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Enzymes which cleave a nucleotide chain
In molecular biology, endonucleases are enzymes that cleave the phosphodiester bond within a polynucleotide chain (namely DNA or RNA). Some, such as deoxyribonuclease
Endonuclease
Enzyme involved in DNA repair
Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease is an enzyme that is involved in the DNA base excision repair pathway (BER). Its main role in the repair of damaged
AP_endonuclease
Type of enzyme
The homing endonucleases are a collection of endonucleases encoded either as freestanding genes within introns, as fusions with host proteins, or as self-splicing
Homing_endonuclease
Class of enzymes that divide DNA
A restriction enzyme, restriction endonuclease, REase, ENase or restrictase is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition
Restriction_enzyme
Flap endonucleases (FENs, also known as 5' durgs in older references) are a class of nucleolytic enzymes that act as both 5'-3' exonucleases and structure-specific
Flap_endonuclease
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Flap endonuclease 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FEN1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene removes 5' overhanging "flaps" (or short
Flap structure-specific endonuclease 1
Flap_structure-specific_endonuclease_1
Enzyme
called sticky ends: 5'-A |A G C T T-3' 3'-T T C G A| A-5' Restriction endonucleases are used as defense mechanisms in prokaryotic organisms in the restriction
HindIII
Class of RNA-guided gene editing systems
the TnpB endonuclease. In 2023, the Fanzor endonuclease was discovered in eukaryotic cells, and is generally considered an OMEGA endonuclease. The primary
OMEGA_endonuclease
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Mismatch repair endonuclease PMS2 (postmeiotic segregation increased 2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PMS2 gene. This gene is one of the
Mismatch repair endonuclease PMS2
Mismatch_repair_endonuclease_PMS2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Endonuclease III-like protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NTHL1 gene. As reviewed by Li et al., NTHL1 is a bifunctional DNA glycosylase
NTHL1
Polymerase-endonuclease amplification reaction (PEAR) is a DNA amplification technology for the amplification of oligonucleotides. A target oligonucleotide
Polymerase-endonuclease amplification reaction
Polymerase-endonuclease_amplification_reaction
Protein family
Endonuclease V (endoV) is a highly conserved endonuclease enzyme family. The primary function of endoV differs significantly in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Endonuclease_V
Parts of lagging strand in DNA replication
displaces the RNA/DNA initiator primer into a 5′ flap. The FEN1 5'-3' endonuclease recognizes that the 5' flap is displaced, and it cleaves, creating a
Okazaki_fragments
Microbial protein found in Streptococcus pyogenes M1 GAS
Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) is a DNA cutting endonuclease that is part of the CRISPR immune system in bacteria and archaea. It has been adapted
Cas9
Type of enzyme
intron endonuclease, transfer ribonucleate intron endoribonuclease, tRNA splicing endonuclease, splicing endonuclease, tRNATRPintron endonuclease, transfer
TRNA-intron_endonuclease
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Endonuclease, poly(U) specific is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ENDOU gene. This gene encodes a protein with endoribonuclease activity and
Endonuclease, poly(U) specific
Endonuclease,_poly(U)_specific
Protein family
Holliday junction resolvase, Holliday junction endonuclease, Holliday junction-cleaving endonuclease, Holliday junction-resolving endoribonuclease, crossover
Crossover junction endodeoxyribonuclease
Crossover_junction_endodeoxyribonuclease
Family of enzyme complexes
UvrABC endonuclease is a multienzyme complex in bacteria involved in DNA repair by nucleotide excision repair, and it is, therefore, sometimes called an
UvrABC_endonuclease
Intron-encoded endonuclease I-Sce I is a homing endonuclease. The enzyme is used in biotechnology as a meganuclease. It recognises an 18-base pair sequence
Intron-encoded endonuclease I-SceI
Intron-encoded_endonuclease_I-SceI
Class of mobile genetic elements
RNA/DNA binding protein (ORF1) and a combined reverse transcriptase and endonuclease (ORF2). LINEs are the most abundant transposable element within the human
Long interspersed nuclear element
Long_interspersed_nuclear_element
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Endonuclease G, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ENDOG gene. This protein primarily participates in caspase-independent apoptosis
ENDOG
Step in viral RNA transcription
cap snatching occurs in the nucleus of the cell. The cap snatching endonuclease function is contained in the PA subunit of the RNA polymerase. In Arenaviridae
Cap_snatching
System for fixing base errors of DNA replication
end at the nick. Loaded PCNA then directs the action of the MutLalpha endonuclease to the daughter strand in the presence of a mismatch and MutSalpha or
DNA_mismatch_repair
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
have evolved systems to identify and repair such sites. Class II AP endonucleases cleave the phosphodiester backbone 5' to the AP site, thereby initiating
APEX1
HUH endonucleases (HUH-tags) are sequence-specific single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding proteins originating from numerous species of bacteria and viruses
HUH-tag
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
splicing endonuclease subunit 54 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TSEN54 gene. This gene encodes a subunit of the tRNA splicing endonuclease complex
TSEN54_(gene)
Protein family
molecular biology, the BsuBI/PstI restriction endonuclease family is a family of type II restriction endonucleases. It includes BsuBI and PstI. The enzymes
BsuBI/PstI restriction endonuclease
BsuBI/PstI_restriction_endonuclease
rRNA endonuclease (EC 4.6.1.23, alpha-sarcin) is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester linkage between guanosine and adenosine
RRNA_endonuclease
Class of enzymes
(EC 3.1.31.1, S7 Nuclease, MNase, spleen endonuclease, thermonuclease, nuclease T, micrococcal endonuclease, nuclease T', staphylococcal nuclease, spleen
Micrococcal_nuclease
DNA repair process
inappropriate bases, forming AP sites. These are then cleaved by an AP endonuclease. The resulting single-strand break can then be processed by either short-patch
Base_excision_repair
Enzyme used to distinguish between single and double stranded DNA and RNA
at low salt concentration. Nuclease MB is a specific DNA and RNA exo-endonuclease which will degrade single-stranded extensions from the ends of DNA and
Mung_bean_nuclease
Class of enzymes which cleave nucleic acids
locus of activity. Exonucleases digest nucleic acids from the ends. Endonucleases act on regions in the middle of target molecules. They are further subcategorized
Nuclease
Restriction enzyme
BglII is a type II restriction endonuclease isolated from certain strains of Bacillus globigii. The principal function of restriction enzymes is the protection
BglII
Restriction enzyme
"Bam H one") (from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) is a type II restriction endonuclease, having the capacity for recognizing short sequences (6 bp) of DNA and
BamHI
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
GEN1, Holliday junction 5' flap endonuclease is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GEN1 gene. This gene encodes a member of the Rad2/xeroderma
GEN1, Holliday junction 5' flap endonuclease
GEN1,_Holliday_junction_5'_flap_endonuclease
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
SLX1 structure-specific endonuclease subunit homolog B (S. cerevisiae) is a protein in humans that is encoded by the SLX1B gene. This gene encodes a protein
SLX1 structure-specific endonuclease subunit homolog B (S. cerevisiae)
SLX1_structure-specific_endonuclease_subunit_homolog_B_(S._cerevisiae)
Family of DNA sequences found in prokaryotic organisms
orthologous CRISPR-associated endonucleases that target RNA (unlike Cas9 and Cas12, which target DNA). Cas13 employs a single endonuclease to bind and cleave specific
CRISPR
Restriction enzyme
The restriction endonuclease Fok1, naturally found in Flavobacterium okeanokoites, is a bacterial type IIS restriction endonuclease consisting of an N-terminal
FokI
Differential transmission of genes residing in the same genome
splicing and usually contain endonuclease and splicing activities. The allele without the HEGs are cleaved by the homing endonuclease and the double-strand break
Intragenomic_conflict
DNA repair mechanism
transcription bubble. In addition to stabilizing TFIIH, XPG also has endonuclease activity; it cuts DNA damage on the 3' side while the XPF–ERCC1 heterodimeric
Nucleotide_excision_repair
Restriction enzyme
EcoRV (pronounced "eco R five") is a type II restriction endonuclease isolated from certain strains of Escherichia coli. It has the alternative name Eco32I
EcoRV
Class of enzymes
T4-induced), E. coli endonuclease IV, endodeoxyribonuclease, redoxyendonuclease, deoxriboendonuclease, Escherichia coli endonuclease II, endonuclease II, DNA-adenine-transferase)
Deoxyribonuclease_IV
Protein-coding gene in humans
Endonuclease VIII-like 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NEIL1 gene. NEIL1 belongs to a class of DNA glycosylases homologous to the bacterial
NEIL1
Molecule that carries genetic information
exonucleases, while endonucleases cut within strands. The most frequently used nucleases in molecular biology are the restriction endonucleases, which cut DNA
DNA
Type of genetic engineering
site-specific locations. Programmable molecules called restriction endonucleases, also known as gene editors or molecular scissors, are used to create
Genome_editing
Protein family
biology, enzymes in the DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease family of bacterial and eukaryotic endonucleases EC 3.1.30.- share the following characteristics:
DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
DNA/RNA_non-specific_endonuclease
Protein family
Endonuclease/Exonuclease/phosphatase family is a structural domain found in the large family of proteins including magnesium dependent endonucleases and
Endonuclease/Exonuclease/phosphatase family
Endonuclease/Exonuclease/phosphatase_family
The homing endonucleases are a special type of restriction enzymes encoded by introns or inteins. They act on the cellular DNA of the cell that synthesizes
List of homing endonuclease cutting sites
List_of_homing_endonuclease_cutting_sites
Type of DNA cutting enzyme that uses RNA to target genes of interest
DNA endonuclease, which means it is a type of DNA cutting enzyme that uses RNA to target genes of interest. In bacteria, RNA-guided DNA endonuclease systems
Fanzor
DNA structure
functions associated with transcription factors, DNA replication, and endonuclease activity. These cruciform-binding proteins bind to the base of the stem-loop
Cruciform_DNA
Protein family
Pigmentosum Complementation Group G (XPG) protein. The XPG protein is an endonuclease which repairs DNA damage caused by ultraviolet light (UV light). The
XPG_I_protein_domain
Class of enzymes
Nuclease S1 (EC 3.1.30.1) is an endonuclease enzyme that splits single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and RNA into oligo- or mononucleotides. This enzyme catalyses
Nuclease_S1
Group of methods in synthetic biology
oligonucleotides, mismatch binding enzymes of the mutS family or specific endonucleases from bacteria or phages. Nevertheless, all these strategies increase
Artificial_gene_synthesis
Protein family
mismatch, the VSR endonuclease, which cuts the DNA, and MutL, which recruits the UvrD helicase. VSR (very short patch repair) endonucleases occur in a variety
Very_short_patch_repair
Restriction enzyme
DpnI (pronounced "D-P-N one") is a Type IIM restriction endonuclease isolated from Streptococcus pneumoniae (formerly Diplococcus pneumonae). It recognizes
DpnI
Class of enzymes
marcescens nuclease (EC 3.1.30.2, endonuclease (Serratia marcescens), barley nuclease, plant nuclease I, nucleate endonuclease) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses
Serratia_marcescens_nuclease
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
tRNA-splicing endonuclease subunit Sen34 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TSEN34 gene. tRNA splicing is a fundamental process required for
TSEN34
Investigational drug
Traws Pharma, Inc. for the treatment of influenza. It is a cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor. Tivoxavir marboxil the prodrug form of tivoxavir. The carbonate
Tivoxavir_marboxil
Mobile genetic element found in prokaryotes
Replicative integration. Blue arrow = Transposon, Green triangle = Endonuclease recognition site
Tn3_transposon
Restriction enzyme
PstI is a type II restriction endonuclease isolated from the Gram negative species, Providencia stuartii. PstI cleaves DNA at the recognition sequence
PstI
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
humans is encoded by the RNASEH1 gene. The RNase H1 is a non-specific endonuclease and catalyzes the cleavage of RNA via a hydrolytic mechanism. GRCh38:
RNASEH1
Class of enzymes
TRNase Z (EC 3.1.26.11, 3 tRNase, tRNA 3 endonuclease, RNase Z, 3' tRNase) is an enzyme that, among other things, catalyses the reactions involved in the
Ribonuclease_Z
Ends of DNA molecules
themselves belong to a larger class of enzymes called exonucleases and endonucleases. A restriction enzyme that cuts the backbones of both strands at non-adjacent
Sticky_and_blunt_ends
Homing endonuclease
I-CreI is a homing endonuclease whose gene was first discovered in the chloroplast genome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a species of unicellular green
I-CreI
Endonuclease that cuts a single DNA strand
A nicking enzyme (or nicking endonuclease) is an enzyme that cuts only one strand of a double-stranded DNA or RNA molecule at a specific recognition nucleotide
Nicking_enzyme
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
tRNA-splicing endonuclease subunit Sen2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TSEN2 gene. tRNA splicing is a fundamental process required for cell
TSEN2
Japanese biochemist
Mukai won the agricultural chemistry prize (Japan) for A Digestive Endonuclease of Silkworm in 1967. Mukai is a co-author of Fritz Albert Lipmann. Mukai
Jun-Ichiro_Mukai
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Endonuclease/exonuclease/phosphatase family domain containing 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EEPD1 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000122547
Endonuclease/exonuclease/phosphatase family domain containing 1
Endonuclease/exonuclease/phosphatase_family_domain_containing_1
restriction enzymes. Among meganucleases, the LAGLIDADG family of homing endonucleases has become a valuable tool for the study of genomes and genome engineering
Meganuclease
Science of classifying organisms
sequences of proteins DNA hybridization DNA and RNA sequences Restriction endonuclease analyses Other molecular differences Behavioral characters Courtship
Taxonomy_(biology)
Topics referred to by the same term
homed on Homing (hematopoietic), a process of cellular migration Homing endonuclease, a type of enzyme Homing (horse), a racehorse Homing (mechanical), moving
Homing
longer sequences are more practical for mapping reads uniquely. The endonucleases (discussed below) used to produce PETs give longer tags (18/20 base
Paired-end_tag
Class of enzymes which cleave RNA
enzyme which is a type of ribonuclease (an RNA cleaver), itself a type of endonuclease (a nucleotide cleaver). It cleaves either single-stranded or double-stranded
Endoribonuclease
Field of study
detection assays used methylation modification sensitive restriction endonucleases. Genomic DNA was digested with both methylation-sensitive and insensitive
Epigenomics
Chytrid fungal species
TnpB is also considered the putative ancestor of Cas12, an RNA-guided endonuclease utilized in the CRISPR-Cas system. This suggests a connection between
Spizellomyces_punctatus
DNA-editing technology
protein 12a, previously Cpf1) is a Class II Type V CRISPR-associated endonuclease-exonuclease. In bacteria such as F. novicida, its natural context, Cas12a
Cas12a
Way to propagate genes throughout a population
recombination. To achieve this behavior, endonuclease gene drives consist of two nested elements: An endonuclease that selectively cuts at the "target sequence"
Gene_drive
Restriction enzyme
NdeI is an endonuclease isolated from Neisseria denitrificans. In molecular biology, it is commonly used as a restriction enzyme. Recognition sequence
NdeI
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
that in humans is encoded by the FAN1 gene. It is a structure dependent endonuclease. It is thought to play an important role in the Fanconi Anemia (FA) pathway
FAN1
Medical condition
a monofunctional glycosylase to produce an abasic site (AP site). AP endonuclease 1 makes incision at the 5′-side of the AP site to generate an abasic
Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 1
Ataxia_with_oculomotor_apraxia_type_1
Restriction enzyme
EcoRII (pronounced 'eco R two') is an Restriction endonuclease enzyme (REase) of the restriction modification system (RM) naturally found in Escherichia
R.EcoRII
nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (7): 1805–12. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg274
List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: Bsa–Bso
List_of_restriction_enzyme_cutting_sites:_Bsa–Bso
Defense system in bacteria and archaea
restriction endonucleases, which cleave double-stranded DNA at specific points into fragments, which are then degraded further by other endonucleases. This
Restriction modification system
Restriction_modification_system
Restriction enzyme
contains the PD..D/EXK motif within its active site like many restriction endonucleases. The enzyme is a homodimer of a 31 kilodalton subunit consisting of
EcoRI
Genetic segments that can enhance their own transmission at the expense of other genes
homozygote bearing a copy of the homing endonuclease on both homologous chromosomes. This gives homing endonucleases an allele frequency dynamics rather similar
Selfish_genetic_element
Protein family
DNA-glycosylase, endonuclease V, deoxyribonucleate pyrimidine dimer glycosidase, pyrimidine dimer DNA glycosylase, T4-induced UV endonuclease, PD-DNA glycosylase)
Deoxyribodipyrimidine endonucleosidase
Deoxyribodipyrimidine_endonucleosidase
Protein family
In molecular biology, the DpnII restriction endonuclease family is a family of restriction endonucleases which includes DpnII from Diplococcus pneumoniae
DpnII restriction endonuclease family
DpnII_restriction_endonuclease_family
Realm of viruses
surrounds the genome. In addition to the MCP, microviruses encode an endonuclease that is involved in rolling circle replication (RCR) of the genome. Most
Volvereviria
Antiparallel Antisense Antisense RNA Antisense strand Antisense therapy AP endonuclease AP site Apert syndrome Apoptosis Applied genetics Arg Arrayed library
Index_of_genetics_articles
Medical condition multisystem disorder
short distance on either side of the site of damage. It then acts as an endonuclease to incise the damaged DNA strand on the 5' side of the damaged site.
Xeroderma_pigmentosum
Class of enzymes; type of nuclease
bonds at either the 3′ or the 5′ end occurs. Its close relative is the endonuclease, which cleaves phosphodiester bonds in the middle (endo) of a polynucleotide
Exonuclease
Method in molecular biology
subsequent step. The genome is then cut into fragments with a restriction endonuclease. The size of restriction fragments determines the resolution of interaction
Chromosome conformation capture
Chromosome_conformation_capture
provides a systematic quantitation of star activity of DNA restriction endonucleases". Nucleic Acids Research. 36 (9): e50. doi:10.1093/nar/gkn182. PMC 2396408
Star_activity
nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (7): 1805–12. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg274
List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: A
List_of_restriction_enzyme_cutting_sites:_A
Enzyme found in humans
binding RNA binding nuclease activity ribonucleoprotein complex binding endonuclease activity hydrolase activity ATP binding identical protein binding Cellular
Ribonuclease_L
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
SAE2, SCKL2, retinoblastoma binding protein 8, RB binding protein 8, endonuclease External IDs OMIM: 604124; MGI: 2442995; GeneCards: RBBP8 Available structures
RBBP8
Set of methods in molecular biology
bacteria restricted the growth of bacteriophage, isolated restriction endonucleases, enzymes that could cleave DNA molecules only when specific DNA sequences
Molecular_cloning
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Nei endonuclease VIII-like 3 (E. coli) is a protein in humans that is encoded by the NEIL3 gene. NEIL3 belongs to a class of DNA glycosylases homologous
NEIL3
Antiviral medication
functions as enzyme inhibitor, targeting the influenza virus' cap-dependent endonuclease activity, used in "cap snatching" by the virus' polymerase complex, a
Baloxavir_marboxil
French geneticist
any ambiguity, in 1985, that the omega protein was a double-strand DNA endonuclease, as was predicted by the model 12 years ago. This nuclease took afterwards
Bernard_Dujon
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