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Synthetic organic molecule or ion that recreates one or more functions of an enzyme
An artificial enzyme, also known as a synthetic enzyme or a synzyme, is a synthetic organic molecule or ion that recreates one or more functions of a
Artificial_enzyme
Class of enzymes that divide DNA
A restriction enzyme, restriction endonuclease, REase, ENase or restrictase is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition
Restriction_enzyme
Materials inspired by natural structures
chemiluminescent systems. Artificial enzymes are synthetic materials that can mimic (partial) function of a natural enzyme without necessarily being a
Biomimetic_material
Enzyme mimic (or Artificial enzyme) is a branch of biomimetic chemistry, which aims at imitating the function of natural enzymes. An enzyme mimic is a
Enzyme_mimic
Chemical compound and enzyme
HRP-like artificial enzymes have been used for many applications, ranging from biomarker detection and tumor immunostaining to antibiofouling. Artificial enzyme
Horseradish_peroxidase
Large biological molecule that acts as a catalyst
An enzyme is a biological macromolecule, usually a protein, that acts as a biological catalyst, accelerating chemical reactions without being consumed
Enzyme
Materials with granular size 1 to 100 nm
healthcare Nanozymes are nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics. They are an emerging type of artificial enzyme, which have been used for wide applications
Nanomaterials
Molecule that blocks enzyme activity
An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and blocks its activity. Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions necessary for
Enzyme_inhibitor
Danish chemist
organic chemist who is mainly known for his work on carbohydrates and artificial enzymes. Mikael Bols was born and grew up in Copenhagen, Denmark. He attended
Mikael_Bols
awarded to Frances H. Arnold "for the directed evolution of enzymes", who elegantly evolved artificial metalloenzymes to realize efficient and highly selective
Artificial_metalloenzyme
Engineered component of a biological cell
non-functional enzyme; that is, an enzyme which metabolizes the substrate into non-active products. When placed within an artificial cell, enzymes can carry
Artificial_cell
Imitation of biological systems for the solving of human problems
Biology portal Ecology portal Technology portal Artificial photosynthesis Artificial enzyme Artificial enzyme § Nanozymes Bioinspiration Bio-inspired computing
Biomimetics
Interdisciplinary branch of biology and engineering
"Major synthetic life breakthrough as scientists make the first artificial enzymes". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on May 26, 2022
Synthetic_biology
Field of chemistry
transition state by the enzymes. Nevertheless, it was not until a few decades later that an artificial enzyme was developed. Early enzyme mimics were based
Supramolecular_catalysis
arbitrary (distinguishable) substituents and stereochemistry? Can artificial enzymes replace the need for protecting groups when modifying sensitive compounds
List of unsolved problems in chemistry
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_chemistry
Artificial intelligence (AI) and its subfields have been used in applications throughout industry and academia. Machine learning has been used for various
Applications of artificial intelligence
Applications_of_artificial_intelligence
Brazilian chemist
2015 when she won an award from L'Oreal and UNESCO for her work on artificial enzymes. Orth was born in about 1984. Her parents were both scientists and
Elisa_Orth
American scientist
cocaine addiction led to the discovery of an artificial enzyme to degrade cocaine. His report on the enzyme, published in Science, was chosen by the American
Donald_Landry
Type of RNA molecules
Ribozymes (ribonucleic acid enzymes) are RNA molecules that have the ability to catalyze specific biochemical reactions, including RNA splicing in gene
Ribozyme
Enzyme
moieties have led to a significant expansion of the field of artificial enzymes or enzyme mimics. Recent results by the group of Rob Liskamp have shown
Catechol_oxidase
Palladium-catalysed substitution reaction
Wu, Fugen; He, Nongyue; Wan, Neng (20 November 2013). "Fluorescent Artificial Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay System Based on Pd/C Nanocatalyst and Fluorescent
Tsuji–Trost_reaction
American biochemist (1920–2007)
almost simultaneously. This can be regarded as the first example of an artificial enzyme, though Neet and Koshland did not use that term. A little later Koshland
Daniel_E._Koshland_Jr.
South Korean organic chemist (born 1955)
been focused on asymmetric organocatalysis, biomimetic catalysis, artificial enzyme, on-water catalysis and on-droplet catalysis. His current research
Choong_Eui_Song
includes asymmetric catalysis and catalytic oxidation, designing (artificial) enzymes, the use of bio-based raw material and development of sustainable
Stratingh Institute for Chemistry
Stratingh_Institute_for_Chemistry
Compounds of carbides and nitrides
Layers Realized in Nanolaminated Ti 3 (Al x Cu 1– x )C 2 and Its Artificial Enzyme Behavior". ACS Nano. 13 (8): 9198–9205. Bibcode:2019ACSNa..13.9198L
MAX_phases
Class of enzymes
researchers have begun work on creating an artificial enzyme capable of producing the same D-amino acids as enzymes from naturally occurring sources. By adding
D-amino_acid_dehydrogenase
Synthetic nucleic acid analogues
1126/science.1217622. PMC 3362463. PMID 22517858. "World's first artificial enzymes created using synthetic biology". Medical Research Council. 1 December
Xeno_nucleic_acid
Eye drops for relieving dryness and irritation in the eye
Artificial tears are lubricating eye drops used to relieve dryness and irritation of the ocular surface. Dry eye syndrome (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)
Artificial_tears
Deliberate use of light to achieve practical or aesthetic effects
achieve practical or aesthetic effects. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination
Lighting
Iranian Biophysicist and chemist
fibrillation, bioactive peptides, nutraceuticals, functional foods and artificial enzyme. He has been selected as the chair of UNESCO Chair on Interdisciplinary
Ali_Akbar_Moosavi-Movahedi
Indian cell biologist, biochemist and associate professor
5301V. doi:10.1038/ncomms6301. PMID 25412933. Govindasamy Mugesh Artificial enzyme India portal Biology portal Medicine portal Please see Selected bibliography
Patrick_D'Silva
Artificial process that uses sunlight energy to drive chemical synthesis
Artificial photosynthesis is a chemical process that biomimics the natural process of photosynthesis. The term artificial photosynthesis is used loosely
Artificial_photosynthesis
Food additive used to change its aroma or taste
ingredients. Other techniques to obtain natural flavorings include the use of enzymes and/or microorganisms. Natural flavorings can also be produced by genetically
Flavoring
Polymer with synthetic molecular receptor
bonding between the template and the matrix. Supercritical CO2 (SFE) Artificial enzyme Sellergren B (2001). Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Man-made mimics
Molecularly_imprinted_polymer
Artificial enzymes
Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) are artificial restriction enzymes generated by fusing a zinc finger DNA-binding domain to a DNA-cleavage domain. Zinc finger-domains
Zinc-finger_nuclease
Synthetically produced liquid that mimics saliva
Newtonian fluid with a higher viscosity than natural human saliva. Enzymes in artificial saliva mimic natural saliva's antimicrobial and digestive functions
Artificial_saliva
American biochemist
imidazole as a model catalyst for shedding light on enzyme action. He also studied artificial enzymes, starting with modified subtilisin in which a serine
Myron_L._Bender
Drug and first antibiotic identified by a deep learning algorithm
Halicin (SU-3327) is an experimental drug that acts as an enzyme inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Originally, it was researched for the treatment
Halicin
Ability of an enzyme to catalyse multiple metabolic reactions simultaneously
artificial gene synthesis, resulting in several ancestral enzymes—dubbed "stemzymes" by some—to be studied. Evidence gained from reconstructed enzyme
Enzyme_promiscuity
Chinese–American chemist and academic (born 1964)
0449634 - CAREER: From Biomimetic Reaction Platforms to Nanostructured Artificial Enzymes". www.nsf.gov. Retrieved November 12, 2025. "Highly Cited Researchers"
Hong-Cai_(Joe)_Zhou
Type of seafood made of starch and finely pulverized whitefish
binding ingredient, such as the enzyme transglutaminase. Crab flavoring is added (natural or more commonly, artificial) and a layer of red food coloring
Crab_stick
Loss of structure in proteins and nucleic acids due to external stress
concentrations of salt, organic solvents, urea, or other chemical agents. Note 3: An enzyme loses its ability to alter or speed up a chemical reaction when it is denaturized
Denaturation_(biochemistry)
Fertility preservation treatment
An artificial ovary is a potential fertility preservation treatment that aims to mimic the function of the natural ovary. Conventional fertility preservation
Artificial_ovary
Spice extracted from Vanilla orchids
Charles François Antoine Morren discovered this and pioneered a method of artificially pollinating the plant. The method proved financially unworkable and was
Vanilla
Enzyme that cleaves other proteins into smaller peptides
A protease (also called a peptidase, proteinase, or proteolytic enzyme) is an enzyme that catalyzes proteolysis, breaking down proteins into smaller polypeptides
Protease
Simulated system used to study chemical processes
An artificial chemistry is a chemical-like system that usually consists of objects, called molecules, that interact according to rules resembling chemical
Artificial_chemistry
PMC 152967. PMID 12642670. Breslow R (1995). "Biomimetic chemistry and artificial enzymes: Catalysis by design". Accounts of Chemical Research. 28 (3): 146–153
Biomimetic_synthesis
American chemist (born 1957)
Hupp collaborated with five NU researchers to attempt to create artificial enzymes to act as catalysts in chemical reactions. Following this, he was
Joseph_Hupp
Combination of chemistry and nanoscience
Hui (2013-06-21). "Nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics (nanozymes): next-generation artificial enzymes". Chemical Society Reviews. 42 (14):
Nanochemistry
Material to regenerate or replace skin
Artificial skin is a collagen scaffold that induces regeneration of skin in mammals such as humans. The term was used in the late 1970s and early 1980s
Artificial_skin
Nanoparticle catalysts
Erkang (2013-06-21). "Nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics (nanozymes): next-generation artificial enzymes". Chemical Society Reviews. 42 (14):
Nanomaterial-based_catalyst
Natural process of hair turning grey or white with age
the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and abnormally low levels of the enzyme catalase, which breaks down hydrogen peroxide and relieves oxidative stress
Greying_of_hair
Topics referred to by the same term
generative artificial intelligence chatbots GPT (OpenAI model), a series of large language models developed by OpenAI ChatGPT, a generative artificial intelligence
GPT
Enzymes from the stomachs of ruminants, used in cheese production
(/ˈrɛnɪt/) is a complex set of enzymes produced in the stomachs of ruminant mammals. Its key component is chymosin, a protease enzyme that curdles the casein
Rennet
Protein that contains a metal ion cofactor
involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Cytochrome P450 enzymes perform the function of inserting an oxygen atom into a C−H bond, an oxidation
Metalloprotein
Directed enzyme prodrug therapy (DEPT) uses enzymes artificially introduced into the body to convert prodrugs, which have no or poor biologically activity
DEPT_(medicine)
Flavorant food additive
Enzyme-modified cheese (EMC) is a concentrated cheese flavour ingredient that is produced from cheese (or its upstream ingredients) by treatment with enzymes
Enzyme-modified_cheese
Group of methods in synthetic biology
Artificial gene synthesis, or simply gene synthesis, refers to a group of methods that are used in synthetic biology to construct and assemble genes from
Artificial_gene_synthesis
Family of translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases
The TET enzymes are a family of ten-eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenases. They are instrumental in DNA demethylation. 5-Methylcytosine
TET_enzymes
American chemist and educator
has also developed computational methods to improve the design of artificial enzymes.[citation needed] In 2020 Ondrechen's research group added a new project
Mary_Jo_Ondrechen
Toxic, waxy organic compound
isoborneol which can be oxidized to give racemic camphor. A biological enzyme has been proposed for producing only the rare (-) or L-camphor. This EstB
Camphor
American protein engineering company
Codexis, Inc. is a protein engineering company that develops enzymes for pharmaceutical, food and medical applications. Codexis is based in Redwood City
Codexis
Reproductive biofluid of male or hermaphroditic animals
through the penis via the urethra. This fluid contains proteolytic and other enzymes as well as fructose, which together promote the survival of spermatozoa
Semen
Enzymes which cleave a nucleotide chain
In molecular biology, endonucleases are enzymes that cleave the phosphodiester bond within a polynucleotide chain (namely DNA or RNA). Some, such as deoxyribonuclease
Endonuclease
Class of enzymes
An amylase (/ˈæmɪleɪs/) is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of starch (Latin amylum) into sugars. Amylase is present in the saliva of humans and
Amylase
Regulation of enzyme activity
regulator (or allosteric modulator) is a substance that binds to a site on an enzyme or receptor distinct from the active site, resulting in a conformational
Allosteric_regulation
Type of artificial cell
A SpudCell is a type of artificial cell claimed as partially capable of metabolism and assisted reproduction. The work was initially reported as a preprint
SpudCell
Chemical compound
Chamazulene has anti-inflammatory properties in vivo and inhibits the CYP1A2 enzyme, but not CYP1A1. The Merck Index, 11th Edition, 2031 Safayhi, H; Sabieraj
Chamazulene
Designer drugs
cannabinoids obtained in laboratory (for example, CBD or synthetic THC) from artificial novel synthetic cannabinoid analog compounds not present in nature (like
Synthetic_cannabinoids
associate professor of Early Medieval History at Durham University 1 June 2017 Enzymes Nigel Richards, Professor of Biological Chemistry at Cardiff University
List of In Our Time programmes
List_of_In_Our_Time_programmes
Substance designed to prevent decomposition
range from inhibiting growth of the bacteria to the inhibition of specific enzymes. The oxidation process spoils most food, especially those with a high fat
Preservative
Venezuelan mathematical biologist
intracellular processes. He has contributed to the theoretical analysis of enzyme kinetics, particularly in the context of the Michaelis–Menten mechanism
Santiago_Schnell
American entrepreneur
propoxylated glycerol (EPG), a fat substitute that resists lipase, the enzyme that breaks down fat in the body, so that little of its caloric content
Peter_Rahal
Substance added to soil to enhance plant growth
often required as co-enzymes for enzymes essential to the plant's metabolism. Because these elements enable catalysts (enzymes), their impact far exceeds
Fertilizer
Online database of enzymes
PMID 34755880. Prešern U, Goličnik M (November 2023). "Enzyme Databases in the Era of Omics and Artificial Intelligence". International Journal of Molecular
Rhea_(database)
System for people with diabetes
term artificial pancreas, but the term has no precise, universally accepted definition. For uses other than automated insulin delivery, see Artificial pancreas
Automated insulin delivery system
Automated_insulin_delivery_system
Institute, La Jolla, California: Towards the design and synthesis of artificial enzymes. Nibaldo C. Inestrosa, Professor of Molecular Neurobiology, Catholic
List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1999
List_of_Guggenheim_Fellowships_awarded_in_1999
Term for a class of cheeses
the milk. Rennet does not need to be used and any "suitable milk-clotting enzyme that produces equivalent curd formation" may be used. One ounce (28 grams)
Romano_cheese
Chemical compound
(4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol). Today, artificial vanillin is made either from guaiacol or lignin. Lignin-based artificial vanilla flavoring is alleged to have
Vanillin
DNA oligonucleotides that can perform a specific chemical reaction
other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA). However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological
Deoxyribozyme
Process of removing a mark or spot
dirt, grass, and clay stains. Ammonium hydroxide and borax are also used. Enzymes are used in "bio" laundry detergents to digest protein-based stains like
Stain_removal
Synthetic material
Artificial cartilage is a synthetic material made of hydrogels or polymers that aims to mimic the functional properties of natural cartilage in the human
Artificial_cartilage
Laboratory technique in bacterial cell biology
enzymes such as nuclease can break it down. In cases where the DNA is extremely similar to the cell's own genetic material, DNA-repairing-enzymes recombine
Calcium chloride transformation
Calcium_chloride_transformation
Short-chain carbohydrates poorly absorbed in the small intestine
of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase may reduce symptoms, assuming the enzyme product does not contain other FODMAPs, such as polyol artificial sweeteners
FODMAP
Reactions describing metabolism
sequence of chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes. In most cases of a metabolic pathway, the product of one enzyme acts as the substrate for the next. However
Metabolic_pathway
Chemical compound
It is asserted to be the first drug generated entirely by generative artificial intelligence to reach phase 3 human clinical trials, and the first to
Rentosertib
Prosthetic devices constructed to replace missing teeth
often and for long periods of time. Other denture cleaning methods include enzymes, ultrasonic cleansers and microwave exposure. A Cochrane Review found that
Dentures
Series of interconnected biochemical reactions
team were able to extract distinct glycolytic enzymes from muscle tissue, and combine them to artificially create the pathway from glycogen to lactic acid
Glycolysis
Genetic disorder of animals
recessive mutation on Chromosome 16 responsible for deficient activity of an enzyme involved in DNA repair (Prkdc or "protein kinase, DNA activated, catalytic
Severe combined immunodeficiency (non-human)
Severe_combined_immunodeficiency_(non-human)
Collection of the total genomic DNA from a single organism
organism's DNA is extracted from cells and then digested with a restriction enzyme to cut the DNA into fragments of a specific size. The fragments are then
Genomic_library
Fungal bioluminescence
wood. The bluish-green glow is attributed to a luciferase, an oxidative enzyme, which emits light as it reacts with a luciferin. The phenomenon has been
Foxfire
Overview of and topical guide to biochemistry
silk In plants: cellulose – lignin – cell wall Enzymes and enzyme activity: enzyme kinetics – enzyme inhibition proteolysis – ubiquitin – proteasome
Outline_of_biochemistry
Class of large biomolecules essential to all known life
Nucleic acids are also generated within the laboratory, through the use of enzymes (DNA and RNA polymerases) and by solid-phase chemical synthesis. Nucleic
Nucleic_acid
Application of engineering principles to biological molecules
diagnostics. The thermodynamics and kinetics of molecular recognition in enzymes, antibodies, DNA hybridization, bio-conjugation/bio-immobilization and
Biomolecular_engineering
Type of α-amino acid
phenylalanine, they can break it down. Through an irreversible reaction, the liver enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. L-Phenylalanine
Phenylalanine
Chemical compound
beverages. The study found "a possible link between the consumption of these artificial colours and a sodium benzoate preservative and increased hyperactivity"
Allura_Red_AC
Biologically active pigment made by bacteria and fungi
blocked by the enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase which prevents the accumulation of HGA. Pyomelanin can be reproduced artificially by mimicking the
Pyomelanin
Enzyme which generates DNA
A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme that uses an RNA molecule as a template to synthesize a complementary DNA molecule, through a process termed
Reverse_transcriptase
Family of glycoside hydrolase enzymes
molecular biology, and other life sciences. An active enzyme may be detected using artificial chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactopyranoside
Β-Galactosidase
Topics referred to by the same term
melting of ice and sometimes contains a lake 5-aminolevulinate synthase, an enzyme expressed in eukaryotes in two forms: ALAS1 and ALAS2 Aluminium arsenide
Alas
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