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Process which distributes thermal energy about Earth's surface
Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air and together with ocean circulation it is the means by which thermal energy is redistributed
Atmospheric_circulation
Theorerical model of air flow in the atmosphere
Walker circulation remained steady between 1871 and 2008. Atmospheric circulation Earth's atmosphere Bureau of Meteorology. "The Walker Circulation". Commonwealth
Walker_circulation
Astrophysical model
The atmospheric circulation on exoplanets refers to the large-scale movement of air masses on planets orbiting stars other than the Sun (exoplanets).
Atmospheric circulation of exoplanets
Atmospheric_circulation_of_exoplanets
caps, leading to variable atmospheric circulation. The atmosphere of Triton also supports the formation of thin atmospheric haze and clouds, both of which
Climate_of_Triton
adjacent sea in all seasons. The two permanent atmospheric pressures that influence the atmospheric circulation of Vietnam are the equatorial low pressure
Climate_of_Vietnam
American mathematician (1917–2008)
titled "The Nature and Theory of the General Circulation of the Atmosphere", on atmospheric circulation from an energetic perspective, which advanced
Edward_Norton_Lorenz
Tropical atmospheric circulation feature
The Hadley cell, also known as the Hadley circulation, is a global-scale tropical atmospheric circulation that features air rising near the equator, flowing
Hadley_cell
Gas layer surrounding Earth
is the mirage. Atmospheric circulation is the large-scale movement of air through the troposphere, and the means (with ocean circulation) by which heat
Atmosphere_of_Earth
Fluid flow that occurs due to heterogeneous fluid properties and body forces
with the much slower (lagged) ocean circulation system. The large-scale structure of the atmospheric circulation varies from year to year, but the basic
Convection
Paleoclimatological hypothesis
range, the monsoon circulation would have been substantially weakened. Higher elevations may have intensified the atmospheric circulation by maximizing the
Pangean_megamonsoon
several similarities to Earth's, including clouds, rainfall, lakes, atmospheric circulation, and seasonal changes, although methane and other hydrocarbons
Climate_of_Titan
2 °F) in 24 hours, an increase of 57 °C (103 °F). circulation Common short form of atmospheric circulation. cirrocumulus (Cc) A genus of cloud with both stratiform
Glossary_of_meteorology
Atmospheric circulation pattern
Brewer–Dobson circulation refers to the global atmospheric circulation pattern of tropical tropospheric air rising into the stratosphere and then moving
Brewer–Dobson_circulation
type of climate is explained by the geographical location and atmospheric circulation characteristic of the Leningrad region. This is due to the relatively
Climate_of_Saint_Petersburg
Region with higher atmospheric pressure
between the relatively larger-scale dynamics of an entire planet's atmospheric circulation. The strongest high-pressure areas result from masses of cold air
High-pressure_area
Layer of gases surrounding an astronomical body held by gravity
magnetosphere. The further a body is from its star, the lower the rate of atmospheric stripping. Aside from Mercury, all Solar System planets have substantial
Atmosphere
Short-term state of the atmosphere
between polar and tropical air gives rise to the largest scale atmospheric circulations: the Hadley cell, the Ferrel cell, the polar cell, and the jet
Weather
System of surface and deep currents in the Atlantic Ocean
evaporated moisture in the Atlantic is swiftly carried away by atmospheric circulation before it can fall back as rain. Trade winds move this moisture
Atlantic meridional overturning circulation
Atlantic_meridional_overturning_circulation
Narrow corridor of concentrated moisture in the atmosphere
An atmospheric river (AR) is a narrow corridor or filament of concentrated moisture in the atmosphere. Other names for this phenomenon are tropical plume
Atmospheric_river
State where a planet's atmosphere rotates faster than the planet itself
a model where Venus is assumed to have an atmospheric mass similar to Earth, subsolar-antisolar circulation could have dominated over super-rotation in
Atmospheric_super-rotation
Meteorological event
equatorial Pacific, accompanied by notable changes in the tropical atmospheric circulation. This includes alterations in wind patterns, pressure, and rainfall
2020–2023_La_Niña_event
Physical quantity that expresses hot and cold in the atmosphere
Atmospheric temperature is a measure of temperature at different levels of the Earth's atmosphere. It is governed by many factors, including incoming
Atmospheric_temperature
Layer of an atmosphere where the bulk gases are homogeneously mixed
horizontally. At higher altitudes, other atmospheric circulation regimes exist, such as the Brewer-Dobson circulation in the terrestrial stratosphere, which
Homosphere
Flooding in southern China
The Pearl River (or Zhujiang) Basin is one of China's largest river basins, located in South China within total area approximately 453,700 square kilometers
Flooding_of_the_Pearl_River
Semi-permanent low-pressure system located near the Aleutian Islands
largest atmospheric circulation patterns in the Northern Hemisphere and represents one of the "main centers of action in atmospheric circulation." The Aleutian
Aleutian_Low
generation, conversion and dissipation of energy in the general atmospheric circulation. It is named after the meteorologist Edward N. Lorenz who worked
Lorenz_energy_cycle
Large scale rotating air mass
kloʊn/) is a large air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure, counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in
Cyclone
Elongated region of high atmospheric pressure
elongated area of relatively high atmospheric pressure compared to the surrounding environment, without being a closed circulation. It is associated with an area
Ridge_(meteorology)
Body of salt water covering most of Earth
operating on the water, such as temperature and salinity differences, atmospheric circulation (wind), and the Coriolis effect. Tides create tidal currents, while
Ocean
Topics referred to by the same term
up circulation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Circulation may refer to: Atmospheric circulation, the large-scale movement of air Circulation (physics)
Circulation
Seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation
in precipitation, but now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscillation
Monsoon
Third planet from the Sun
rises and is replaced by cooler, higher-density air. The result is atmospheric circulation that drives the weather and climate through redistribution of thermal
Earth
Region of Southeast Asia
(June 1968). "Role of a tropical "maritime continent" in the atmospheric circulation". Monthly Weather Review. 96 (6): 365–370. Bibcode:1968MWRv...96
Maritime_Continent
Directions of fluid flow on a globe
parallel to the equator of a sphere. In meteorological term regarding atmospheric circulation, zonal flow brings a temperature contrast along the Earth's longitude
Zonal_and_meridional_flow
Elongated region of low atmospheric pressure
tilted as the energy carried by the cold air races east through the atmospheric circulation and distorts its shape. The positive tilt is thus the building
Trough_(meteorology)
westerlies. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation leads to changes in the atmospheric circulation patterns (also known as teleconnections). Although the exact mechanisms
Climate_of_Argentina
Scientific study of the atmosphere focusing on weather forecasting
American Practical Navigator Atmospheric circulation Atmospheric layers Atmospheric models Atmospheric pressure Atmospheric thermodynamics Automated airport
Meteorology
A col, also called saddle point or neutral point, is in meteorology, the point of intersection of a trough and a ridge in the pressure pattern of a weather
Col_(meteorology)
Cyclic flow of convection currents in a fluid
moisture and contributing to cloud formation, thunderstorms, and atmospheric circulation as rising warm air cools and condenses before descending and repeating
Convection_cell
Global climate phenomenon
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). It is a large-scale coupling between atmospheric circulation and tropical deep atmospheric convection. Unlike
El_Niño–Southern_Oscillation
Landmass comprising more than one continental core, or craton
The elevation of the Appalachians would greatly influence global atmospheric circulation. Continents affect the climate of the planet drastically, with
Supercontinent
Area of astronomical research
of brown dwarfs to giant exoplanets is not well understood. The atmospheric circulation of planets that rotate more slowly or have a thicker atmosphere
Extraterrestrial_atmosphere
Natural movement of air or other gases relative to a planet's surface
wind is known as anemology. The two main causes of large-scale atmospheric circulation are the differential heating between the equator and the poles
Wind
called storms. Regular, cyclical phenomena include seasons and atmospheric circulation. climate change is often semi-regular. Lightning strikes during
List_of_natural_phenomena
Strongest direction of wind on a region of Earth's surface
themselves parallel to the prevailing winds. Trade winds Wind speed Atmospheric circulation Winds in the age of sail URS (2008). Section 3.2 Climate conditions
Prevailing_winds
Accumulation of cold air in a topographic depression
A cold-air pool is an accumulation of cold air in a topographic depression, such as a valley or basin. The cold air is produced by radiative cooling at
Cold-air_pool
Air mass forming over a large body of water
marine layer can come in a number of different forms depending on the atmospheric conditions. It may manifest itself as merely a cool, humid air mass without
Marine_layer
False horizon from mountains at dusk
Winterline or winter line is the term used to describe the false horizon formed at dusk and is visible from certain mountainous parts of the world. The
Winterline
Massive volcanic activity during the Little Ice Age
global cooling. The global cooling effect impacts ocean currents, atmospheric circulation and cause social impacts such as drought and famine. Wars and rebellions
Little_Ice_Age_volcanism
Calima or Kalima (Saharan sand)
meters in altitude. The raised dust can then move in the eastward atmospheric circulation while being captured above a marine inversion as it passes over
Calima_(Saharan_sand)
Biogeochemical cycle for movement of water on Earth
to as fog. Atmospheric circulation moves water vapor around the globe; cloud particles collide, grow, and fall out of the upper atmospheric layers as precipitation
Water_cycle
Coast towards which the wind blows a vessel
A lee shore, sometimes also called a leeward (/ˈljuːərd/ shore, or more commonly /ˈliːwərd/), is a nautical term to describe a stretch of shoreline that
Lee_shore
Tropical atmosphere element of variability
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). It is a large-scale coupling between atmospheric circulation and tropical deep atmospheric convection. Unlike
Madden–Julian_oscillation
Subfield of climatology
larger umbrella of atmospheric science which attempts to relate local or regional climate to larger or global atmospheric circulation patterns. The word
Synoptic_climatology
Atmospheric phenomenon
affected atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere all the way to the equator. The ozone hole has influenced atmospheric circulation all the way
Ozone_depletion
Static pressure exerted by the weight of the Earth's atmosphere
mass of air over that location. For numerical reasons, atmospheric models such as general circulation models (GCMs) usually predict the nondimensional logarithm
Atmospheric_pressure
Wind-borne mineral dust from the Sahara
Saharan dust has even been found on glaciers and studied to examine atmospheric circulation. Adverse effects of Saharan dust on human health can include respiratory
Saharan_dust
Study of exoplanet atmospheres
a planet's atmosphere, the general motion of heat transfer and atmospheric circulation, and the locations where weather can occur (as with tidally-locked
Exometeorology
Gas layer surrounding the moon Titan
other astronomical environments. Simulations of Titan's global atmospheric circulation, based on wind-speed measurements recorded by the Huygens probe
Atmosphere_of_Titan
Volume of air defined by its temperature and water vapor content
Greg Byrd (1998-06-03). "Lake Effect Snows". University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Archived from the original on 17 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-12
Air_mass
Organ system for circulating blood in animals
circulatory system has two divisions, a systemic circulation or circuit, and a pulmonary circulation or circuit. Some sources use the terms cardiovascular
Circulatory_system
Study of physical conditions and processes within the ocean
salinity ranges of their habitats. Energy for the ocean circulation (and for the atmospheric circulation) comes from solar radiation and gravitational energy
Physical_oceanography
Theory of how forests affect rainfall
infers a circulation system driven by biological processes. This concept shows forests as being the major factors in manipulating atmospheric processes
Biotic_pump
Air mass remaining over an area for an extended period
lack of precipitation. These meteorological conditions show how atmospheric circulation and precipitation patterns are correlated with air stagnation events
Air_stagnation
Band of continuous cloud that stretches from the east Indian Ocean to southern Australia
The Australian Northwest Cloudband (NWCB), or just Northwest cloudband, is a band of a broad, continuous, moisture-laden cloud that stretches from the
Australian Northwest Cloudband
Australian_Northwest_Cloudband
Fast-flowing atmospheric air current
product of two factors: the atmospheric heating by solar radiation that produces the large-scale polar, Ferrel, and Hadley circulation cells, and the action
Jet_stream
Prevailing winds from the west
that flows from west to east around Antarctica. The ACC is the dominant circulation feature of the Southern Ocean and, at approximately 125 Sverdrups, the
Westerlies
Lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere
three atmospheric cells, consequent to the inclination of the axis of planet Earth within its orbit of the Sun. The resultant atmospheric circulation transports
Troposphere
American meteorologist (1806–1873)
Ivanovich Voeĭkov (1875). The winds of the globe: or, The laws of atmospheric circulation over the surface of the earth. The Smithsonian Institution. pp
James_Henry_Coffin
Rapidly rotating storm system
rotating storm system with a low-pressure area, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce
Tropical_cyclone
The Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth, ACRE, is an international science project, began in 2008, that recovers historical weather
Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth
Atmospheric_Circulation_Reconstructions_over_the_Earth
Atmospheric effect caused by the solar wind
(thermosphere/exosphere). The resulting ionization and excitation of atmospheric constituents emit light of varying colour and complexity. The form of
Aurora
Climate classification
influenced by the thermal properties of the ocean and by the prevailing atmospheric circulation of the mid-latitudes. Water has a higher heat capacity than land
Oceanic_climate
Interrelationship between tectonic processes and the climate system
while relevant climatic processes include atmospheric circulation, orographic lift, monsoon circulation and the rain shadow effect. As the geological
Tectonic–climatic_interaction
Interactions that create Earth's climate
the predominant source of energy input to the Earth and drives atmospheric circulation. The amount of energy coming from the Sun varies on shorter time
Climate_system
An air basin is a geographical region with commonly shared air masses, such as an area within a ring or partial ring of mountains, in which winds generally
Air_basin
Canadian meteorologist (1929–1993)
Canadian meteorologist who pioneered the modelling the Earth's atmospheric circulation. Born in New York, NY in 1928, Robert moved to Grand-Mère, Quebec
André_Robert
Study of the Earth's atmosphere
Atmospheric science is the study of the Earth's atmosphere and its various inner-working physical processes. Meteorology includes atmospheric chemistry
Atmospheric_science
Brief reversal of the Earth's magnetic field about 41,400 years ago
isotopes beryllium-10 and carbon-14, a decrease in atmospheric ozone, and changes in atmospheric circulation. This loss of the geomagnetic shield has been
Laschamp_event
Condensed water vapor that falls from clouds
In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull. The main
Precipitation
Pacific typhoon in 2026
Islands. The origins of Typhoon Sinlaku are traced back to an atmospheric circulation center near Majuro that crossed the International Date Line at
Typhoon_Sinlaku_(2026)
The Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (MRAMS) is a computer program that simulates the circulations of the Martian atmosphere at regional and
Mars regional atmospheric modeling system
Mars_regional_atmospheric_modeling_system
Scientist specialising in meteorology
rotation of the Earth in the explanation of the trade winds and atmospheric circulation. Anna Mani, Indian physicist and meteorologist who made contributions
Meteorologist
European orbiter mission to Mars (2003–present)
structure down to the permafrost, precise determination of the atmospheric circulation and composition, and study of the interaction of the atmosphere
Mars_Express
Directional mass flow of oceanic water
continued rise of atmospheric temperatures is anticipated to have various effects on the strength of surface ocean currents, wind-driven circulation and dispersal
Ocean_current
Mass extinction event
Formation. These may have been amplified by changes in oceanic and atmospheric circulation due to continental drift. Additionally, orbitally paced factors
Middle_Miocene_disruption
Climate theory
hypothesis stipulates that ascending air in the monsoon region induces atmospheric circulation features named Rossby waves that expand westward and interact with
Rodwell–Hoskins_mechanism
Sub-Neptune orbiting the red dwarf K2-18
"From Super-Earths to Mini-Neptunes: Implications of a Surface on Atmospheric Circulation". The Astrophysical Journal. 893 (2): 161. arXiv:2003.13348. Bibcode:2020ApJ
K2-18b
Climatological phenomenon
higher sea surface temperatures and a weaker atmospheric circulation (the Hadley cell and Walker circulation) which results in less wind shear. Also, tropical
Cyclonic_Niño
Scientific modeling of planets
transported on the surface of some planets (such as Mars), and how the atmospheric circulation takes place over a planet. Theoretical planetologists may use laboratory
Theoretical_planetology
Hot Jupiter orbiting WASP-76
definitively distinguish between these two scenarios. Based on planetary atmospheric circulation models for WASP-76b, it is suggested that dense cloud layers composed
WASP-76b
Motion characterized by chaotic changes in pressure and flow velocity
through the atmosphere). Most of the terrestrial atmospheric circulation. The oceanic and atmospheric mixed layers and intense oceanic currents. The flow
Turbulence
Area with air pressures lower than adjacent areas
well-hot circulation in the tropics it is termed a tropical cyclone. Tropical cyclones can form during any month of the year globally. Atmospheric lift will
Low-pressure_area
American planetary scientist
for his research on the atmospheric dynamics of exoplanets, which has been the paradigm for hot gas giant atmospheric circulation models, and recognized
Adam_Showman
Warm weather period, 250 BC to AD 400
radiation reaching the Earth. That may have triggered a change in atmospheric circulation patterns. The phrase "Roman Warm Period" first appears in a 1995
Roman_Warm_Period
anticyclones on the downward side of the Hadley cell of the general atmospheric circulation. The thermal contrasts over oceanic waters leads to the formation
Centers_of_action
Meteorological phenomenon
December 18, 2018, a tornado formed in Port Orchard, Washington during an atmospheric river event that lasted for several weeks. The tornado was rated EF2
Puget_Sound_Convergence_Zone
Prehistoric superocean that surrounded Pangaea
westerlies north of 60°N with easterlies between 60°N and the Equator. Atmospheric circulation north of 30°N is associated with the North Panthalassa High, which
Panthalassa
Regular period of greatest solar activity
Achim; Muscheler, Raimund; et al. (April 2, 2012). "Regional atmospheric circulation shifts induced by a grand solar minimum". Nature Geoscience. 5
Solar_maximum
Large-scale weather pattern with two modes
two modes, denoted positive and negative, and which relates the atmospheric circulation pattern over the North Pacific Ocean with the one over the North
Pacific–North American teleconnection pattern
Pacific–North_American_teleconnection_pattern
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