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Topics referred to by the same term
Look up cofactor in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Cofactor may refer to: Cofactor (biochemistry), a substance that needs to be present in addition to
Cofactor
Non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's role as a catalyst. Cofactors can be considered "helper
Cofactor_(biochemistry)
Determinant of a subsection of a square matrix
from square matrices (first minors) are useful for calculating matrix cofactors, which are useful for computing both the determinant and inverse of square
Minor_(linear_algebra)
Modification of use and function of cofactors in an organism's metabolic pathways
Cofactor engineering, a subset of metabolic engineering, is defined as the manipulation of the use of cofactors in an organism's metabolic pathways. In
Cofactor_engineering
Large biological molecule that acts as a catalyst
activity. Others require non-protein molecules called cofactors to be bound for activity. Cofactors can be either inorganic (e.g., metal ions and iron–sulfur
Enzyme
Chemical element with atomic number 42 (Mo)
congenital cofactor deficiency. A congenital molybdenum cofactor deficiency disease, seen in infants, is an inability to synthesize molybdenum cofactor, the
Molybdenum
Chemical compound
F430 is the cofactor (sometimes called the coenzyme) of the enzyme methyl coenzyme M reductase (MCR). MCR catalyzes the reaction EC 2.8.4.1 that releases
Cofactor_F430
Cofactor of nitrogenase
FeMoco (FeMo cofactor) or M-cluster is the primary cofactor of nitrogenase. Nitrogenase is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen
FeMoco
Molybdenum cofactor sulfurtransferase (EC 2.8.1.9, molybdenum cofactor sulfurase, ABA3, MoCo sulfurase, MoCo sulfurtransferase) is an enzyme with systematic
Molybdenum cofactor sulfurtransferase
Molybdenum_cofactor_sulfurtransferase
Chemical compound which is reduced and oxidized
"From Genetic Footprinting to Antimicrobial Drug Targets: Examples in Cofactor Biosynthetic Pathways". J. Bacteriol. 184 (16): 4555–4572. doi:10.1128/JB
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide_adenine_dinucleotide
Chemical compound
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), also called methoxatin, is a redox cofactor and antioxidant. Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase is used as a glucose sensor
Pyrroloquinoline_quinone
Medical condition
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency is a rare human disease in which the absence of molybdopterin – and consequently its molybdenum complex, commonly called
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency
Molybdenum_cofactor_deficiency
Molybdenum cofactor cytidylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.76, MocA, CTP:molybdopterin cytidylyltransferase, MoCo cytidylyltransferase, Mo-MPT cytidyltransferase)
Molybdenum cofactor cytidylyltransferase
Molybdenum_cofactor_cytidylyltransferase
American biotech company
Cofactor Genomics is a biotech company that primarily focuses on drug development, medical research, and personalized medicine. Cofactor Genomics was founded
Cofactor_Genomics
Mammalian protein found in humans
Membrane cofactor protein (MCP), CD46 complement regulatory protein also known as CD46 (cluster of differentiation 46) is a protein which in humans is
Membrane_cofactor_protein
Expression of a determinant in terms of minors
the Laplace expansion, named after Pierre-Simon Laplace, also called cofactor expansion, is an expression of the determinant of an n × n-matrix B as
Laplace_expansion
Assay for live platelet function
ristocetin added in a graded fashion. It is similar to the ristocetin cofactor assay but has the added benefit in that it helps in the diagnosis of type
Ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation
Ristocetin-induced_platelet_aggregation
Theorem in Boolean algebra
{\displaystyle F_{x'}} are sometimes called the positive and negative Shannon cofactors, respectively, of F {\displaystyle F} with respect to x {\displaystyle
Boole's_expansion_theorem
Chemical compound
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4, THB), also known as sapropterin (INN), is a cofactor of the three aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes, used in the metabolism
Tetrahydrobiopterin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Heparin cofactor II (HCII), a protein encoded by the SERPIND1 gene, is a coagulation factor that inhibits IIa, and is a cofactor for heparin and dermatan
Heparin_cofactor_II
Type of chemical compound
Corroles – A closely related class of molecules, including vitamin B12 Cofactor F430 contains porphyrin. Phthalocyanine and tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine are
Porphyrin
For a square matrix, the transpose of the cofactor matrix
classical adjoint adj(A) of a square matrix A is the transpose of its cofactor matrix. It is occasionally known as adjunct matrix, or "adjoint", though
Adjugate_matrix
Chemical compound found in all domains of life with largely unexplored effects
and anaerobic sulfatases, lysine 2,3-aminomutase, and various enzymes of cofactor biosynthesis, peptide modification, metalloprotein cluster formation, tRNA
S-Adenosyl_methionine
Molybdenum cofactor guanylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.77, MobA, MoCo guanylyltransferase) is an enzyme with systematic name GTP:molybdenum cofactor guanylyltransferase
Molybdenum cofactor guanylyltransferase
Molybdenum_cofactor_guanylyltransferase
avidin can significantly increase the catalytic capacity of Rhodium(I) cofactor in aqueous phosphate buffer. Another pioneering work was conducted by Kaiser
Artificial_metalloenzyme
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Molybdenum cofactor sulfurase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MOCOS gene. MOCOS sulfurates the molybdenum cofactor of xanthine dehydrogenase
MOCOS
Enzyme linked with cofactor
activity. Others require non-protein molecules called cofactors to be bound for activity. Cofactors can be either inorganic (e.g., metal ions and iron-sulfur
Holoprotein
An azadithiolate cofactor is an anion with the formula NH(CH2S)22−. It is used as a cofactor in the [FeFe] hydrogenases, bacterial enzymes responsible
Azadithiolate_cofactor
Chemical compound and essential nutrient
dietary micronutrients. Present in every living cell, it is involved as a cofactor for enzymes in numerous metabolic processes, both in humans and in other
Biotin
Essential nutrient found in citrus fruits and other foods
enzymes for which vitamin C is a cofactor, with function potentially compromised in a deficiency state, and any enzyme cofactor or other physiological function
Vitamin_C
First protein complex in light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis
electrons that are then transferred through a variety of coenzymes and cofactors to reduce plastoquinone to plastoquinol. The energized electrons are replaced
Photosystem_II
Nicotinamide cofactor analogues (mNADs), also called nicotinamide coenzyme biomimetics (NCBs), are artificial compounds that mimic the natural nicotinamide
Nicotinamide cofactor analogues
Nicotinamide_cofactor_analogues
Protein that contains a metal ion cofactor
Metalloprotein is a generic term for a protein that contains a metal ion cofactor. A large proportion of all proteins are part of this category. For instance
Metalloprotein
Process of formation of blood clots
Protein C. The activated form, along with protein S and a phospholipid as cofactors, degrades FVa and FVIIIa. Quantitative or qualitative deficiency of either
Coagulation
Topics referred to by the same term
PQQ may refer to: Pyrroloquinoline quinone, enzyme cofactor Port Macquarie Airport, IATA Airport Code Pre-qualification questionnaire, which precedes an
PQQ
Medication
reduce the risk of death due to a rare genetic disease known as molybdenum cofactor deficiency type A. The most common side effects include complications related
Fosdenopterin
Biochemical cofactor and antioxidant
/ˌkoʊkjuː/), also known as ubiquinone, is a naturally occurring biochemical cofactor (coenzyme) and an antioxidant produced by the human body. The human body
Coenzyme_Q10
Class of chemically related vitamins
selenium. PLP is needed as a cofactor for the enzymes that allow selenium to be used from the dietary form. PLP also plays a cofactor role in releasing selenium
Vitamin_B6
Type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks a biological response
receptor antagonist NK1 receptor antagonist Vasopressin receptor antagonist Miscellaneous Cofactor (see Enzyme cofactors) Precursor (see Amino acids)
Receptor_antagonist
Biologically active form of vitamin B12
biologically active forms of vitamin B12. Adenosylcobalamin participates as a cofactor in radical-mediated 1,2-carbon skeleton rearrangements. These processes
Adenosylcobalamin
Loss of structure in proteins and nucleic acids due to external stress
from conformational change and loss of solubility or dissociation of cofactors to aggregation due to the exposure of hydrophobic groups. The loss of
Denaturation_(biochemistry)
Active form of vitamin B6
deamination of GABA, where it is a cofactor of GABA aminotransferase. Metabolism of ornithine. Pyridoxal phosphate is a cofactor of ornithine decarboxylase.
Pyridoxal_phosphate
Biosynthetic enzyme
the Fe(IV) cofactor is reduced to Fe(III), undergoing a second reduction to Fe(II) and loss of the nascent hydroxy ligand. AsqJ's iron cofactor is then reoxidized
AsqJ
Use of molybdenum by organisms
molybdopterin to give the molybdenum cofactor. The only known exception is nitrogenase, which uses the FeMoco cofactor, which has the formula Fe7MoS9C. In
Molybdenum_in_biology
Class of chemical compounds
located in the mitochondrial membrane. Both enzymes require cofactors: COMT uses Mg2+ as a cofactor while MAO uses FAD. The first step of the catabolic process
Catecholamine
Heterocyclic ligand that can complex molybdenum to form a Mo-cofactor
Molybdopterins are a class of cofactors found in most molybdenum-containing and all tungsten-containing enzymes. Synonyms for molybdopterin are: MPT and
Molybdopterin
Class of drugs
Racetams, also sometimes known simply as pyrrolidones, are a class of drugs that share a pyrrolidone nucleus. Many, but not all, specifically have a 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine
Racetam
Catalysis of chemical reactions by enzymes
ions or specialized organic molecules known as cofactor (e.g. adenosine triphosphate). Many cofactors are vitamins, and their role as vitamins is directly
Enzyme_catalysis
Protein-coding gene in humans
Cofactor of BRCA1, also known as COBRA1, is a human gene that encodes NELF-B. NELF-B is a subunit of negative elongation factor (NELF), which also includes
Cofactor_of_BRCA1
Redox-active proteins containing a heme with a Fe atom as a cofactor
proteins containing a heme, with a central iron (Fe) atom at its core, as a cofactor. They are involved in the electron transport chain and redox catalysis
Cytochrome
Chemical compound
the required cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin by dihydrobiopterin reductase. Dihydrobiopterin is an intermediate in the pathway to the cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin
Dihydrobiopterin
Chemical compound
Only the (R)-(+)-enantiomer (RLA) exists in nature. RLA is an essential cofactor of many processes. Lipoic acid contains two sulfur atoms connected by a
Lipoic_acid
Chemical compound
Biopterins are pterin derivatives which function as endogenous enzyme cofactors in many species of animals and in some bacteria and fungi. The prototypical
Biopterin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Tubulin-folding cofactor B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBCB gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000105254 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:
TBCB
Protein domain
In molecular biology, the Cofactor transferase family is a family of protein domains that includes biotin protein ligases, lipoate-protein ligases A, octanoyl-(acyl
Cofactor_transferase_family
Multienzyme complex
however, share the same E3 component and depend on the same essential cofactors: thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), lipoic acid, FAD, NAD+, and CoA. Beyond
2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase complex
2-oxoadipate_dehydrogenase_complex
Type of cascade reaction of the complement system
iC3b. Factor I requires a C3b-binding protein cofactor such as complement factor H, CR1, or membrane cofactor of proteolysis (MCP or CD46) Complement factor
Alternative complement pathway
Alternative_complement_pathway
Group of vitamins
and infant formulas, may contain B vitamins. Each B vitamin is either a cofactor (generally a coenzyme) for key metabolic processes or is a precursor needed
B_vitamins
Study of biologically active molecules that contain carbon-metal bonds
of naturally occurring bioorganometallic compounds were the cobalamin cofactors (vitamin B12) in its various forms. In the 21st century, as a result of
Bioorganometallic_chemistry
Metabolic redox process producing energy in the absence of oxygen
catabolized and their electrons are transferred to other organic molecules (cofactors, coenzymes, etc.). Anaerobic glycolysis is a related term used to describe
Fermentation
Molecules which bind other molecules
side chains in peptides and proteins as well as of NAD(P)+ and similar cofactors. For example, both types of compounds inhibit the oxidation reactions
Molecular_tweezers
Class of enzymes
to the FeMo cofactors. Each FeMo cofactor then acts as a site for nitrogen fixation, with N2 binding in the central cavity of the cofactor. The MoFe protein
Nitrogenase
Class of enzymes
P450 (P450s or CYPs) are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that mostly, but not exclusively, function as monooxygenases. However,
Cytochrome_P450
Biological process to convert light into chemical energy
signaling. Blue nodes: amino acid metabolism. Grey nodes: vitamin and cofactor metabolism. Brown nodes: nucleotide and protein metabolism. Green nodes:
Photosynthesis
Redox-active coenzyme
proteins, however, generate and maintain a super oxidized form of the flavin cofactor, the flavin-N(5)-oxide. Flavoproteins were first discovered in 1879 by
Flavin_adenine_dinucleotide
Chemical compound
metabolism. Fritz Lipmann won the Nobel Prize in 1953 for his discovery of the cofactor coenzyme A. Acetyl-CoA is a metabolic intermediate that is involved in
Acetyl-CoA
Chemical similar in structure to vitamin B12
group of vitamers. It has no vitamin activity in humans, but can act as a cofactor in some microbial enzymes. Pseudovitamin B12 is the majority corrinoid
Pseudovitamin_B12
Sex-specific adaptations
these sexually dimorphic traits may involve transcription factors or cofactors rather than regulatory sequences. Sexual dimorphism may also influence
Sexual_dimorphism
Species of virus affecting humans and animals
It encodes seven structural proteins: nucleoprotein (NP), polymerase cofactor (VP35), (VP40), GP, transcription activator (VP30), VP24, and RNA-dependent
Zaire_ebolavirus
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein 1 is a protein that in humans and other animals, fungi, and cellular slime molds, is encoded by the MOCS1 gene
MOCS1
Class of enzymes
various physiological conditions such as pH and the presence of certain cofactors. All known reactions have been observed to share the same initial steps
Myrosinase
Class of enzymes
Nitrile hydratases (NHases; EC 4.2.1.84) are mononuclear iron or non-corrinoid cobalt enzymes that catalyse the hydration of diverse nitriles to their
Nitrile_hydratase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
protein that in humans is encoded by the TBCE gene. Cofactor E is one of four proteins (cofactors A, D, E, and C) involved in the pathway leading to correctly
TBCE
This is a list of adrenergic drugs. These are pharmaceutical drugs, naturally occurring compounds and other chemicals that influence the function of the
List_of_adrenergic_drugs
Psychedelic drug
indolethylamine-N-methyltransferase (INMT) catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from cofactor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), via nucleophilic attack, to tryptamine. This
Dimethyltryptamine
Chemical compound
sulfite reductase enzymes. It is also the biosynthetic precursor to cofactor F430, a cofactor which catalyzes the release of methane in the final step of methanogenesis
Sirohydrochlorin
Covalently bonded non-protein part of an enzyme
property. Prosthetic groups are a subset of cofactors. Loosely bound metal ions and coenzymes are still cofactors, but are generally not called prosthetic
Prosthetic_group
Enzyme involved in redox reactions
electron acceptor. This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP+ or NAD+ as cofactors. Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria
Oxidoreductase
Chemical compound and essential nutrient
superfamily of iron–sulfur proteins, which use S-adenosyl methionine as a cofactor. The starting material is 5-aminoimidazole ribotide, which undergoes a
Thiamine
Metabolic pathways to build molecules
Macromolecules are created from smaller molecules using enzymes and cofactors. Anabolism is powered by catabolism, where large molecules are broken
Anabolism
Intermediate or end product of metabolism
inhibitory effects on enzymes, catalytic activity of their own (usually as a cofactor to an enzyme), defense, and interactions with other organisms (e.g. pigments
Metabolite
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
proteins (cofactors A, D, E, and C) involved in the pathway leading to correctly folded beta-tubulin from folding intermediates. Cofactors A and D are
TBCA
Mammalian protein found in humans
H2O CBS uses the cofactor pyridoxal-phosphate (PLP) and can be allosterically regulated by effectors such as the ubiquitous cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine
Cystathionine_beta_synthase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
MOCS3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MOCS3 gene. Molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) is necessary for the function of all molybdoenzymes. One of the
MOCS3
Organic reaction
dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor. In the catalytic cycle (see figure on the right), the cellular redox equivalent NADPH first reduces the cofactor, which allows
Baeyer–Villiger_oxidation
Chemical compound or ion
the biochemical context. Some enzymes use bromide as substrate or as a cofactor. Bromoperoxidase enzymes use bromide (typically in seawater) to generate
Bromide
Organic compound containing the group >C=N–
reversibly reacts with an aldehyde or ketone of a cofactor or substrate. The common enzyme cofactor pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) forms a Schiff base with
Schiff_base
Hypothetical stage in the early evolutionary history of life on Earth
cofactors contain both nucleotide and amino-acid characteristics, it may be that amino acids, peptides, and finally proteins initially were cofactors
RNA_world
This is a list of dopaminergic drugs. These are pharmaceutical drugs, naturally occurring compounds and other chemicals that influence the function of
List_of_dopaminergic_drugs
Class of enzymes
dioxygenases fully incorporate dioxygen into a single substrate, and a variety of cofactor schemes are utilized to achieve this. For example, in the α-ketoglutarate-dependent
Dioxygenase
On the number of spanning trees in a graph
spanning trees in a graph. It states that this number can be computed as any cofactor of the graph's Laplacian matrix. This shows in particular that the number
Kirchhoff's_theorem
Set of chemical reactions in organisms
being most abundant of those. Metal cofactors are bound tightly to specific sites in proteins; although enzyme cofactors can be modified during catalysis
Metabolism
Type of protein
molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis. Mutations in this gene may be associated with the neurological condition hyperekplexia and also lead to molybdenum cofactor deficiency
Gephyrin
Sulfur-containing amino acid
intruded into the final version of the genetic code due to its role in the cofactor S-adenosylmethionine (rSAM). This situation is not unique and may have
Methionine
Cofactor of both fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis
(ArCP), and the peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) are a family of protein cofactors that participate in fatty acid (acyl), polyketide (acyl and aryl), and
Acyl_carrier_protein
Chemical element with atomic number 16 (S)
(biotin and thiamine) are organosulfur compounds crucial for life. Many cofactors also contain sulfur, including glutathione, and iron–sulfur proteins.
Sulfur
Class of enzymes
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate can be used as an alternative cofactor. The enzyme is a flavin-containing monooxygenase that uses molecular oxygen
Taxifolin_8-monooxygenase
Energy-carrying molecule in living cells
citric acid cycle and glycolysis. In the presence of air and various cofactors and enzymes, fatty acids are converted to acetyl-CoA. The pathway is called
Adenosine_triphosphate
German polymath (1646–1716)
His works show calculating the determinants using cofactors. Calculating the determinant using cofactors is named the Leibniz formula. Finding the determinant
Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz
Chemical element with atomic number 82 (Pb)
on many enzymes, or mimicking and displacing other metals that act as cofactors in many enzymatic reactions. The essential metals that lead interacts
Lead
COFACTOR
COFACTOR
COFACTOR
COFACTOR
Boy/Male
British, English, Russian
Form of Robert
Male
English
 English form of Spanish Gaspar, KASPER means "treasure bearer." Early Christians assigned names to the three Magi ("wise men from the east") who visited the baby Jesus. They are mentioned but not named in the bible; Kasper is one of them, the other two are Balthasar and Melchior. Also spelled Casper and Jasper. Compare with another form of Kasper.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Falcon
Boy/Male
Latin
Flowering.
Girl/Female
French American Greek Irish Latin
From a surname derived from the Old French 'aveline' meaning hazelnut.
Girl/Female
Tamil
Girl/Female
British, English
Broad Field
Girl/Female
Indian, Marathi
Gorgeous
Boy/Male
Greek Hebrew
Superior; best of thinkers. Famous Bearers: ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, and Greek...
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
The Great
COFACTOR
COFACTOR
COFACTOR
COFACTOR
COFACTOR