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Metric in epidemiology
In epidemiology, the basic reproduction number, or basic reproductive number (sometimes called basic reproduction ratio or basic reproductive rate), denoted
Basic_reproduction_number
the basic reproduction number, for a compartmental model of the spread of infectious diseases. In population dynamics it is used to compute the basic reproduction
Next-generation_matrix
Concept in epidemiology
the effective reproduction number Re, which is obtained by taking the product of the basic reproduction number R0, the average number of new infections
Herd_immunity
Type of mathematical model used for infectious diseases
projecting the total number of infections and recoveries over time, estimating key epidemiological parameters such as the basic reproduction number (R0) or effective
Compartmental models (epidemiology)
Compartmental_models_(epidemiology)
Disease which is constantly present in an area
the basic reproduction number (R0) of the infection must equal one. In a population with some immune individuals, the basic reproduction number multiplied
Endemic_(epidemiology)
Concepts from linear algebra
possible preferred direction of orientation. The basic reproduction number (R0) is a fundamental number in the study of how infectious diseases spread.
Eigenvalues_and_eigenvectors
Time interval between infection by a pathogen and the individual becoming infectious
equal, the measure of secondary infections (represented by the basic reproduction number, R0) will generally be larger. For example, HIV can remain transmissible
Latent_period_(epidemiology)
Infectious disease readily spread by pathogen transmission
of transmission afforded by a remote or isolated location. The basic reproduction number of a disease is used to measure how easily the disease spreads
Contagious_disease
Topics referred to by the same term
R0, formerly known as haplogroup pre-HV R0, Basic reproduction number in epidemiology R0, Net reproduction rate in population ecology and demography Samsung
R0
Disease transmission via pathogens from fecal particles
diseases transmitted via the fecal-oral route.[citation needed] Basic reproduction number Toilet Vector control Hookworm "Principles of Epidemiology: Chain
Fecal–oral_route
First documented patient in the population of an epidemiological investigation
Retrieved 3 November 2010. Letter to the New York Review of Books (vol. 35, number 19, December 8, 1988) by Dr. Andrew Moss, Dept. of Epidemiology and International
Index_case
Virus that causes digestive upset and sometimes heart damage
upper respiratory tract disease, and aseptic meningitis. The basic reproduction number (R0) for Coxsackievirus A16 (Cox A16) was estimated to a median
Coxsackievirus
Invasion of an organism's body by pathogenic agents
reservoirs are another way infectious diseases are transmitted. The basic reproduction number of an infectious disease measures how easily it spreads through
Infection
Using mathematical models to understand infectious disease transmission
distribution. The basic reproduction number (denoted by R0) is a measure of how transferable a disease is. It is the average number of people that a single
Mathematical modelling of infectious diseases
Mathematical_modelling_of_infectious_diseases
Tool for modeling spread of disease
the entries of the WAIFW matrix can be used to calculate the basic reproduction number using the next generation operator approach. The 2 × 2 {\displaystyle
WAIFW_matrix
Topics referred to by the same term
crystallographic model and the diffraction data R0 or R number, the basic reproduction number in epidemiology In computer science, a pure value which
R-value
Organism which has become infected with a pathogen but displays no symptoms
aggressive methods such as travel bans and compulsory quarantines, since the number of infectious, asymptomatic cases would be unknown. While an exact explanation
Asymptomatic_carrier
Antimicrobial substance or compound
Modelling Agent-based model Animal disease model Attack rate Basic reproduction number Compartmental models in epidemiology Critical community size Force
Antiseptic
Event spreading an infectious disease
non-superspreaders with the same duration of exposure. The basic reproduction number R0 is the average number of secondary infections caused by a typical infective
Superspreading_event
Non-living object capable of carrying infectious agents
antibiotics (so-called antimicrobial resistance phenomenon).[citation needed] Basic hospital equipment, such as IV drip tubes, catheters, and life support equipment
Fomite
Genus of viruses (Enterovirus)
immunocompromised people. Common Cold viruses have an estimated basic reproduction number ( R 0 {\displaystyle R_{0}} ) 2–3, meaning that each infected
Rhinovirus
Infection by a pathogen of non-human origin
sustain outbreaks depending on factors such as the pathogen's basic reproduction number (R0), population density, and the effectiveness of public health
Zoonosis
Growth rate of websites, apps, or a customer base
= i ∗ c {\displaystyle k=i*c} This usage is borrowed from the basic reproduction number in the medical field of epidemiology in which a virus having a
K-factor_(marketing)
Time interval when a host can transmit an infectious disease
unwittingly spread the disease in the community. Asymptomatic carrier Basic reproduction number Generation time Incubation period Latent period Serial interval
Infectious_period
Liquids inside of the body, sometimes excreted or secreted
or evaluation, and for identification of disease or condition. Basic reproduction number Blood-borne diseases Biofluid dynamics Clinical pathology Humorism
Body_fluid
American medical disaster thriller film by Steven Soderbergh
determine MEV-1 is spread by respiratory droplets and fomites, with a basic reproduction number of four when the virus mutates; they project that 1 in 12 people
Contagion_(2011_film)
Disease transmission by airborne particles
infections, such as pneumonic plague and whooping cough. Aeroplankton Basic reproduction number Miasma theory Vector (epidemiology) Waterborne diseases Zoonosis
Airborne_transmission
Viral disease affecting humans
The virus is one of the most contagious human pathogens, with a basic reproduction number of between 12 and 18 (i.e. in a community without immunity, one
Measles
Model concept in transmission of infectious disease
100} where A {\displaystyle A} = Number of new cases among contacts of primary cases M {\displaystyle M} = Total number of susceptible contacts The denominator
Secondary_attack_rate
Period when an infection is not yet detectable for a given test
Modelling Agent-based model Animal disease model Attack rate Basic reproduction number Compartmental models in epidemiology Critical community size Force
Window_period
Large incidence of a medical condition in a particular location or time frame
Modelling Agent-based model Animal disease model Attack rate Basic reproduction number Compartmental models in epidemiology Critical community size Force
Disease_cluster
Time between infection and the onset of disease symptoms
Modelling Agent-based model Animal disease model Attack rate Basic reproduction number Compartmental models in epidemiology Critical community size Force
Incubation_period
Biological process
This is typical in animals, though the number of chromosome sets and how that number changes in sexual reproduction varies, especially among plants, fungi
Sexual_reproduction
Number of disease cases in a given population at a specific time
specific time. It is derived by comparing the number of people found to have the condition with the total number of people studied and is usually expressed
Prevalence
Occurs when a reservoir population causes an epidemic in a novel host population
Modelling Agent-based model Animal disease model Attack rate Basic reproduction number Compartmental models in epidemiology Critical community size Force
Spillover_infection
Topics referred to by the same term
Transmissibility (electromagnetism) Transmissibility (structural dynamics) Basic reproduction number, in medicine Permeability (disambiguation) Transmission (disambiguation)
Transmissibility
Concentration of water vapour in the air
maintained using humidifiers, dehumidifiers and associated control systems. The basic principles for buildings, above, also apply to vehicles. In addition, there
Humidity
Sudden increase in occurrences of a disease
group or impact upon thousands of people across an entire continent. The number of cases varies according to the disease-causing agent, and the size and
Disease_outbreak
Widespread, often global, epidemic of severe infectious disease
non-pharmaceutical interventions to reverse the pandemic by reducing the basic reproduction number to less than 1. The suppression strategy, which includes stringent
Pandemic
Chance over time of a medical condition
In epidemiology, incidence reflects the number of new cases of a given medical condition in a population within a specified period of time. Incidence proportion
Incidence_(epidemiology)
Bacteria resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial drugs
Modelling Agent-based model Animal disease model Attack rate Basic reproduction number Compartmental models in epidemiology Critical community size Force
Multidrug-resistant_bacteria
Modelling Agent-based model Animal disease model Attack rate Basic reproduction number Compartmental models in epidemiology Critical community size Force
Holoendemic
Type of viruses that cause gastroenteritis
Norovirus is considered to be an extremely contagious virus, with a basic reproduction number ( R 0 {\displaystyle R_{0}} ) estimated around 7.2; the estimated
Norovirus
Human disease caused by paramyxovirus
unvaccinated. The average number of new cases generated from a single case in a susceptible population called the basic reproduction number, is 4–7. Given this
Mumps
Term in epidemiology
area of elevated transmission efficiency i.e., an elevated reproductive number, R). Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and
Hyperendemic
Medical condition
Modelling Agent-based model Animal disease model Attack rate Basic reproduction number Compartmental models in epidemiology Critical community size Force
Blood-borne_disease
Common viral infection of the upper respiratory tract
to declining immunity. Common cold viruses have an estimated basic reproduction number ( R 0 {\displaystyle R_{0}} ) 2–3, meaning that each infected
Common_cold
Pathogen's ability to infect hosts
capacity to pass from one organism to another. Basic reproduction number (basic reproductive rate, basic reproductive ratio, R0, or r nought) Oxford textbook
Infectivity
Species of virus
considered to be the most contagious virus known, with an R0 (Basic reproduction number) of about 12–18, meaning that each infected person typically infects
Measles_virus
Study of what affects viral life spans
N} is given by the equilibrium number of infected individuals, I {\displaystyle I} . The mean basic reproduction number, averaged across all infected individuals
Viral_phylodynamics
Spread of an infection from one person to another
known as superspreaders. In these cases, the basic reproduction number of the virus, which is the average number of additional people that a single case will
Human-to-human_transmission
Modelling Agent-based model Animal disease model Attack rate Basic reproduction number Compartmental models in epidemiology Critical community size Force
Sapronosis
Physical quantity with no units
change of an economic variable in response to a change in another Basic reproduction number is a dimensionless ratio used in epidemiology to quantify the
Dimensionless_quantity
Bodily fluid secreted by salivary glands
type of sake). Commercially available saliva substitutes exist. Basic reproduction number Fasting spittle Nosek TM. Essentials of Human Physiology, Section
Saliva
Organism that harbours another organism
This can be wide or narrow, but it never includes all plants. A small number of insects are monophagous, feeding on a single plant. The silkworm larva
Host_(biology)
Eastern Province, Zambia in 2015. Epidemiologists estimated a basic reproduction number of 1.75 with a 95 percent confidence interval ranging from 1.51
History_of_plague
Statistic in epidemiology
taking the number of new cases in the population at risk and dividing by the number of persons at risk in the population. attack rate = number of new cases
Attack_rate
Occurrence of a disease with no recognisable pattern
susceptibility of hosts, contact rate of individuals, population density, number of vaccinated or naturally immune individuals, etc.), a sporadic infectious
Sporadic_disease
Time of transmission of an infectious disease
Modelling Agent-based model Animal disease model Attack rate Basic reproduction number Compartmental models in epidemiology Critical community size Force
Serial_interval
COVID-19 elimination strategy
quarantine. Successful containment or suppression reduced the basic reproduction number of the virus below the critical threshold. Different combinations
Zero-COVID
reliance on shared spaces, the lack of healthcare facilities, and the large number of passengers and crew members from disparate points of origin. Outbreaks
Infectious disease on cruise ships
Infectious_disease_on_cruise_ships
Biological entity that causes disease in its host
living vectors like mosquitos and ticks. The basic reproduction number of an infection is the expected number of subsequent cases it is likely to cause through
Pathogen
Agent that carries and transmits pathogens
and reproduction of the mosquitoes. There is research into infecting mosquito populations with the bacteria Wolbachia pipientis to reduce the number of
Disease_vector
Virtual epidemic in World of Warcraft
limited its applicability to other pandemics. For instance, the basic reproduction number of Corrupted Blood was significantly higher than any observed
Corrupted_Blood_incident
Aerosols formed from the evaporation of respiratory droplets
tuberculosis and COVID-19 can be transmitted via droplet nuclei. Basic reproduction number Atkinson, James; Chartier, Yves; Pessoa-Silva, Carmen Lúcia; Jensen
Droplet_nucleus
Topics referred to by the same term
Effective reproduction number (R), the number of cases generated by one case in the current state of a population in epidemiology Basic reproduction number (R0)
R_(disambiguation)
Procreative biological processes of humanity
Human sexual reproduction, to produce offspring, begins with fertilization. Successful reproduction typically involves sexual intercourse between a healthy
Human_reproduction
Production of new offspring in plants
Sexual reproduction produces offspring by the fusion of gametes, resulting in offspring genetically different from either parent. Vegetative reproduction produces
Plant_reproduction
American epidemiologist
control the spread of the disease; this value is known as the basic reproduction number, or R0. The analysis utilized publicly available data from cases
Maia_Majumder
Human retrovirus, cause of AIDS
with progression to AIDS increasingly rare. HIV has an estimated basic reproduction number ( R 0 {\displaystyle R_{0}} ) of 2–5, meaning that the average
HIV
Therapeutic use of bacteriophages to treat bacterial infections
administration works better when an antacid is included, as this increases the number of phages surviving passage through the stomach. Topical administration
Phage_therapy
Population or environment in which a pathogen naturally lives and reproduces
Modelling Agent-based model Animal disease model Attack rate Basic reproduction number Compartmental models in epidemiology Critical community size Force
Natural_reservoir
Modelling Agent-based model Animal disease model Attack rate Basic reproduction number Compartmental models in epidemiology Critical community size Force
Simulation_exercise
Minimum size of a closed population within which a pathogen can persist indefinitely
Modelling Agent-based model Animal disease model Attack rate Basic reproduction number Compartmental models in epidemiology Critical community size Force
Critical_community_size
Infection spread in hospitals or health care facilities
setting, thus meaning it was acquired or became problematic post-admission. A number of dynamic processes can bring contamination into operating rooms and other
Hospital-acquired_infection
Promoting health through informed choices
monetary resources, or, in some cases, sufficient knowledge to provide even a basic level of medical care and disease prevention. A major public health concern
Public_health
Rapid spread of disease affecting a large number of people in a short time
above" and δῆμος demos "people") is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of hosts in a given population within a short period of time. For example
Epidemic
Member of a population who is at risk of becoming infected by a disease
able to enter the cell (called a susceptible state) There is a sufficient number of viruses within the cell The virus is able to replicate within the cell
Susceptible_individual
Omicron subvariant of SARS-CoV-2
transmissibility over BA.1 (which had an R 0 {\displaystyle R_{0}} , or Basic reproduction number, around 9.5 according to one estimate), and BA.4 and BA.5 estimated
BA.3.2
Rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease
if not all cases of the disease are reported.[citation needed] Basic reproduction number Compartmental models in epidemiology Epidemic Mathematical modelling
Force_of_infection
Genus of grass cultivated for grain
adapted towards successful spore propagation, i.e. increasing their basic reproduction number (R0). The main wheat-disease categories are: Seed-borne diseases:
Wheat
Infection transmitted through human sexual behavior
including hepatitis B and a few types of HPV. Using condoms, having a smaller number of sexual partners, and being in a relationship in which each person only
Sexually transmitted infection
Sexually_transmitted_infection
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
SARS, the fecal–oral route is another mode of transmission. The basic reproduction number of SARS-CoV, R0, ranges from 2 to 4 depending on different analyses
SARS
Infectious disease = Invasion of an organism's body by pathogenic agents
during an outbreak over a certain period of time. Basic reproduction number – Average expected number of secondary cases infected by a single primary case
Outline of infectious disease concepts
Outline_of_infectious_disease_concepts
Antimicrobial substance active against bacteria
antibiotic targets are those for which mutations negatively impact bacterial reproduction or viability. Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance
Antibiotic
Medical condition
manifestations. Tick-borne diseases (TBD) are a major health threat in the US. The number of pathogens and the burden of disease have been increasing over the last
Tick-borne_disease
Practices performed to preserve health
system, and flues on each floor carrying waste to underground channels. A basic form of contagion theory dates back to the Persian medicine in the medieval
Hygiene
Activation or suppression of the immune system to treat disease
Modelling Agent-based model Animal disease model Attack rate Basic reproduction number Compartmental models in epidemiology Critical community size Force
Immunotherapy
Elimination of a disease from all hosts
the number of vaccinators and field workers since 1998, the number of estimated cases is thought to be reasonably close to the actual reported number of
Eradication of infectious diseases
Eradication_of_infectious_diseases
Preventive medical treatment after exposure
post-exposure prophylaxis with the use of antiretroviral drugs is dependent on a number of risk factors, though treatment is usually started after one high-risk
Post-exposure_prophylaxis
Type of particle formed by breathing
influences their fate and thus their ability to transmit disease. Basic reproduction number Infection prevention and control Source control (respiratory disease)
Respiratory_droplet
Medication used to treat a viral infection
is viral entry, when the virus attaches to and enters the host cell. A number of "entry-inhibiting" or "entry-blocking" drugs are being developed to fight
Antiviral_drug
Transmission of a pathogen between different species
evolutionary hypotheses. This method can be used in CST studies to estimate the number of character changes that exist between pathogens in relation to their host
Cross-species_transmission
Species of flavivirus
transmitted through sexual contact or blood transfusions. The basic reproduction number (R0, a measure of transmissibility) of Zika virus has been estimated
Zika_virus
Transmission of a pathogen from humans to non-human animals
the infection's supposed source or the direction of transmission raises a number of contradictions that could be resolved by the use of cyclical models.[citation
Reverse_zoonosis
Disease model
The model is unique in applying machine learning to derive the basic reproduction number (R0) from data published by Johns Hopkins University's Center
Youyang_Gu_COVID_model
Omicron subvariant of SARS-CoV-2
transmissibility over BA.1 (which had an R 0 {\displaystyle R_{0}} , or Basic reproduction number, around 9.5 according to one estimate), and BA.4 and BA.5 estimated
BA.2.86
Species of bacterium causing pertussis or whooping cough
the respiratory tract. Whooping Cough is estimated to have a basic reproduction number ( R 0 {\displaystyle R_{0}} ) of 12–17, making the bacteria a
Bordetella_pertussis
Virus subtype
flu seasons. The new H3N2 Subtype K variant had an estimated basic reproduction number ( R 0 {\displaystyle R_{0}} ) around 1.4, slightly higher than
Influenza A virus subtype H3N2
Influenza_A_virus_subtype_H3N2
Measure of the chance or risk of a population contracting an infectious disease
× the number of infections the number of those at risk of infection {\displaystyle {\text{Rate of infection}}=K\times {\frac {\text{the number of infections}}{\text{the
Infection_rate
travel, tourism, insurance
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