and Stramenopiles in Halvaria, as sister to Rhizaria. Amoebozoa Archaeplastida Excavata Opisthokonta As a formal taxon, Sar has only its first letter
SAR_(clade)
Kingdom of organisms
Viridiplantae, along with the red algae and the glaucophytes, in the clade Archaeplastida. There are about 380,000 known species of plants, of which the majority
Plant
Group including fungi, animals and various protozoa
many exceptions), are often referred to as bikonts. Bikonts include Archaeplastida (plants and relatives) and SAR supergroup, the Cryptista, Haptista,
Amorphea
Group of eukaryotes
and related forms) and Amoebozoa, and a bikont was the ancestor of Archaeplastida (plants and relatives), Excavata, Rhizaria, and Chromalveolata. Cavalier-Smith
Bikont
Domain of life whose cells have nuclei
chloroplasts, and resulted in the evolution of the photosynthetic clade Archaeplastida, which includes all green algae, red algae, glaucophytes and land plants
Eukaryote
Parasitic disease caused by a protozoan
in the supergroups Excavata, Amoebozoa, Harosa (SAR supergroup), and Archaeplastida. Species classified as "protozoa" are eukaryotic organisms that are
Protozoan_infection
Division of algae
(green algae and land plants), they form the primary algae clade Archaeplastida. The glaucophytes are of interest to biologists studying the evolution
Glaucophyte
Classification of eukaryotes
clade Opisthokonta also contains the animals and the fungi, and the Archaeplastida also contains plants. Thomas Cavalier-Smith and his collaborators use
Protist_classification
Group of eukaryotic organisms
former are a sister group to the SAR group, the latter cluster with the Archaeplastida (plants in the broad sense). The katablepharids are closely related
Chromalveolata
Informal classification rank for living beings
traditional supergroups were considered: Amoebozoa, Opisthokonta, "Excavata", Archaeplastida, "Chromalveolata" and Rhizaria. Since then, the eToL has been rearranged
Supergroup_(biology)
Group of protists with at least one whip-like appendage
life cycle stages, is given below (see also the article flagellum): Archaeplastida: most green algae (zoospores and male gametes, except in Zygnematophyceae)
Flagellate
Phylum of protists
Cryptista is a phylum of alga-like eukaryotes. It is most likely related to Archaeplastida, which includes plants and many algae, within the larger group Diaphoretickes
Cryptista
Diverse group of photosynthetic organisms
two-membraned chloroplasts seem to form a paraphyletic group within the clade Archaeplastida, other algae with chloroplasts that have three or more membranes evolved
Algae
Eukaryotes other than animals, plants or fungi
supergroups, many of them containing disparate forms. For example, the Archaeplastida includes mostly phototrophs like red and green algae, from which land
Protist
Paraphyletic group of eukaryotes
glaucophyte algae, form the supergroup Primoplantae, also known as Archaeplastida or Plantae sensu lato. The ancestral green alga was a unicellular flagellate
Green_algae
Proposed eukaryotic kingdom
clade, but may be associated with the Archaeplastida. Cryptista specifically may be sister or part of Archaeplastida, though this could be an artefact due
Chromista
Overview of and topical guide to life forms
(slime-molds) Archamoebae Lobosa Protamoebae Bikonta Apusozoa Excavata Archaeplastida (plants, broadly defined) Glaucophyta – glaucophytes Rhodophyceae –
Outline_of_life_forms
Species of edible alga
in the red seaweed Chondrus crispus shed light on evolution of the Archaeplastida". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (13): 5247–5252
Chondrus_crispus
Clade of eukaryotes
relatives belong to the Opisthokonta supergroup, while plants compose the Archaeplastida supergroup. There are several protist-only supergroups, such as the
Podiata
Clade of archaeplastids
Hashimoto, Tetsuo; Inagaki, Yuji (2022-04-13). "The closest lineage of Archaeplastida is revealed by phylogenomics analyses that include Microheliella maris"
Rhodaria_(protist)
Phylum of marine unicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes
a single species, Picomonas judraskeda. They probably belong in the Archaeplastida as sister of the Rhodophyta. They were formerly placed within the
Picozoa
Single-celled organisms
FLAGELLATE/AMOEBOID PROTOZOA Diaphoretickes Cryptista PROTISTS (algae) Archaeplastida Rhodophyta (multicellular red algae) PROTISTS (red algae) Picozoa PROTISTS
Protozoa
Large, unicellular species of algae
Valonia ventricosa Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Clade: Viridiplantae Division: Chlorophyta Class: Ulvophyceae Order:
Valonia_ventricosa
Matter with biological processes
Yabuki, Akinori; Imaizumi, Ayaka; et al. (2022). "The closest lineage of Archaeplastida is revealed by phylogenomics analyses that include Microheliella maris"
Life
Clade consisting of the charophyte algae and land plants
Zygnematophyceae Coleochaetophyceae Embryophyta (land plants) Source: Archaeplastida Adl et al. 2005 Chloroplastida Adl et al. 2005 (Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith
Streptophyta
Biological kingdom
Microheliella Cryptista Palpitomonas Katablepharidida Cryptomonada Archaeplastida (plants sensu lato) Picozoa Rhodophyta (red algae) Rhodelphidia Glaucophyta
Animal
Taxonomic rank
Viridiplantae. The Cavalier-Smith system controversially equates "Plantae" with Archaeplastida, a group containing Viridiplantae and the algal Rhodophyta and Glaucophyta
Phylum
Together with land plants, green algae, and red algae, they form the clade Archaeplastida, and are important to studying its evolutionary history. Gloeochaete
Gloeochaete
Second period of the Neoproterozoic Era, with major glaciation
ending the bacterial dominance of the oceans. The unicellular algae (Archaeplastida) went through a big bang of diversification, and their population went
Cryogenian
First period of the Mesozoic Era
soil anoxia as oxygen levels plummeted. Before the Permian extinction, Archaeplastida (red and green algae) had been the major marine phytoplanktons since
Triassic
Biological process to convert light into chemical energy
organisms excluded: The glaucophytes and the red and green algae—clade Archaeplastida (uni- and multicellular) The cryptophytes—clade Cryptista (unicellular)
Photosynthesis
Clade of protists
morphologies. SAR is currently placed in the Diaphoretickes along with Archaeplastida, Cryptista, Haptista, and several minor clades. Historically, many rhizarians
Rhizaria
Topics referred to by the same term
developing eggs CAM (clade), under Diaphoretickes, consisting of Cryptista, Archaeplastida, Microheliella maris Complementary and alternative medicine Camelopardalis
Cam
Organism belonging to kingdom Fungi
Microheliella Cryptista Palpitomonas Katablepharidida Cryptomonada Archaeplastida (plants sensu lato) Picozoa Rhodophyta (red algae) Rhodelphidia Glaucophyta
Fungus
A protist is any eukaryotic organism (that is, an organism whose cells contain a cell nucleus) that is not an animal, plant, or fungus. While it is likely
Protists_in_the_fossil_record
Supergroup of eukaryotic microbes
than to Metamonada, Discoba, Sar, Telonemia, Haptista, Pancryptista, Archaeplastida, Amoebozoa, Obazoa, CRuMs, Ancyromonadida, or Malawimonadida. Earlier
Disparia
System that relates geologic strata to time
eukaryotes as oxygen levels increase. All major modern day clades, including Archaeplastida (e.g. red and green algae), Opisthokonta (e.g. fungi) and Amoebozoa
Geologic_time_scale
Superkingdom of eukaryotes
Euglenozoa and allies Neokaryotes Amorphea (inc. animals, fungi) SAR Archaeplastida (inc. plants) (+cyanobacterium) (+alphaproteobacterium) (+proteobacterium)
Metakaryota
First period of the Mesoproterozoic Era
the supercontinent Columbia ← “Gaoyuzhuang biota” emerges, earliest Archaeplastida? Events of the Calymmian Period Vertical axis scale: Millions of years
Calymmian
Subclade of green plants, also known as land plants
Microheliella Cryptista Palpitomonas Katablepharidida Cryptomonada Archaeplastida (plants sensu lato) Picozoa Rhodophyta (red algae) Rhodelphidia Glaucophyta
Embryophyte
This is a list of model organisms used in scientific research. Phages (infecting prokaryotes): Escherichia virus Lambda (Phage lambda) Phi X 174, the first
List_of_model_organisms
Group of microorganisms with two flagella
Microheliella Cryptista Palpitomonas Katablepharidida Cryptomonada Archaeplastida (plants sensu lato) Picozoa Rhodophyta (red algae) Rhodelphidia Glaucophyta
Apusomonad
Species of green alga
microscope view Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Clade: Viridiplantae Division: Chlorophyta Class: Trebouxiophyceae Order:
Chlorella_vulgaris
Group of flagellates
includes telonemids, while Cryptista is more closely related to the Archaeplastida clade, which includes red algae, green algae, plants, glaucophytes and
Katablepharid
Species of chlorophyte green alga
(Sowerby, 1790-1814) Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Clade: Viridiplantae Division: Chlorophyta Class: Ulvophyceae Order:
Ulva_lactuca
Species of protist
Hashimoto, Tetsuo; Inagaki, Yuji (2022-04-13). "The closest lineage of Archaeplastida is revealed by phylogenomics analyses that include Microheliella maris"
Tetradimorpha_pterbica
Group of single-celled microbes
Microheliella Cryptista Palpitomonas Katablepharidida Cryptomonada Archaeplastida (plants sensu lato) Picozoa Rhodophyta (red algae) Rhodelphidia Glaucophyta
Discoba
Reproductive structure in flowering plants
Plant intelligence Plant pathology Plant physiology Plant groups Algae Archaeplastida Bryophyte Non-vascular plants Vascular plants Fern Lycophyte Spermatophytes
Flower
Genus of red algae
Galdieria Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Division: Rhodophyta Class: Cyanidiophyceae Order: Cyanidiales Family: Galdieriaceae
Galdieria
Species of algae
Lake Akan in Japan Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Clade: Viridiplantae Division: Chlorophyta Class: Ulvophyceae Order:
Marimo
Class of parasitic alveolates
Microheliella Cryptista Palpitomonas Katablepharidida Cryptomonada Archaeplastida (plants sensu lato) Picozoa Rhodophyta (red algae) Rhodelphidia Glaucophyta
Squirmid
Underground stem in which various plants asexually reproduce via budding
Plant intelligence Plant pathology Plant physiology Plant groups Algae Archaeplastida Bryophyte Non-vascular plants Vascular plants Fern Lycophyte Spermatophytes
Rhizome
Species of red algae
Minerva aenigmata Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Division: Rhodophyta Class: Bangiophyceae Order: Bangiales Family: Bangiaceae
Minerva_aenigmata
Clade of protists
Graham, L.E. (July 2008). "EEF2 analysis challenges the monophyly of Archaeplastida and Chromalveolata". PLOS ONE. 3 (7) e2621. doi:10.1371/journal.pone
Halvaria
Clade containing animals and some protists
Microheliella Cryptista Palpitomonas Katablepharidida Cryptomonada Archaeplastida (plants sensu lato) Picozoa Rhodophyta (red algae) Rhodelphidia Glaucophyta
Holozoa
Species of alga
within sea salt Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Clade: Viridiplantae Division: Chlorophyta Class: Chlorophyceae Order:
Dunaliella_salina
Genus of seaweed
(front), in Heligoland Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Division: Rhodophyta Class: Bangiophyceae Order: Bangiales Family: Bangiaceae
Porphyra
Clade of eukaryotes
Microheliella Cryptista Palpitomonas Katablepharidida Cryptomonada Archaeplastida (plants sensu lato) Picozoa Rhodophyta (red algae) Rhodelphidia Glaucophyta
Stramenopile
List of tallest living trees, by species
Plant intelligence Plant pathology Plant physiology Plant groups Algae Archaeplastida Bryophyte Non-vascular plants Vascular plants Fern Lycophyte Spermatophytes
List_of_tallest_trees
Class of enzymes
peroxygenases or isomerases. CYP71–99, CYP701–CYP999, ...: Plants (Archaeplastida) CYP101–299, ... Bacteria The taxonomic group blocks are defined for
Cytochrome_P450
Genus of protists
ancestor with other early-diverging eukaryotic groups, including the Archaeplastida and the SAR supergroup (Stramenopiles, Alveolata, Rhizaria). Classification
Palpitomonas
Species of seaweed
Pyropia haitanensis Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Division: Rhodophyta Class: Bangiophyceae Order: Bangiales Family: Bangiaceae
Pyropia_haitanensis
Phylum of single-celled organisms
Microheliella Cryptista Palpitomonas Katablepharidida Cryptomonada Archaeplastida (plants sensu lato) Picozoa Rhodophyta (red algae) Rhodelphidia Glaucophyta
Radiolaria
Phylum of microbes in Provora
Microheliella Cryptista Palpitomonas Katablepharidida Cryptomonada Archaeplastida (plants sensu lato) Picozoa Rhodophyta (red algae) Rhodelphidia Glaucophyta
Nibblerid
Clade of seed plants that produce flowers
v t e Classification of Archaeplastida or Plantae s.l. Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista
Flowering_plant
Phylum of aquatic animals
Microheliella Cryptista Palpitomonas Katablepharidida Cryptomonada Archaeplastida (plants sensu lato) Picozoa Rhodophyta (red algae) Rhodelphidia Glaucophyta
Placozoa
Species of alga
Volvox carteri Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Clade: Viridiplantae Division: Chlorophyta Class: Chlorophyceae Order:
Volvox_carteri
Extinct genus of plants
Litothallus Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Division: Rhodophyta Class: Florideophyceae Order: Hildenbrandiales (?) Genus:
Litothallus
Genus of red algae
Batrachospermum gelatinosum Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Division: Rhodophyta Class: Florideophyceae Order: Batrachospermales
Batrachospermum
Group of protists
Telonemia* Haptista* Haptophyta Centroplasthelida Disparia* Pancryptista* Archaeplastida (plants sensu lato) Other eukaryotes Cladogram of eukaryotes focused
Centrohelid
Genus of algae
pachynema (fig. 7-10) Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Clade: Viridiplantae Division: Chlorophyta Class: Ulvophyceae Order:
Valoniopsis
Species of alga
Lychnothamnus barbatus Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Clade: Viridiplantae Class: Charophyceae Order: Charales Family: Characeae
Lychnothamnus_barbatus
Theoretical clade in the Eukaryota taxonomical domain
Microheliella Cryptista Palpitomonas Katablepharidida Cryptomonada Archaeplastida (plants sensu lato) Picozoa Rhodophyta (red algae) Rhodelphidia Glaucophyta
Scotokaryotes
Species of green algae
Nägeli in 1849) Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Clade: Viridiplantae Division: Chlorophyta Class: Chlorophyceae Order:
Tetradesmus_obliquus
Species of seaweed
Codium dwarkense Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Clade: Viridiplantae Division: Chlorophyta Class: Ulvophyceae Order:
Codium_dwarkense
Species of red algae
Kappaphycus alvarezii Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Division: Rhodophyta Class: Florideophyceae Order: Gigartinales Family:
Kappaphycus_alvarezii
Genus of algae
Melanothamnus Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Division: Rhodophyta Class: Florideophyceae Order: Ceramiales Family: Rhodomelaceae
Melanothamnus
Species of green alga
400× magnification Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Clade: Viridiplantae Division: Chlorophyta Class: Trebouxiophyceae Order:
Chlorella_sorokiniana
Type of storage glucan
UDP-glucose building blocks and cytosolic storage differentiate the Archaeplastida into two groups: the rhodophytes and glaucophytes, which use floridean
Floridean_starch
Species of alga
caliculus (fig. 12-13) Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Clade: Viridiplantae Division: Chlorophyta Class: Ulvophyceae Order:
Acetabularia_caliculus
Clade of plants with xylem and phloem
v t e Classification of Archaeplastida or Plantae s.l. Domain Archaea Bacteria Eukaryota (major groups Metamonada Discoba Diaphoretickes Hacrobia Cryptista
Vascular_plant
Species of seaweed
Caulerpa fergusonii Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Clade: Viridiplantae Division: Chlorophyta Class: Ulvophyceae Order:
Caulerpa_fergusonii
Species of alga
Caulerpa taxifolia Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Clade: Viridiplantae Division: Chlorophyta Class: Ulvophyceae Order:
Caulerpa_taxifolia
Species of algae
from Kewalo, Hawaii Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Clade: Viridiplantae Division: Chlorophyta Class: Ulvophyceae Order:
Caulerpa_sertularioides
Phylum of single-celled organisms
Keitaro; Hashimoto, Tetsuo; Inagaki, Yuji (2022). "The closest lineage of Archaeplastida is revealed by phylogenomics analyses that include Microheliella maris"
Telonemid
Species of alga
Halosaccion glandiforme Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Division: Rhodophyta Class: Florideophyceae Order: Palmariales Family:
Halosaccion_glandiforme
Genus of green algae
Acetabularia Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Clade: Viridiplantae Division: Chlorophyta Class: Ulvophyceae Order: Dasycladales
Acetabularia
Genus of algae
Golenkiniopsis Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Clade: Viridiplantae Division: Chlorophyta Class: Trebouxiophyceae Order:
Golenkiniopsis
Genus of algae
Capsosiphon Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Clade: Viridiplantae Division: Chlorophyta Class: Ulvophyceae Order: Ulotrichales
Capsosiphon
Species of algae
Dumontia contorta Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Division: Rhodophyta Class: Florideophyceae Order: Gigartinales Family:
Dumontia_contorta
Species of alga
Polysiphonia foetidissima Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Division: Rhodophyta Class: Florideophyceae Order: Ceramiales Family:
Polysiphonia_foetidissima
Species of alga
Ceramium cimbricum Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Division: Rhodophyta Class: Florideophyceae Order: Ceramiales Family:
Ceramium_cimbricum
Species of alga
Polysiphonia furcellata Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Clade: Archaeplastida Division: Rhodophyta Class: Florideophyceae Order: Ceramiales Family:
Polysiphonia_furcellata
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ARCHAEPLASTIDA
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