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Encoding which maps information to a variable number of bits
length. Some examples of well-known variable-length coding strategies are Huffman coding, Lempel–Ziv coding, arithmetic coding, and context-adaptive variable-length
Variable-length_encoding
Context-adaptive variable-length coding (CAVLC) is a form of entropy coding used in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video encoding. It is an inherently lossless compression
Context-adaptive variable-length coding
Context-adaptive_variable-length_coding
Entropy coding method
Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) is a form of entropy encoding used in the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standards
Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding
Context-adaptive_binary_arithmetic_coding
Widely used standard for video compression
Video Coding (AVC), also referred to as H.264 or MPEG-4 Part 10, is a video compression standard based on block-oriented, motion-compensated coding. It
Advanced_Video_Coding
Open source API for video acceleration
prediction variable-length decoding, more commonly known as slice-level acceleration Bitstream processing (Context-adaptive variable-length coding/Context-adaptive
Video_Acceleration_API
Compact encoding of digital data
commercially introduced the modern context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) and context-adaptive variable-length coding (CAVLC) algorithms. AVC is the
Data_compression
the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC encoder with I Slices, P Slices, Context Adaptative Variable Length Coding (CAVLC), grouping of slices (Slice Group), arbitrary slice
Arbitrary_slice_ordering
Study of the properties of codes and their fitness
no source coding scheme can be better than the entropy of the source. Facsimile transmission uses a simple run length code. Source coding removes all
Coding_theory
Lossless compression algorithm
an adaptive binary range coder. The stream is divided into packets, each packet describing either a single byte, or an LZ77 sequence with its length and
LZMA
Audio codec by Sony
Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding (ATRAC) is a family of proprietary audio compression algorithms developed by Sony. MiniDisc was the first commercial
ATRAC
Computer technology
Huffman coding is an entropy encoding method and variable-length code algorithm that assigns more common values with shorter binary codes that require
Silence_compression
Video compression format, succeeds H.264/MPEG-4 AVC
video encoding due to its lower latency. HEVC uses a context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) algorithm that is fundamentally similar to CABAC
High_Efficiency_Video_Coding
Type of two-dimensional barcode
Leijun; Zhao, Huimin; Tan, Hong-Zhou (11 December 2019). "Adaptive Binarization of QR Code Images for Fast Automatic Sorting in Warehouse Systems". Sensors
QR_code
Scientific study of digital information
channel capacity. These codes can be roughly subdivided into data compression (source coding) and error-correction (channel coding) techniques. In the latter
Information_theory
Using numbers to represent text characters
context. To encode code points higher than the length of the code unit, such as above 256 for eight-bit units, the solution was to implement variable-length
Character_encoding
Technique used in signal processing and data compression
Hyperspectral Imaging coding systems, variable temporal length 3-D DCT coding, video coding algorithms, adaptive video coding and 3-D Compression. Due
Discrete_cosine_transform
Study of religious thought and behavior
How context affects comprehension and memorability of counterintuitive concepts. Cognitive Science, 31(3), 415–439. Barrett, J. L. (2008). "Coding and
Cognitive_science_of_religion
frequencies Adaptive Huffman coding: adaptive coding technique based on Huffman coding Package-merge algorithm: Optimizes Huffman coding subject to a length restriction
List_of_algorithms
Reduction of image size to save storage and transmission costs
arithmetic coding and Huffman coding Adaptive dictionary algorithms such as LZW – used in GIF and TIFF DEFLATE – used in PNG, MNG, and TIFF Chain codes The best
Image_compression
Universal lossless data compression algorithm
far. A standard entropy encoding such as Huffman coding or arithmetic coding then uses shorter codes for values with higher probabilities. The following
Lempel–Ziv–Welch
value. The variable name is the usual way to reference the stored value, in addition to referring to the variable itself, depending on the context. This separation
Glossary_of_computer_science
Machine-learning process
Identification in the Limit (PDF), vol. 10, Information and Control, pp. 447–474 QSMM – adaptive parsers for the induction of context-free grammars by template
Grammar_induction
Information transmission rate expressed in bits per second
the above is some self-synchronizing line codes, for example Manchester coding and return-to-zero (RTZ) coding, where each bit is represented by two pulses
Bit_rate
Process of mapping a continuous set to a countable set
that a fixed-length code (FLC) will be used to represent the quantized data instead of a variable-length code (or some other entropy coding technology such
Quantization (signal processing)
Quantization_(signal_processing)
Competitive algorithm for searching a problem space
time-dependence or noise in the fitness function. Genetic algorithms with adaptive parameters (adaptive genetic algorithms, AGAs) is another significant and promising
Genetic_algorithm
Audio compression technique
high coding gain for low bit rate and potential robustness against channel errors and packet loss, since it does not use any variable length coding and
TwinVQ
Evolving computer programs with techniques analogous to natural genetic processes
inherently variable in length. Even earlier, unfixed-length representations were proposed in a doctoral dissertation by Cavicchio, who explored adaptive search
Genetic_programming
Umbrella term for certain approaches to software development
Adaptive methods focus on adapting quickly to changing realities. When the needs of a project change, an adaptive team changes as well. An adaptive team
Agile_software_development
Digital electronic representation of moving visual images
becoming first practical video coding standard. Since H.261, DCT compression has been adopted by all the major video coding standards that followed. MPEG-1
Digital_video
Video codec
the encoding process. Binary arithmetic coding and two-dimensional variable-length coding based on the context are still applied in the AVS2. Loop filter
Audio_Video_Standard
Computer programming convention
example code is 4 spaces even though this varies by coding convention. Attributes of C, C++ and other curly-brace programming language coding style include
Indentation_style
Type of machine learning model
can typically generate, summarize, translate, and analyze text in many contexts, and are a foundational technology behind modern chatbots. Biased or inaccurate
Large_language_model
Type of simulation
customer-arrival event occurs, the state variable queue-length is incremented by 1, and if the state variable teller-status has the value "available",
Discrete-event_simulation
Statistical sampling techniques
manually coded into discrete variables that a statistical or machine-learning package can deal with. The more the data, the more the coding effort. (Sometimes
Oversampling and undersampling in data analysis
Oversampling_and_undersampling_in_data_analysis
Model selection principle
where the description length of a data sequence is the length of the smallest program that outputs that data set. In this context, it is also known as
Minimum_description_length
Mathematical descriptions of the properties of certain cells in the nervous system
integrate-and-fire models such as the Adaptive Exponential Integrate-and-Fire model, the spike response model, or the (linear) adaptive integrate-and-fire model can
Biological_neuron_model
Packet-oriented mobile data service for 2G and 3G networks
convolutional code. In Coding Schemes CS-1 through CS-3, the convolutional code is of rate 1/2; i.e., each input bit is converted into two coded bits. In Coding Schemes
GPRS
Unit of information
six. Thus a byte was assumed to have a length appropriate for the occasion. Its first use was in the context of the input-output equipment of the 1950s
Bit
Interpreter that enables users to enter and run programs in the BASIC language
sequential line (two bytes) Length of ASCII source statement (one byte) ASCII source statement (variable length) The maximum length of a line varied: 64 characters
BASIC_interpreter
Language for controlling a computer
variables to be specified explicitly. In some languages, types are implicit; one form of this is when the compiler can infer types based on context.
Programming_language
Radio signal transmission method
"Wireless device and method using frequency hopping and sweep modes." Adaptive frequency-hopping spread spectrum (AFH) as used in Bluetooth improves resistance
Frequency-hopping spread spectrum
Frequency-hopping_spread_spectrum
Standardized means of organizing and storing digital images
(Meta-Adaptive Near-zero Integer Arithmetic Coding) entropy encoding algorithm, a variant of the CABAC (context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding) entropy
Image_file_format
Evolution of novel genes from non-genic DNA sequence
which new genes evolve from non-coding DNA. De novo genes represent a subset of novel genes, and may be protein-coding or instead act as RNA genes. The
De_novo_gene_birth
Computing feature predicting ending to a word a user is typing
of words meaningful in the current context or namespace, such as names of variables and functions. An example of code completion is Microsoft's IntelliSense
Autocomplete
General-purpose programming language
code could be compiled on any machine with a standard FORTRAN compiler. These preprocessors would typically support structured programming, variable names
Fortran
Cryptographic protocols for securing data in transit
Application Data: variable Data of the application. The length (in bytes) of the data is indicated by the letter m. Message Authentication Code (MAC): 16, 20
Transport_Layer_Security
Measure of algorithmic complexity
by first coding the length of the program in binary, then convert the length to prefix-free coding. For example, suppose the program has length 9, then
Kolmogorov_complexity
Entropy coding methods
of arithmetic coding (which uses a nearly accurate probability distribution), with a processing cost similar to that of Huffman coding. In the tabled
Asymmetric_numeral_systems
Order of bytes in a computer word
instruction of the IBM 1401 addresses variable-length fields at their low-order (highest-addressed) position with their lengths being defined by a word mark set
Endianness
Statistical method
variability among observed, correlated variables in terms of a potentially lower number of unobserved variables called factors. For example, it is possible
Factor_analysis
Datum of integral data type
, 7 decimal digits plus a sign fit into a 32-bit word), or may be variable-length (up to some maximum digit size), typically occupying two digits per
Integer_(computer_science)
Medical condition
walking, though typically after the age of two; among those with intragenic ("coding") variants, the average age of first independent steps is approximately
CHAMP1-related neurodevelopmental disorder
CHAMP1-related_neurodevelopmental_disorder
Statistical procedure of testing by group
Although adaptive algorithms offer much more freedom in design, it is known that adaptive group-testing algorithms do not improve upon non-adaptive ones by
Group_testing
Procedural, imperative computer programming language
auto-correction when it encounters a keyword used in an incorrect context, it often assumes it is a variable name. This leads to "cascading diagnostics", a problem
PL/I
Method of data analysis
a set of p {\displaystyle p} variables is the derived variable formed as a linear combination of the original variables that explains the most variance
Principal_component_analysis
Word VLK—Volume Licensing Key VLSI—Very-Large-Scale Integration VLSM—Variable-length subnet masking VM—Virtual Machine VM—Virtual Memory VMM—Virtual Machine
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
Algorithm for modelling sequential data
Castro, Santiago; Kunze, Julius; Erhan, Dumitru (2022-09-29). "Phenaki: Variable Length Video Generation from Open Domain Textual Descriptions". arXiv:2210
Transformer_(deep_learning)
Data structure for approximate set membership
F. M. T. (2013), "A generic and adaptive aggregation service for large-scale decentralized networks", Complex Adaptive Systems Modeling, 1 (19): 19, doi:10
Bloom_filter
Lossy compression method for reducing the size of digital images
that groups similar frequencies together, inserting length coding zeros, and then using Huffman coding on what is left. The JPEG standard also allows, but
JPEG
Classification of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
m}^{(3)}h_{\ell }^{2}h_{m}^{3}\right).} A deep predictive coding network (DPCN) is a predictive coding scheme that uses top-down information to empirically
Types of artificial neural networks
Types_of_artificial_neural_networks
thanks to the growing trend of exploiting data-driven methods in the context of audio restoration. Depending on the extent of the lost information,
Audio_inpainting
Type of data compression and archival format
version 4.6 8 - Crunched: dynamic Lempel-Ziv packing with variable code size and an adaptive block reset, was added as of version 5.0. 9 - Squashed: dynamic
ARC_(file_format)
Genre in painting, where the intent is to depict a specific human subject
placed to convey the artist's interpretation. Among the other possible variables, the subject can be clothed or nude; indoors or out; standing, seated
Portrait_painting
Type of Morse code operating signal
The term 'Q-Signal' has been historically used in that context, not 'Q-Code,' - the use of 'Code' is technically a violation of F.C.C. Regulations. This
Q_code
Delimited series of characters that represent a string in code
Do not concatenate different type of string literals - Secure Coding - CERT Secure Coding Standards". Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved
String_literal
Relative direction using a dial
Course for the Farm (Lesson 158): 429–431. "Appendix C: Coding Guidelines". SEER Program Coding and Staging Manual (PDF). 2012. Walker, Neville. "Clock
Clock_position
Probability distribution and special case of gamma distribution
Gaussian Random Variables, New York: Springer, 2002, eq. (2.35), ISBN 978-0-387-34657-1 Laurent, B.; Massart, P. (2000-10-01). "Adaptive estimation of a
Chi-squared_distribution
Topological quantum error correcting code
order—Z2 topological order (first studied in the context of Z2 spin liquid in 1991). The toric code can also be considered to be a Z2 lattice gauge theory
Surface_code
Aspect of human growth
ISBN 978-8-07071-251-1. Marouli, Eirini; et al. (9 February 2017). "Rare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height". Nature. 542 (7640): 186–190. Bibcode:2017Natur
Human_height
differences in coding schemes: variables are compared with coding schemes of variables external to the data set, and possibly corrected if coding schemes are
Data_analysis
Repeating sequences of 2–13 base pairs of DNA
in non-coding parts of the human genome and therefore do not produce proteins, but they can also be located in regulatory regions and coding regions
Microsatellite
Distribution of an uncertain quantity
derived from other principles, such as information or coding theory (see e.g., minimum description length) or frequentist statistics (so-called probability
Prior_probability
Analysis and solving of problems that involve fluid flows
S2CID 53464243. Goldstein, Daniel; Vasilyev, Oleg (1995). "Stochastic coherent adaptive large eddy simulation method". Physics of Fluids A. 24 (7): 2497. Bibcode:2004PhFl
Computational_fluid_dynamics
Mathematical function conceived as a crude model
presumably due to the inherent simplicity of the coding. Another contributing factor could be that unary coding provides a certain degree of error correction
Artificial_neuron
Use of machine learning to rank items
the document, but not on the query. For example, PageRank or document's length. Such features can be precomputed in off-line mode during indexing. They
Learning_to_rank
Evolutionary algorithm
re-written as an adaptive encoding procedure applied to a simple evolution strategy with identity covariance matrix. This adaptive encoding procedure
CMA-ES
Statistical concept
notion has to be suitably modified in the context of e-values. The standard notion of quality of an e-variable relative to a given alternative H 1 {\displaystyle
E-values
Problem-solving method
(2005). "Adaptive Heuristics". Econometrica. 73 (5): 1401–30. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0262.2005.00625.x. JSTOR 3598879. Retrieved 6 May 2024. Adaptive heuristics
Heuristic
Use of functions that call themselves
programming languages: The imperative code above is equivalent to this mathematical definition using an accumulator variable t: fact ( n ) = f a c t a c c
Recursion_(computer_science)
Science of genes, heredity and variation
and distribution are studied within the context of the cell, the organism (e.g. dominance), and within the context of a population. Genetics has given rise
Genetics
Abstract data type
element popped off. The program must keep track of the size (length) of the stack, using a variable top that records the number of items pushed so far, therefore
Stack_(abstract_data_type)
Search tree data structure
ISBN 0-201-89685-0. de la Briandais, René (1959). File searching using variable length keys (PDF). Proc. Western J. Computer Conf. pp. 295–298. doi:10.1145/1457838
Trie
Subset of artificial intelligence
entire history can be used for optimal data compression (by using arithmetic coding on the output distribution). Conversely, an optimal compressor can be used
Machine_learning
Scoring system for assessing the severity of liver disease
includes nine variables as effective predictors for 90-day mortality after a discharge from a cirrhosis-related admission. The variables include all Model
MELD-Plus
Units that are not part of a coherent system
to measure distances in horse racing – a horse length (shortened to merely a length when the context makes it obvious) equals roughly 8 feet or 2.4 metres
List of non-coherent units of measurement
List_of_non-coherent_units_of_measurement
System to help searching for information
character errors in the form of character codes. Furthermore, the chip allowed nonanchor string search and variable-length `don't care' (VLDC) string search.
Search_engine_(computing)
Algorithm for finding shortest paths
returns the length of the edge joining (i.e. the distance between) the two neighbor-nodes u and v. The variable alt on line 14 is the length of the path
Dijkstra's_algorithm
Partitioning a digital image into segments
Huffman coding to encode the difference chain code of the contours in an image. Thus, the smoother a boundary is, the shorter coding length it attains
Image_segmentation
Algorithm for finding zeros of functions
above can be extended to systems of equations in multiple variables, although in that context the relevant concepts of monotonicity and concavity are more
Newton's_method
Sets of characteristics to segment companies and other organizations
segmentation variables are those associated with an NAICS or SIC code. NAICS refers to the North American Industry Classification System adapted by the U
Firmographics
Functional programming language for arrays
following example, also Dyalog, the first line assigns some HTML code to a variable txt and then uses an APL expression to remove all the HTML tags:
APL_(programming_language)
Research method for studying documents and communication artifacts
before coding. The codebook includes detailed instructions for human coders plus clear definitions of the respective concepts or variables to be coded plus
Content_analysis
Species of bird
Their plumage is also more variable, often with extensive white. Although the Muscovy duck is a tropical bird, it adapts well to cooler climates, thriving
Muscovy_duck
Machine learning technique
speech recognition, where the entire sequences are available, but with variable lengths. In a batch, the smaller sequences are padded with zeroes to match
Normalization (machine learning)
Normalization_(machine_learning)
Methods of delivering voice communications and multimedia over IP networks
stereo codecs. The most widely used speech coding standards in VoIP are based on the linear predictive coding (LPC) and modified discrete cosine transform
Voice_over_IP
Improving the efficiency of software
dynamic technique of adaptive optimization. Self-modifying code can alter itself in response to run time conditions in order to optimize code; this was more
Program_optimization
Mid-size luxury SUV
60 degree layout), twin variable geometry turbochargers and inlet valve deactivation. All engine variants are mated to an adaptive six-speed ZF 6HP transmission
Range_Rover_Sport
General-purpose programming language
did not support that were incompatible or redundant in C++, such as variable-length arrays, native complex-number types (however, the std::complex class
C++
Signalling device to control competing flows of traffic
used for other purposes, including the control of pedestrian movements, variable lane control (such as tidal flow systems or smart motorways), and railway
Traffic_light
Evolutionary algorithm
size. However, these fixed length strings code for expression trees of different sizes. This means that the size of the coding regions varies from gene
Gene_expression_programming
CONTEXT ADAPTIVE-VARIABLE-LENGTH-CODING
CONTEXT ADAPTIVE-VARIABLE-LENGTH-CODING
Surname or Lastname
English (Devon)
English (Devon) : unexplained.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Prineet | பà¯à®°à®¿à®¨à¯€à®¤
Content, Satisfied
Prineet | பà¯à®°à®¿à®¨à¯€à®¤
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of the numerous places (in at least sixteen counties, but especially Leigh in Lancashire) named either with the nominative case of Old English lēah ‘woodland clearing’ (see Lee) or with lēage, a late dative form of this word (see Lye).
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Content
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Content
Female
Romanian
Pet form of Romanian Ileana, possibly LENUTA means "torch."
Girl/Female
Tamil
Content
Boy/Male
Sikh
True content
Surname or Lastname
Italian
Italian : from the title of rank conte ‘count’ (from Latin comes, genitive comitis ‘companion’). Probably in this sense (and the Late Latin sense of ‘traveling companion’), it was a medieval personal name; as a title it was no doubt applied ironically as a nickname for someone with airs and graces or simply for someone who worked in the service of a count.English : variant of Count, cognate with 1.French : nickname for someone in the service of a count or for someone who behaved pretentiously, from Old French conte, cunte ‘count’ (of the same derivation as 1).French (Conté) : variant of Comté (see Comte).
Boy/Male
Tamil
Content
Male
Swedish
Modern form of Swedish Benkt, BENGT means "blessed."Â
Girl/Female
Tamil
Complete, Content
Male
Scottish
Scottish surname transferred to forename use, derived from the name of a river of Celtic origin, LEITH means "flowing water."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Sarnvar | ஸரà¯à®¨à®µà®¾à®°
Content, Best
Sarnvar | ஸரà¯à®¨à®µà®¾à®°
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Kenneth, KENITH means both "born of fire" and "comely; finely made."
Boy/Male
Anglo, British, English
Variable
Female
Swedish
Feminine form of Swedish Bengt, BENGTA means "blessed."Â
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the feminine personal name Mirabel, equated in medieval records with Latin mirabilis ‘marvellous’, ‘wonderful’ (in the sense ‘extraordinary’).
Girl/Female
Hindu
Content
Male
English
Variant spelling of English unisex Lee, LEIGH means "meadow."Â
CONTEXT ADAPTIVE-VARIABLE-LENGTH-CODING
CONTEXT ADAPTIVE-VARIABLE-LENGTH-CODING
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit, Tamil
Time
Male
Serbian
Serbian form of Greek Michaēl, MIHAJLO means "who is like God?"
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an unattested Old English personal name Lēofhering, Lēofring ‘son of Lēofhere’, a personal name composed of the elements lēof ‘dear’, ‘beloved’ + here ‘army’.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Love to Meet different persons, A friend
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
One who Adornes Mountain; Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Tamil
Maharavanamardana | மஹாராவணமரà¯à®¤à®¾à®¨à®¾
Slayer of the famous Ravana
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Chief leader, Joy, Delight
Girl/Female
English American
Bright wood; bright meadow; from the white meadow. Famous Bearers: child star Shirley Temple.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Wealth
Boy/Male
Australian, Dutch, French, German
Ready for Battle; Noble and Ready
CONTEXT ADAPTIVE-VARIABLE-LENGTH-CODING
CONTEXT ADAPTIVE-VARIABLE-LENGTH-CODING
CONTEXT ADAPTIVE-VARIABLE-LENGTH-CODING
CONTEXT ADAPTIVE-VARIABLE-LENGTH-CODING
CONTEXT ADAPTIVE-VARIABLE-LENGTH-CODING
n.
The dative case. See Dative, a., 1.
n.
That which is variable; that which varies, or is subject to change.
a.
The quality or state of being long, in space or time; extent; duration; as, some sea birds are remarkable for the length of their wings; he was tired by the length of the sermon, and the length of his walk.
pl.
of Content
a.
Convex on both sides; double convex. See under Convex, a.
n.
Concert of voices; concord of sounds; harmony; as, a concent of notes.
a.
Having the capacity of varying or changing; capable of alternation in any manner; changeable; as, variable winds or seasons; a variable quantity.
adv.
At full length; lengthwise.
a.
Detail or amplification; unfolding; continuance as, to pursue a subject to a great length.
a.
A single piece or subdivision of a series, or of a number of long pieces which may be connected together; as, a length of pipe; a length of fence.
v. t.
To lengthen.
a.
Pertaining to adoption; made or acquired by adoption; fitted to adopt; as, an adoptive father, an child; an adoptive language.
a.
Adaptive.
a.
Suited, given, or tending, to adaptation; characterized by adaptation; capable of adapting.
n.
A quantity which may increase or decrease; a quantity which admits of an infinite number of values in the same expression; a variable quantity; as, in the equation x2 - y2 = R2, x and y are variables.
a.
Liable to vary; too susceptible of change; mutable; fickle; unsteady; inconstant; as, the affections of men are variable; passions are variable.
v. t.
To context.
a.
Of or pertaining to bondage or confinement; serving to confine; as, captive chains; captive hours.
adv.
In a variable manner.
a.
Invariable.