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Mainframe computer by Control Data
The CDC 6600 is the flagship of the discontinued 6000 series of mainframe computer systems manufactured by Control Data Corporation. Generally considered
CDC_6600
Family of 1960s mainframe computers
Corporation in the 1960s. It consisted of the CDC 6200, CDC 6300, CDC 6400, CDC 6500, CDC 6600 and CDC 6700 computers, which were all extremely rapid and efficient
CDC_6000_series
1967 supercomputer
The CDC 7600 was designed by Seymour Cray to be the successor to the CDC 6600, extending Control Data's dominance of the supercomputer field into the
CDC_7600
American mainframe and supercomputer firm (1957–1999)
(160-G) * CDC 3000 series – 3100, 3200, 3300, 3400, 3500, 3600, 3800 * CDC 6000 series – 6200, 6400, 6500, 6700 * CDC 6600 * CDC 7600 * CDC CYBER – 17
Control_Data_Corporation
Family of mainframe computers
favour of new members of the 6000 series, and then the CDC Cyber series, initially based on the 6600 design but spanning a wide range of performance. The
CDC_3000_series
1960s Control Data Corporation operating systems
INFORMATION SYSTEMS LAB CISL. "CDC 6600". National Center for Atmospheric Research. Retrieved March 28, 2023. "The CDC 6600 arrives at CERN". CERN. Retrieved
CDC_SCOPE
Range of mainframe-class supercomputers
based on the architecture of the CDC 6600 and CDC 7600 supercomputers, respectively The 200 series based on the CDC STAR-100, which was released in the
CDC_Cyber
American supercomputer architect (1925–1996)
the CDC 6600. Nonetheless, several special features of the 6600 first started to appear in the 3000 series. Although in terms of hardware the 6600 was
Seymour_Cray
1974 supercomputer
Bhend, Kent Steiner, Raymon Kort, and Neil R. Lincoln. Discussion topics include CDC 1604, CDC 6600, CDC 7600, CDC 8600, CDC STAR-100 and Seymour Cray.
CDC_STAR-100
Corporation (CDC) were designed by Seymour Cray to use innovative designs and parallelism to achieve superior computational peak performance. The CDC 6600, released
History_of_supercomputing
Topics referred to by the same term
6600 may refer to: CDC 6600, a mainframe computer from Control Data Corporation, first manufactured in 1965 Nokia 6600, a Nokia smartphone released in
6600
Hungarian-born American mathematician (1926–2025)
part of an anti-war protest, the Transcendental Students took hostage a CDC 6600 super computer at NYU's Courant Institute which Lax had been instrumental
Peter_Lax
Multipurpose mainframe computer (1960)
Lincoln. Discussion topics include CDC 1604, CDC 6600, CDC 7600, CDC 8600, CDC STAR-100 and Seymour Cray. On-line copies of CDC 1604 manuals. Addressability
CDC_1604
CDC 8600 was the last of Seymour Cray's supercomputer designs while he worked for Control Data Corporation. As the natural successor to the CDC 6600 and
CDC_8600
Instruction scheduling method
Scoreboarding is a centralized method, first used in the CDC 6600 computer, for dynamically scheduling instructions so that they can execute out of order
Scoreboarding
Minicomputer made in 1960s
the peripheral processors surrounding the CDC 6600 and 7600. "A Programmer's Reference Manual for the CDC-160" by Douglas W. Jones Flamm, Kenneth (1988)
CDC_160_series
Mathematics concept
1101, CDC 160, CDC 1604, CDC 6600, LINC, DEC PDP-1, UNIVAC 1107, and their successors, used ones' complement arithmetic. Successors of the CDC 6600 continued
Ones'_complement
Computer operating system for 1960s-era mainframes
operating system developed by Control Data Corporation in 1964 for the CDC 6600, generally considered the first supercomputer in the world. The Chippewa
Chippewa_Operating_System
were several versions. The original 1700 was constructed using air-cooled CDC 6600-like cordwood logic modules and core memory, although later models used
CDC_1700
supercomputer. The CDC 6600 outperformed its predecessor, the IBM 7030 Stretch, by about a factor of 3. With performance of about 1 megaFLOPS, the CDC 6600 was the
History_of_computing_hardware
First IBM supercomputer using dedicated transistors
supercomputer. It was the fastest computer in the world from 1961 until the first CDC 6600 became operational in 1964. Originally designed to meet a requirement formulated
IBM_7030_Stretch
Computing paradigm to improve computational efficiency
machine to use out-of-order execution is the CDC 6600 (1964), which used a scoreboard to resolve conflicts. The 6600 however lacked WAW conflict handling, choosing
Out-of-order_execution
Time-sharing operating system
Corporation in 1971. Kronos ran on the 60-bit CDC 6000 series mainframe computers and their successors. CDC replaced Kronos with the NOS operating system
CDC_Kronos
compiler for IMP existed as early as 1965 and was used to program the CDC 6600 time-sharing system, which was in use at the Institute for Defense Analyses
IMP_(programming_language)
CPU register that is always zero
written to. It is found in instruction set architectures including the CDC 6600, MIPS, SPARC, Alpha, ARM64, and RISC-V, among others. Zero appears as a
Zero_register
This is a list of the top supercomputers in the United States. CDC 6600 – Control Data Corporation, decommissioned in the 1970s Cray-1 – Cray Research
List of the top supercomputers in the United States
List_of_the_top_supercomputers_in_the_United_States
1960s supercomputer architecture
design. That new machine was officially announced in August 1963 as the CDC 6600, and was fa faster than any other machine in the world. This caused IBM
IBM Advanced Computer Systems project
IBM_Advanced_Computer_Systems_project
Mainframe computer system
licensed by Control Data Corporation (CDC), the manufacturer on whose mainframe computers the PLATO IV system was built. CDC President William Norris planned
PLATO_(computer_system)
Type of computer memory used from 1955 to 1975
for example, the Extended Core Storage (ECS) auxiliary memory in the CDC 6600, which was up to 2 million 60-bit words. Core rope memory is a read-only
Magnetic-core_memory
Type of extremely powerful computer
one microsecond per instruction, about one million instructions per second. The CDC 6600, designed by Seymour Cray, was finished in 1964 and marked the transition
Supercomputer
American computer engineer (1925–2005)
Control Data Corporation (CDC). He remained there until 1973 and was involved in the development of the CDC 1604, CDC 6600, 6400, 6500, and the STAR-100
James_E._Thornton
Computer 6-bit character code
Data Corporation, notably the CDC 6000 series in 1964, the 7600 in 1967 and the following Cyber series in 1971. The CDC 6000 series and their successors
CDC_display_code
Computer memory architecture
as far as the 1960s having been used in IBM System/360 Model 91 and in CDC 6600. Modern high-end desktop and workstation processors such as the AMD Ryzen
Multi-channel memory architecture
Multi-channel_memory_architecture
Multiprocessor computer system where not all of the CPUs are treated equally
of its CDC 6000 series that featured two central processors. The CDC 6500 was a CDC 6400 with two central processors. The CDC 6700 was a CDC 6600 with the
Asymmetric_multiprocessing
Public university in Minnesota, U.S.
subs and vessels involved in antisubmarine warfare. CDC 6600 – James Thornton developed the CDC 6600, the world's first supercomputer, designed with Seymour
University_of_Minnesota
Corporation (CDC) 6600 built in 1964 by Seymour Cray. Its maximum speed was 40 MHz or 3 million floating point operations per second (FLOPS). The CDC 6600 was
History_of_computing
Programming language
factorial (n > 0): */[1..n] Implementations of SETL were available on the CDC 6600, CDC Cyber, DEC VAX, IBM/370, Sun workstation and Apollo. In the 1970s, SETL
SETL
mainframe. In 1966 it was ported to the CDC 6600 mainframe, and later to most of the rest of Control Data's CDC line. In 1983 it was ported to the Motorola
Schoonschip
Natural number
authors, whose body consisted of only two sentences: A direct search on the CDC 6600 yielded 275 + 845 + 1105 + 1335 = 1445 as the smallest instance in
144_(number)
Supercomputer manufactured by Cray Research
Seymour Cray of Control Data Corporation (CDC) worked on the CDC 8600, the successor to his earlier CDC 6600 and CDC 7600 designs. The 8600 was essentially
Cray-1
Family of computer storage devices
the CDC 9760 40 MB (unformatted) storage module disk drive. The CDC 9762 80 MB variant was announced in June 1974 and the CDC 9764 150 MB and the CDC 9766
Storage_Module_Device
Operating system
in 1975. NOS ran on the 60-bit CDC 6000 series of mainframe computers and their successors. NOS replaced the earlier CDC Kronos operating system of the
NOS_(operating_system)
American businessman
increasingly powerful machines. In 1965 they introduced the CDC 6600, the first supercomputer, and CDC was suddenly in the leadership position with a machine
William_Norris_(CEO)
See CDC 6600 CP architecture. COMPASS PP is the assembly language for the PP (Peripheral Processor), only running operating system code. See CDC 6600 PP
COMPASS
Measure of computer performance
processor @ 208 kHz in CDC 1604 in 1960 60-bit processor @ 10 MHz in CDC 6600 in 1964 0.3 (FP60) 60-bit processor @ 10 MHz in CDC 7600 in 1967 1.0 (FP60)
Floating point operations per second
Floating_point_operations_per_second
Type of instruction set architecture
a register. The earliest example of a load–store architecture was the CDC 6600. Almost all vector processors (including many GPUs[better source needed])
Load–store_architecture
Digital computers that used discrete transistors as their primary logic elements
II, III (6/64) CDC 160G (4/64) CDC 6600 Titan (1963 computer) (Atlas 2) Bunker-Ramo BR-133 aka AN/UYK-3 UMC-10 PDP-6 ICT 1900 series CDC 1604-C GE 435
List of transistorized computers
List_of_transistorized_computers
Computing resource shared by concurrent users
Univac / Unisys VMOS → VS/9 Service in Informatics and Analysis (SIA), on CDC 6600 Kronos. System Development Corporation Time-sharing System, on the AN/FSQ-32
Time-sharing
Using software instead of dedicated hardware to process and make use of signals
guarantees made that are usually found in barrel processor designs such as the CDC 6600 I/O co-processor, bit banging typically results in a lower quality signal
Bit_banging
(for Scientific Data Systems' SDS 940) Chippewa Operating System (for CDC 6600 supercomputer) Dartmouth Time-Sharing System (Dartmouth College's DTSS
Timeline_of_operating_systems
Abstract strategy game
game which, Frey claimed, easily defeated Wright's version running on a CDC 6600. Paul Rosenbloom of Carnegie Mellon University developed IAGO, which finished
Computer_Othello
Early computer at US Army lab
4-5 microseconds.) It was the fastest computer in the world until the CDC 6600 was introduced in 1964. BRLESC and its predecessor, ORDVAC, used their
BRLESC
1980s supercomputer
negotiated Cray hardware in exchange. CDC had a strong history of creating powerful supercomputers, starting with the CDC 6600. One of the most famous computer
ETA10
Former activist group
and occupation of NYU's Courant Institute where they held a $3.5 million CDC 6600 computer hostage (equivalent to $31.2 million in 2025 dollars), demanding
Transcendental_Students
Binary representation for signed numbers
representation of negative binary integers. Many early computers, including the CDC 6600, the LINC, the PDP-1, and the UNIVAC 1107, use ones' complement notation;
Two's_complement
Computer architecture bit width
were produced by Control Data Corporation (CDC), including the CDC 6000 series, the CDC 7600, and the CDC Cyber 70 and 170 series. Though the addressable
60-bit_computing
and Franz M. Djorup at the Institute for Defense Analyses to run on a CDC 6600. This editor was described in a later ACM article as operating "from low-cost
O26_(text_editor)
Computation modulo a fixed integer
microcomputer using just one-fourth of the integer precision used by a CDC 6600 supercomputer to disprove it two decades earlier via a brute force search
Modular_arithmetic
System/360; the Burroughs 5000 series; the UNIVAC 1107; the NCR 315; the CDC 1604 and the CDC 3000 series; the Honeywell 200, Honeywell 400, and Honeywell 800;
History of computing hardware (1960s–present)
History_of_computing_hardware_(1960s–present)
Supercomputer of the 1960s
arrival of the CDC 6600 that the Atlas was significantly bested. CDC later stated that it was a 1959 description of Muse that gave CDC ideas that significantly
Atlas_(computer)
Processor with instructions capable of multi-step operations
therefore more or less akin to the basic structure of RISC processors. The CDC 6600 supercomputer, first delivered in 1965, has also been retroactively described
Complex instruction set computer
Complex_instruction_set_computer
CPU that implements instruction-level parallelism within a single processor
The CPU can execute multiple instructions per clock cycle Seymour Cray's CDC 6600 from 1964, while not capable of issuing multiple instructions per cycle
Superscalar_processor
106: CDC 6600, first commercially successful supercomputer, 1964 11 × 106: Intel i386 microprocessor at 33 MHz, 1985[citation needed] 14 × 106: CDC 7600
Computer performance by orders of magnitude
Computer_performance_by_orders_of_magnitude
Rendering method
and landings, etc., until it eventually is shot down and crashed." A CDC 6600 computer was used. MAGI produced an animation video called MAGI/SynthaVision
Ray_tracing_(graphics)
Defunct vocational school in the United States
Computers CDC 1604 CDC 160 series CDC 1700 CDC 3000 series CDC 6000 series CDC 6600 CDC 7600 CDC 8600 Vector CDC STAR-100 CDC Cyber 200 CDC Cyber Software
Control_Data_Institute
Measure of a computer's processing speed
Data Corporation, CDC-6600 & 7600". ed-thelen.org. Archived from the original on 3 April 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017. "Control Data 6600: The Supercomputer
Instructions_per_second
American supercomputer manufacturer
at CDC, including the CDC 6600 and CDC 7600. When CDC ran into financial difficulties in the late 1960s, development funds for Cray's follow-on CDC 8600
Cray
Component of a computer's CPU
Retrieved 26 December 2019. Thornton, J.E. (1970). Design of a Computer: The CDC 6600. Atlanta: Scott, Foreman and Co. p. 125. ISBN 9780673059536. Leighton,
Control_unit
Procedural, imperative computer programming language
bootstrapping via PL/I F. It supported "about 70%" of PL/I compiling to the CDC 6600 CDC delivered an optimizing subset PL/I compiler for Cyber 70, 170 and 6000
PL/I
Observation tower in Pennsylvania, United States
patented hyperboloid design, which was checked by computer simulation on a CDC 6600 mainframe to verify its integrity. The bottom diameter was 94 feet (29 m)
Gettysburg_National_Tower
American video game designer
terminal via a dialup connection to the University of Massachusetts Amherst CDC 6600 time-share system. In the game, the player fired at asteroids to learn
Noah_Falstein
Tomography technique based on high-energy muon particles
then the data were analyzed by the IBM 1130 computer, and later by the CDC 6600 computer located at Ein Shams University and Lawrence Radiation Laboratory
Muon_tomography
Released Guest emulation capabilities Host Operating System License Desktop Cyber 5.3.1 May 12, 2011 CDC Cyber, CDC 6000 series, CDC 6600 Cross-platform GPL
List of computer system emulators
List_of_computer_system_emulators
American theoretical chemist
Berkeley in 1969, with access to Berkeley's Control Data Corporation (CDC) 6600 mainframe computer. Through collaborations with other researchers, he
Henry_F._Schaefer_III
American supercomputer manufacturer
Systems was a supercomputer company spun off from Control Data Corporation (CDC) in the early 1980s in order to regain a footing in the supercomputer business
ETA_Systems
Computer architecture bit width
microprocessor (PDP-8-compatible) Control Data Corporation CDC 160 series computers CDC 6600 - Peripheral Processor (PP) National Cash Register NCR 315
12-bit_computing
supercomputers". ExtremeTech. Retrieved 2020-02-29. Bell, Gordon (1998-01-25). "CDC 7600". Microsoft Research. Retrieved 2020-02-29. LARGE COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND
List_of_fastest_computers
1968 the company installed a Control Data Corporation CDC 6600 mainframe computer – the first CDC 6600 installed in the United Kingdom. It was generally considered
Service in Informatics and Analysis
Service_in_Informatics_and_Analysis
Core of a computer operating system
M. C.; Schwartz, J. T. (1967). "SHARER, a time sharing system for the CDC 6600". Communications of the ACM. 10 (10): 659–665. doi:10.1145/363717.363778
Kernel_(operating_system)
000 1967 Jean Guilloud and M. Dichampt CDC 6600 (Paris) 28 hours 500,000 1973 Jean Guilloud and Martine Bouyer CDC 7600 23.3 hours 1,001,250 1981 Kazunori
Chronology of computation of pi
Chronology_of_computation_of_pi
Informational and control component of early computers
other machines of its day had elaborate front panels to control them, the 6600 has only a dead start panel. There is a dual CRT system console, but it is
Front_panel
BASIC FOUR MAI BASIC Four Inc. Business BASIC 1974 PROSE modeling language CDC 6600 Cybernet Services SLANG, FORTRAN 1974 sed Lee E. McMahon of Bell Labs ed
Timeline of programming languages
Timeline_of_programming_languages
Italian non-profit consortium
CDC 6600 supercomputer in Cineca (8 January 1970)
CINECA
Base memory unit handled by a computer
2 w w w 6 bit 7 bit (typical) 9 bit 1964 Titan 48 bit w w w w w 1964 CDC 6600 60 bit w w 1⁄4w, 1⁄2w w 6 bit 1964 Autonetics D-37C Minuteman II Guidance
Word_(computer_architecture)
Soviet computer model (1968–1985)
sixteen 48-bit words. The system achieved a performance of 1 MIPS. The CDC 6600, a common Western supercomputer when the BESM-6 was released, achieved
BESM-6
Programming language
Pascal. Pascal-P1 through Pascal-P4 were not, but rather based on the CDC 6600 60-bit word length. A compiler based on the Pascal-P4 compiler, which created
Pascal_(programming_language)
Use of Operative System by type of extremely powerful computer
CDC 6600, generally considered the first supercomputer in the world, ran the Chippewa Operating System, which was then deployed on various other CDC 6000
Supercomputer operating system
Supercomputer_operating_system
Instruction set
similar to what had been done in the IBM System/360 Model 91 and the CDC 6600 (although the Model 91 had been based on a CISC design), to determine if
IBM_POWER_architecture
Mathematical software
processor 2048 kilobytes (262,144 x 64 bits) — 1.2 MIPS — CDC 6600 1964–1968 3 megaflops CDC 6600 Control Data Corporation Seymour Cray September 1964 100+
LINPACK
1985 supercomputer model
performance gap between the processor and main memory. In the era of the CDC 6600 memory ran at the same speed as the processor, and the main problem was
Cray-2
Computer program for antenna modeling
MBAssociates for the US Air Force's Space and Missile Systems Center on the CDC 6600, one of the first supercomputers. MBAssociates, named after the founding
Numerical Electromagnetics Code
Numerical_Electromagnetics_Code
Modules used in CDC computers
and OR functions in the wiring between inverters. Modules used on the CDC 6600 were compatible with the backplane connectors used with earlier machines
CDC_logic_module
Disproved conjecture in number theory
Lander and T. R. Parkin in 1966 when, through a direct computer search on a CDC 6600, they found a counterexample for k = 5. This was published in a paper comprising
Euler's sum of powers conjecture
Euler's_sum_of_powers_conjecture
Computer language
compiler/interpreter was written for the CDC 6600, a mainframe computer. In order to program in Artspeak on the CDC 6600, one had to use punch cards and utilize
Artspeak
First edition of the IEEE 754 floating-point standard
used 11 bits, like the time-tested 60-bit floating-point format of the CDC 6600 from 1965. Kahan's proposal also provided for infinities, which are useful
IEEE_754-1985
High-end IBM computer model from 1960s
The IBM System/360 Model 91 was announced in 1964 as a competitor to the CDC 6600. Functionally, the Model 91 ran like any other large-scale System/360,
IBM_System/360_Model_91
its mainframe computers. Starting with a CDC 1604, then a CDC 3600, a couple of CDC 3800s, and finally a CDC 6600. The department also had an XDS 940 timesharing
The_COED_Project
Machine instruction code that executes properly regardless of where in memory it resides
position-independent code was not necessary. Even on base and bounds systems such as the CDC 6600, the GE 625 and the UNIVAC 1107, once the OS loaded code into a job's storage
Position-independent_code
J. Lander and T. R. Parkin when, through a direct computer search on a CDC 6600, they have found the counterexample 275 + 845 + 1105 + 1335 = 1445. Their
1966_in_science
Number of transistors in a device
19, 2019. Thornton, James (1970). Design of a Computer: the Control Data 6600. p. 20. "Digital Equipment PDP-8/S". "The PDP-8/S - an exercise in cost reduction"
Transistor_count
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