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Value that is not changed during execution
In computer programming, a constant is a value that is not altered by the program during normal execution. When associated with an identifier, a constant
Constant (computer programming)
Constant_(computer_programming)
Topics referred to by the same term
unchanging Constant (computer programming), a value that, unlike a variable, cannot be reassociated with a different value Logical constant, a symbol in
Constant
Programming language construct specifying an identifier's properties
In computer programming, a declaration in a syntactic language construct is the process of specifying identifier properties for its initialization: it
Declaration (computer programming)
Declaration_(computer_programming)
General-purpose programming language
programming languages, with C compilers available for practically all modern computer architectures and operating systems. The book The C Programming
C_(programming_language)
Numeric value with an unclear meaning
In computer programming, a magic number or magic constant is a numeric literal in source code whose meaning is unclear to the reader. The term is also
Magic_number_(programming)
fields, including terms relevant to software, data science, and computer programming. Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See
Glossary_of_computer_science
Procedural programming language
putchar(col%50?' ':'*n'); } putchar('*n*n'); } v[2000]; n 2000; "B - computer programming language". Encyclopedia Britannica. Thompson, Ken (7 January 1972)
B_(programming_language)
Instructions a computer can execute
A computer program is a sequence or set of instructions in a programming language for a computer to execute. It is one component of software, which also
Computer_program
Sequence of program instructions invokable by other software
In computer programming, a function (also procedure, method, subroutine, routine, or subprogram) is a callable unit of software logic that has a well-formed
Function (computer programming)
Function_(computer_programming)
Control flow statement that branches according to a Boolean expression
In computer programming, a conditional statement directs program control flow based on the value of a condition; a Boolean expression. A conditional expression
Conditional (computer programming)
Conditional_(computer_programming)
Notation for representing a fixed value in source code
In computer science, a literal is a textual representation (notation) of a value as it is written in source code. Almost all programming languages have
Literal (computer programming)
Literal_(computer_programming)
Software that executes source code directly
used as early as 1952 to ease programming within the limitations of computers at the time (e.g. a shortage of program storage space, or no native support
Interpreter_(computing)
Traditional first example of a computer programming language
"Hello, world" program in a given programming language. This is one measure of a programming language's ease of use. Since the program is meant as an
Hello,_world
Low-level programming language family
many programmers. There are still certain computer programming domains in which the use of assembly programming is more common: Writing code for systems
Assembly_language
Ability of a process to examine and modify itself
In computer science, reflective programming or reflection is the ability of a process to examine, introspect, and modify its own structure and behavior
Reflective_programming
Programming paradigm in which many processes are executed simultaneously
brought parallel computing to desktop computers. Thus parallelization of serial programs has become a mainstream programming task. In 2012 quad-core processors
Parallel_computing
Function definition that is not bound to an identifier
In computer programming, an anonymous function (function literal, lambda function, or block) is a function definition that is not bound to an identifier
Anonymous_function
First electronic general-purpose digital computer
2013). "Programming the ENIAC". Programming the ENIAC. Columbia University. Retrieved May 16, 2016. Alt, Franz (July 1972). "Archaeology of computers: reminiscences
ENIAC
Named container for a particular type of data
Furthermore, the variables can also be constants if the value is defined statically. Variables in computer programming are frequently given long names to
Variable (high-level programming language)
Variable_(high-level_programming_language)
Object which stores memory addresses in a computer program
variables to be among computer science's "most valuable treasures." — Donald Knuth, Structured Programming, with go to Statements In computer science, a pointer
Pointer (computer programming)
Pointer_(computer_programming)
Person who writes computer software
A programmer, computer programmer or coder is an author of computer source code, or someone with skill in computer programming. The professional titles
Programmer
Named set of data type values
In computer programming, an enumerated type is a data type consisting of a set of named values called elements, members, enumeral, or enumerators of the
Enumerated_type
Sequence of characters, data type
In computer programming, a string is traditionally a sequence of characters, either as a literal constant or as some kind of variable. The latter may allow
String_(computer_science)
Programming paradigm based on applying and composing functions
In computer science, functional programming is a programming paradigm where programs are constructed by applying and composing functions. It is a declarative
Functional_programming
Computer program
y-cruncher is a computer program used for the calculation of some mathematical constant with theoretical accuracy limited only by computing time and available
Y-cruncher
anti-patterns. Some relate to software design, object-oriented programming, computer programming, methodological, configuration management, DevOps, and other
List of software anti-patterns
List_of_software_anti-patterns
Symbol affixed to a variable name
In computer programming, a sigil (/ˈsɪdʒəl/) is a symbol affixed to a variable name, showing the variable's datatype or scope, usually a prefix, as in
Sigil_(computer_programming)
Functional programming language for arrays
symbols instead of APL symbols. APL (named after the book A Programming Language) is a programming language developed in the 1960s by Kenneth E. Iverson. Its
APL_(programming_language)
1951 computer animation
Bouncing Ball was an early interactive computer graphics program developed for the Whirlwind I computer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Bouncing Ball (computer program)
Bouncing_Ball_(computer_program)
People who develop and maintain software
programming team is a team of people who develop or maintain computer software. They may be organised in numerous ways, but the egoless programming team
Programming_team
Programmable machine that processes data
electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as programs, which enable computers to perform a wide range of tasks. The term computer system
Computer
Base of natural logarithms
(1997). The Art of Computer Programming. Vol. I. Addison-Wesley. p. 183. ISBN 0-201-03801-3. Steven Finch (2003). Mathematical constants. Cambridge University
E_(mathematical_constant)
Part of a computer program where a given name binding is valid
In computer programming, the scope of a name binding (an association of a name to an entity, such as a variable) is the part of a program in which the
Scope_(computer_programming)
Programming language family
programming language for artificial intelligence (AI) research. As one of the earliest programming languages, Lisp pioneered many ideas in computer science
Lisp_(programming_language)
Syntactic entity in a programming language with a determinable value
In computer science, an expression is a syntactic entity in a programming language that may be evaluated to determine its value of a specific semantic
Expression_(computer_science)
Expression in computer science which cannot be evaluated further
In computer science and software programming, a value is the representation of some entity that can be manipulated by a program. The members of a type
Value_(computer_science)
Programming paradigm based on modeling the logic of a computation
In computer science, declarative programming is a programming paradigm that expresses the logic of a computation without fully describing its control flow
Declarative_programming
Educational computer programming language
CESIL, or Computer Education in Schools Instruction Language, is a programming language designed to introduce pupils in British secondary schools to elementary
CESIL
Concept in game programming
responsiveness. In graphics programming, the term is usually used for variably updating scenery based on the elapsed time since the program last updated (i.e.
Delta_timing
In computer science, sparse conditional constant propagation (SCCP) is an optimization frequently applied in compilers after conversion to static single
Sparse conditional constant propagation
Sparse_conditional_constant_propagation
time. The machine was in almost constant use for the next ten years. The theoretical basis for the stored-program computer was proposed by Alan Turing in
History_of_computing_hardware
19th century proposed mechanical computer
proposed digital mechanical general-purpose computer designed by the English mathematician and computer pioneer Charles Babbage. It was first described
Analytical_engine
Technique for creating lexically scoped first class functions
History of Functional Programming Languages" (PDF). International Symposium on Trends in Functional Programming. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol. 7829
Closure (computer programming)
Closure_(computer_programming)
Programming variable that persists for the lifetime of the program
In computer programming, a static variable is a variable that has been allocated "statically", meaning that its lifetime (or "extent") is the entire run
Static_variable
Software that provides access that hides details
planning. Computer languages can be processed with a computer. An example of this abstraction process is the generational development of programming language
Abstraction (computer science)
Abstraction_(computer_science)
Guidance and navigation computer used in Apollo spacecraft
The Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) is a digital computer produced for the Apollo program that was installed on board each Apollo command module (CM) and
Apollo_Guidance_Computer
Method for algorithm analysis in computer science
In computer science, amortized analysis is a method for analyzing a given algorithm's complexity, or how much of a resource, especially time or memory
Amortized_analysis
High-level programming language first released in 1980
for example, inside a loop. Computer programming portal Ada compilers ALGOL 68 – Programming language APSE – Programming environment specificationPages
Ada_(programming_language)
Programming language with hardware abstraction
high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer. In contrast to low-level programming languages
High-level programming language
High-level_programming_language
Software that translates code from one programming language to another
"compiler" is primarily used for programs that translate source code from a high-level programming language to a low-level programming language (e.g., assembly
Compiler
Model that describes the programmable interface of a computer processor
architecture (ISA) is an abstract model that defines the programmable interface of the CPU of a computer, defining how software interacts with hardware. A device
Instruction_set_architecture
Concise notation for large or small numbers
quadruple precision. The MATLAB programming language supports the use of either "E" or "D". The ALGOL 60 (1960) programming language uses a subscript ten
Scientific_notation
Computer program that modifies other programs to replicate itself and spread
A computer virus is a type of malware that, when executed, replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code into those
Computer_virus
Keyword used in some programming languages to tag variables
In computer programming, a variable is said to be volatile if its value can be read or modified asynchronously by something other than the current thread
Volatile (computer programming)
Volatile_(computer_programming)
Improving the efficiency of software
In computer science, program optimization, code optimization, or software optimization is the process of modifying a software system to make some aspect
Program_optimization
System with multiple networked computers
be considered. A computer program that runs within a distributed system is called a distributed program, and distributed programming is the process of
Distributed_computing
Halting probability of a random computer program
In the computer science subfield of algorithmic information theory, a Chaitin constant (Chaitin omega number) or halting probability is a real number
Chaitin's_constant
Programmable calculator produced by Texas Instruments
decimal digits of precision. Programming simple problems with the TI-59 or TI-58 is a very straightforward process. In programming mode, the TI-59 simply records
TI-59_/_TI-58
Style of computer programming
Generic programming is a style of computer programming in which algorithms are written in terms of data types to-be-specified-later that are then instantiated
Generic_programming
Collaborative method for developing software
Pair programming is a software development method in which two computer programmers work together at one workstation. One, the driver, writes source code
Pair_programming
Datum of integral data type
programming languages also permit digit group separators. The internal representation of this datum is the way the value is stored in the computer's memory
Integer_(computer_science)
Sum of the reciprocal of the Mersenne numbers
Erdős–Borwein constant", Integers, 12 (5): A23, doi:10.1515/integers-2012-0007, S2CID 122157888. Knuth, D. E. (1998), The Art of Computer Programming, Vol. 3:
Erdős–Borwein_constant
Topics referred to by the same term
Collection class, in object-oriented programming Generated collection, a musical scale formed by repeatedly adding a constant interval around the chromatic circle
Collection
Two or three characters, treated as one
In computer programming, digraphs and trigraphs are sequences of two and three characters, respectively, that appear in source code and, according to a
Digraphs and trigraphs (programming)
Digraphs_and_trigraphs_(programming)
Topics referred to by the same term
(AND, OR and NOT) Boolean operator (computer programming), part of a Boolean expression in a computer programming language An operation or operator as
Boolean_operation
Computer programming structure used to create objects
In programming, a class is a syntactic entity structure used to create objects. The capabilities of a class differ between programming languages, but
Class_(programming)
Procedural, imperative computer programming language
PL/I (Programming Language One, pronounced /piː ɛl wʌn/ and sometimes written PL/1) is a procedural, imperative computer programming language initially
PL/I
Danish computer scientist, creator of C++ (born 1950)
1950) is a Danish computer scientist, known for the development of the C++ programming language. He led the Large-scale Programming Research department
Bjarne_Stroustrup
Theoretical computer used for teaching
fully operational virtual computer, including both hardware (memory and CPU) and software (assembler, VM, Java-like programming language, and OS). In addition
Hack_computer
Software development methodology
circumstances. Defensive programming practices are often used where high availability, safety, or security is needed. Defensive programming is an approach to
Defensive_programming
Programming language developed for the US Navy
systems programming language used by the United States Navy. It was an early attempt to develop a standardized high-level computer programming language
CMS-2
Triangular array of consecutive natural numbers
first course in computer programming using PASCAL, McGraw-Hill, p. 39, ISBN 9780070335097 Peters, James F. (1986), Pascal with program design, Holt, Rinehart
Floyd's_triangle
Basic unit of a data structure
trees is in web development. In programming, XML is used to communicate information between computer programmers and computers alike. For this reason XML is
Node_(computer_science)
General-purpose programming language
character data type, structured programming (Fortran 77), array programming, modular programming, generic programming (Fortran 90), parallel computing
Fortran
Method to solve optimization problems
Linear programming is a special case of mathematical programming (also known as mathematical optimization). More formally, linear programming is a technique
Linear_programming
Measure of algorithmic complexity
description language can be based on any computer programming language, such as Lisp, Pascal, or Java. If P is a program which outputs a string x, then P is
Kolmogorov_complexity
Earliest electronic computer design
today. Even computer graphics began during the vacuum tube era with the IBM 740 CRT Data Recorder and the Whirlwind light pen. Programming languages originated
Vacuum-tube_computer
Difference between logarithm and harmonic series
{\displaystyle \log _{e}(x)} . Euler's constant (sometimes called the Euler–Mascheroni constant) is a mathematical constant, usually denoted by the lowercase
Euler's_constant
Checking software against expectations
plus when programming tools/text editors check source code structure or compilers (precompilers) check syntax and data flow as static program analysis
Software_testing
Numerical computing environment and programming language
replacing mainframe computers at the time. John Little and programmer Steve Bangert re-programmed MATLAB in C, created the MATLAB programming language, and
MATLAB
1940s–1950s British computer
Preparation of Programs for an Electronic Digital Computer in 1951, a book about programming the EDSAC. It was the first programming textbook. The subroutine
EDSAC
Rules to verify computer program correctness
reasoning rigorously about the correctness of computer programs. It was proposed in 1969 by the British computer scientist and logician Tony Hoare, and subsequently
Hoare_logic
Expression in a computer program
In computer science, a Boolean expression (also known as logical expression) is an expression used in programming languages that produces a Boolean value
Boolean_expression
Computer composed of organic material
external structure and internal programming are interdependent and unified; meaning that changes to the programming or internal communication between
Wetware_computer
Type of data structure
PHP code". Computer Programming Web programming Tips. Archived from the original on 13 April 2011. Retrieved 8 April 2011. In most computer languages array
Array_(data_structure)
Number of arguments required by a function
_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}} A constant can be treated as the output of an operation of arity 0, called a nullary operation. Also, outside of functional programming, a function
Arity
Network that allows computers to share resources and communicate with each other
In computer science, computer engineering, and telecommunications, a network is a group of communicating computers and peripherals known as hosts, which
Computer_network
Cryptographic attack
taken to execute cryptographic algorithms. Every logical operation in a computer takes time to execute, and the time can differ based on the input; with
Timing_attack
Instructional model of a computer
disadvantages of programming the LMC using numeric instruction codes are discussed below. Assembly language is a low-level programming language that uses
Little_Man_Computer
Technique in functional programming
In computer science, particularly in functional programming, hash consing is a technique used to share values that are structurally equal. When a value
Hash_consing
Data structure holding key/value pairs
2017-04-18. "Associative Arrays, the D programming language". Digital Mars. "Archives and Serializations Programming Guide", Apple Inc., 2012 Look up associative
Associative_array
Programming language that uses first order logic
logic. Unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is intended primarily as a declarative programming language: the program is a set of facts and rules
Prolog
Type whose definition depends on a value
S2CID 243831207. Dependently Typed Programming 2008 Dependently Typed Programming 2010 Dependently Typed Programming 2011 "Dependent type" at the Haskell
Dependent_type
Programming language
for generic programming in initial versions of Go drew considerable criticism. The designers expressed an openness to generic programming and noted that
Go_(programming_language)
Central computer component that executes instructions
is the primary processor in a given computer. Its electronic circuitry executes instructions of a computer program, such as arithmetic, logic, controlling
Central_processing_unit
Programming paradigm entirely based on functions
computer science, purely functional programming usually designates a programming paradigm—a style of building the structure and elements of computer programs—that
Purely_functional_programming
Setting or re-setting the value associated with a variable name
In computer programming, an assignment statement sets and/or re-sets the value stored in the storage location(s) denoted by a variable name; in other words
Assignment_(computer_science)
Formal semantics and 1998 book
Unifying Theories of Programming (UTP) in computer science deals with program semantics. It shows how denotational semantics, operational semantics, and
Unifying Theories of Programming
Unifying_Theories_of_Programming
List data structure to which elements can be added/removed
Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Functional Programming Languages and Computer Architecture: 86–95. doi:10.1145/224164.224187. Goodrich,
Dynamic_array
Programming language syntax designed for ease of use
In computer science, syntactic sugar is syntax within a programming language that is designed to make things easier to read or to express. It makes the
Syntactic_sugar
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CONSTANT COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
CONSTANT COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
CONSTANT COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
CONSTANT COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
CONSTANT COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
CONSTANT COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
CONSTANT COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
CONSTANT COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
CONSTANT COMPUTER-PROGRAMMING
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