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Any cell which responds to stimuli and effects some change
In cell biology, an effector cell is any of various types of cell that actively responds to a stimulus and effects some change (brings it about). Examples
Effector_cell
Subset of T lymphocytes
effector cells. Effector cells undergo active cytokine secretion and other effector activities. After antigen clearance, some of these effector cells
Memory_T_cell
Device at the end of a robot arm
welding end effector A laser welding end effector A repair and observation end effector in use in space (Canadarm2 Latching End Effector) Grapple (tool)
Robot_end_effector
Cell-mediated killing of other cells mediated by antibodies
antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, is a mechanism of cell-mediated immune defense whereby an effector cell of the immune system kills a target cell, whose
Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Antibody-dependent_cellular_cytotoxicity
Type of immune cell
and their effector cytokines are IFN-γ and IL-2. The main effector cells of Th1 immunity are macrophages as well as CD8 T cells, IgG B cells, and IFN-γ
T_helper_cell
Small molecule affecting biological activity
an effector is a general term that can refer to several types of molecules or cells. In the context of biological system regulation, an effector is an
Effector_(biology)
White blood cells of the immune system
disease. Treg cells are immunosuppressive and generally suppress or downregulate induction and proliferation of effector T cells. Treg cells express the
Regulatory_T_cell
Type of cytotoxic lymphocyte
circulation. NK cells differ from natural killer T cells (NKTs) phenotypically, by origin and by respective effector functions; often, NKT cell activity promotes
Natural_killer_cell
Type of white blood cell
cell death, and it is carried out by two major subtypes: CD8+ "killer" (cytotoxic, Effector tumor antigen-specific T cells) and CD4+ "helper" T cells
T_cell
Type of white blood cell
B-cell receptors. When a naïve or memory B cell is activated by an antigen, it proliferates and differentiates into an antibody-secreting effector cell
B_cell
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up effector in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Effector may refer to: Effector (biology), a molecule that binds to a protein and thereby alters the
Effector
Blood cancer characterized by overproduction of lymphoblasts
T-cells. This effect has been attributed to making an immunologic space within which the cells populate. The process as a whole results in an effector cell
Acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia
Genetically engineered T cell
kinetics in terms of T cell activation. CD28-CARs promote a rapid and strong T cell expansion, but a shorter effector T cell survival, whereas 4-1BB-CARs
CAR_T_cell
Immune system process
antibodies enhances pathogen identification and recruitment of immune effector cells, ultimately accelerating microbial clearance through phagocytic destruction
Antibody_opsonization
Enzymes that cleave DNA in specific ways
activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) are restriction enzymes that can be engineered to cut specific sequences of DNA. They are made by fusing a TAL effector DNA-binding
Transcription activator-like effector nuclease
Transcription_activator-like_effector_nuclease
Immune response that does not involve antibodies
activated effector T cells after encountering antigen-presenting cells (APCs). These APCs, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells, in some circumstances
Cell-mediated_immunity
T cell that kills infected, damaged or cancerous cells
these naive and memory T cells are activated, giving rise to effector T cells that have the capacity to kill pathogens or tumor cells. The threshold for activation
Cytotoxic_T_cell
White blood cell that secretes large volumes of antibodies
Plasma cells, also called plasma B cells or effector B cells, are white blood cells that originate in the lymphoid organs as B cells and secrete large
Plasma_cell
Protein(s) forming a major part of an organism's immune system
cell activity: it is where effector molecules bind to, triggering various effects after the antibody Fab region binds to an antigen. Effector cells (such
Antibody
T cells with some properties of natural killer cells
natural killer T cells into three groups has been proposed: NKT cells differentiate into effector cells in the thymus unlike conventional T cells which differentiate
Natural_killer_T_cell
T cell subset
Gamma delta T cells (γδ T cells) are T cells that have a γδ T-cell receptor (TCR) on their surface. Most T cells are αβ (alpha beta) T cells with TCR composed
Gamma_delta_T_cell
Subsystem of the immune system
helper T cell (predominately Th2 type)), it further differentiates into an effector cell, known as a plasma cell. Plasma cells are short-lived cells (2–3
Adaptive_immune_system
Group of autoimmune diseases resulting in abnormal growth of connective tissue
B cells mature into plasma cells, which furthers the autoimmune component of the condition. T cells differentiate into subsets, including Th2 cells, which
Scleroderma
Activation or suppression of the immune system to treat disease
factors. Cell-based immunotherapies are effective for some cancers. Immune effector cells such as lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer
Immunotherapy
First contact antigen-specific T helper cell precursors have with an antigen
CD8 T cells generates cytotoxic T cells capable of directly killing pathogen-infected cells. CD4 cells develop into a diverse array of effector cell types
Priming_(immunology)
Gene therapy medication
warning for cytokine release syndrome, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, and T-cell malignancies. The most common side effects include
Obecabtagene_autoleucel
Subtype of white blood cell
tumor cells. The lymphocytes involved in adaptive immunity (i.e. B and T cells) differentiate further after exposure to an antigen; they form effector and
Lymphocyte
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
of effector function in cells lacking TOX is not always seen and it has been proposed that inhibitory receptor function is separated from effector CD8+
TOX
System of signaling molecules within a cell
membrane, eventually contacts another cell surface receptor - the "primary effector."[citation needed] The primary effector then has an action, which creates
Second_messenger_system
Immune system theory
target cells and initiate a lytic response by the effector cells. NK cells are considered key effector cells triggering ADCC. Since NK cells only possess
Tumour_surveillance_theory
Monoclonal antibody
cytokine release syndrome and neurologic toxicity, including immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, as well as warnings and precautions
Tarlatamab
Some bacteria inject only a few effectors into their host's cells while others may inject dozens or even hundreds. Effector proteins may have many different
Bacterial_effector_protein
Group of innate immune cells that are derived from common lymphoid progenitors
cell markers, ILC3s differ greatly from NK cells, with different developmental pathways and effector functions. Lymphoid tissue inducer or LTi cells are
Innate_lymphoid_cell
Change in refractive index of a material in response to an applied electric field
constants. A glass cell filled with one of these liquids is called a Kerr cell. These are frequently used to modulate light, since the Kerr effect responds very
Kerr_effect
Primary cell of the nervous system
(motor neurons) transmit signals from the central nervous system to the effector cells. Interneurons connect neurons within specific regions of the central
Neuron
Protein-coding gene in humans
Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector b, also known as CIDEB, is a human gene. In humans, individuals carrying rare loss of function mutations in the
CIDEB
Ability of the immune system to quickly and specifically recognize an antigen
the tissue and represent an immediate effector cell population. These cells were named memory effector T cells (TEM). After repeated stimulation they
Immunological_memory
Regulators of the immune system
ligand, CD70, on lymphocytes and dendritic cells. CD27 costimulation is known to suppress Th17 effector cell function. The American biotech company Celldex
Immune_checkpoint
Photoreceptor cells that can function in lower light better than cone cells
Rod cells are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that can function in lower light better than the other type of visual photoreceptor, cone cells
Rod_cell
Type of programmed cell death
diseases. In fact AICD in T cells might be one of the mechanisms of resistance to cancer immunotherapy. The AICD effector cell is one that expresses FasL
Activation-induced_cell_death
Medical condition
and Coombs classification in that the effector cell is also mast cell. In pseudoallergic reaction, the mast cell is directly activated, rather than through
Pseudoallergy
Immune cell found in connective tissue
MCs exhibit context-specific effector properties related to tissue types and diseases, and are highly varied. Mast cells in different tissues, such as
Mast_cell
Cell type
Finally the dividing cells differentiate into effector cells, known as plasma cells (for B cells), cytotoxic T cells, and helper T cells. Lymphoblasts can
Lymphoblast
Type of proteins
Biochemistry & Cell Biology. 42 (6): 1052–9. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2010.03.017. PMID 20348012. Sprang SR, Chen Z, Du X (2007). "Structural Basis of Effector Regulation
G_protein
Direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa
devices found in refrigerators. A Peltier cell operates on the basis of the Peltier effect. The Peltier effect can be used to create a heat pump. Notably
Thermoelectric_effect
Device used to produce electricity from light
light directly into electricity by using the photovoltaic effect. It is a type of photoelectric cell, a device whose electrical characteristics (such as current
Solar_cell
proteins of pathogens. Yet, the effector cell population that is reactive against the pathogen is dominated by cells that recognize only a certain class
Immunodominance
Form of programmed cell death
identification of the first component of the cell death control and effector mechanisms, and linkage of abnormalities in cell death to human disease, in particular
Apoptosis
Device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity
A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel (often hydrogen) and an oxidizing agent (often oxygen) into electricity
Fuel_cell
Ability of plants to withstand pathogens
multiple effector genes. DNA sequencing allows researchers to functionally "mine" NLR genes from multiple species/strains. The avrBs2 effector gene from
Plant_disease_resistance
Rejection of host tissue by a transplanted organ's immune cells
(antigen presenting cells) The efferent phase: activation, proliferation, differentiation, and migration of effector cells The effector phase: target tissue
Graft-versus-host_disease
Tn give rise to effector T cells (Teff), which then transition into effector memory T cells, and ultimately into central memory T cells (Tcm). After primary
T_memory_stem_cell
Overreaction of the immune system to an antigen
influences the effector functions elicited by immune complexes. Similarly, the glycosylation of IgG antibodies is a key modifier of effector functions, with
Hypersensitivity
Linear change in the refractive index of optical media due to an electric field
Pockels effect has been elucidated through extensive study of electro-optic properties in materials like KDP. The key component of a Pockels cell is a non-centrosymmetric
Pockels_effect
Polar morphology of a cell, a specific orientation of the cell structure
between neurons and effector cells. Many cell types are capable of migration, such as leukocytes and fibroblasts, and in order for these cells to move in one
Cell_polarity
Reaction occurring within an organism as a defence against a pathogen
production of effector T and B cells which are activated cells that defend against the pathogen. The production of these effector cells as a result of
Immune_response
Portable device to make telephone calls using a radio link
A mobile phone or cell phone is a portable wireless telephone that allows users to make and receive calls over a radio frequency link while moving within
Mobile_phone
resources for TAL effector-DNA targeting applications include the TAL Effector-Nucleotide Targeter and taleffectors.com. Engineered TAL effectors can also be
Transcription activator-like effector
Transcription_activator-like_effector
White blood cell with immune function
Since NK cells the primary effector cells within these lymphokine-activated killer cells, both NK cells and LAK cells eliminate abnormal cells through
Lymphokine-activated killer cell
Lymphokine-activated_killer_cell
Genus of bacteria
bacteria inside the host cell. For instance, the IcsA effector protein (an autotransporter, not a type-III secretion-system effector) triggers actin reorganization
Shigella
Molecules secreted by pathogenic fungi to modulate the host's immune response
from the actions of effector proteins, plants have evolved resistance proteins (R proteins), which may in turn recognise an effector and trigger a second
Fungal_effectors
elicited when an effector protein secreted by a pathogen into the host cell is successfully recognised by the host. Alternatively, effector-triggered susceptibility
Effector-triggered_immunity
Most common type of skin cancer
Basal-cell carcinoma (BCC), also known as basal-cell cancer, basalioma, or rodent ulcer, is the most common type of skin cancer. It often appears as a
Basal-cell_carcinoma
Cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) cells are a group of immune effector cells featuring a mixed T- and natural killer (NK) cell-like phenotype. They are
Cytokine-induced_killer_cell
Medication
cytokine release syndrome and neurologic toxicity, including immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity. The safety and effectiveness of elranatamab
Elranatamab
Subset of pro-inflammatory T helper cells
recruitment. In this way, Th17 cell lineage appears to be one of the three major subsets of effector T cells, as these cells are involved in regulation of
T_helper_17_cell
is an effector function of IgG and IgM antibodies. When they are bound to surface antigen on target cell (e.g. bacterial or viral infected cell), the
Complement-dependent cytotoxicity
Complement-dependent_cytotoxicity
InterPro Domain
The death-effector domain (DED) is a protein interaction domain found only in eukaryotes that regulates a variety of cellular signalling pathways. The
Death_effector_domain
Surface protein important to the immune system
cell during ADCC. CD4+ T cells (mature Th cells) provide help to B cells that produce antibodies. Several subsets of activated effector CD4+ T cells are
Fc_receptor
Tissue lining the surfaces of organs in animals
Epithelium or epithelial tissue is a thin, continuous, protective layer of cells with little extracellular matrix. An example is the epidermis, the outermost
Epithelium
Protein-coding gene in humans
the downstream effector proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Borg (binder of Rho GTPases) family of CDC42 effector proteins. Borg
CDC42_effector_protein_5
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
WD repeat containing planar cell polarity effector is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WDPCP gene. This gene encodes a cytoplasmic WD40 repeat
WD repeat containing planar cell polarity effector
WD_repeat_containing_planar_cell_polarity_effector
Tissue
preferentially found in lamina propria. This part of GALT is made up from mature effector cells ready to perform their actions.[citation needed] The GALT has been described
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue
Gut-associated_lymphoid_tissue
Removal of autoreactive T and B cells outside of the primary lymphoid organs
T cell in quiescence, ignorance of antigen and direct inactivation of effector T cells by either clonal deletion, conversion to regulatory T cells (Tregs)
Peripheral_tolerance
Surroundings of tumors including nearby cells and blood vessels
FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) whose presence may impair effector T cell function. Mutated kinases are common in cancer cells, making them attractive
Tumor_microenvironment
Form of cancer immunotherapy
degradation. The deletion of CISH in effector T cells has been shown to dramatically augment TCR signaling and subsequent effector cytokine release, proliferation
Checkpoint_inhibitor
Medical condition
Sickle cell disease (SCD), also simply called sickle cell, is a group of inherited hemoglobin-related blood disorders. Sickle cell disease is caused by
Sickle_cell_disease
Type of cancer
high numbers of abnormal blood cells. These blood cells are not fully developed and are called blasts or leukemia cells. Signs and symptoms may include
Leukemia
Medication
boxed warning for serious or fatal cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity. Warnings and precautions include serious infections
Epcoritamab
Protein-coding gene in humans
Cdc42 effector protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CDC42EP1 gene. CDC42 is a member of the Rho GTPase family that regulates multiple
CDC42EP1
State of being insusceptible or resistant to a noxious agent or process
NEMO, SPPL2A). Antiserum Antivenin Cell-mediated immunity Herd immunity Heterosubtypic immunity Hoskins effect Humoral immunity Immunology Inoculation
Immunity_(medicine)
Cytosolic multiprotein complex that mediates the activation of Caspase 1
into three groups: (1) epithelial cell death, (2) release of soluble pro-inflammatory molecules, and (3) effector cell recruitment and activation. In addition
Inflammasome
Withdrawn database record
Effector cell peptidase receptor 1, also known as EPR1, is a withdrawn database record. This locus represents an antisense transcript of the survivin
EPR1
Immune system deterioration brought on by aging
(November 2002). "Lack of proliferative capacity of human effector and memory T cells expressing killer cell lectinlike receptor G1 (KLRG1)". Blood. 100 (10):
Immunosenescence
Effector tumor antigen–specific T cells (ETASTs) are a specialized group of immune cells that can both recognize and kill cancer cells. They arise from
Effector tumor antigen-specific T cells
Effector_tumor_antigen-specific_T_cells
Protein-coding gene in humans
a death effector domain (DED). DED is a protein–protein interaction domain shared by adaptors, regulators and executors of the programmed cell death pathway
DEDD
Japanese manga series by Akane Shimizu
(English) A rookie T Cell who is too frightened to fight invasive microorganisms, until Dendritic Cell helps him transform into Effector T Cell. He and his kind
Cells_at_Work!
Immune response to nonself antigens from members of the same species
cells and by influencing alloreactive effector-regulatory T-lymphocytes ratio in favor of regulatory cells which could inhibit alloreactive effector cells
Alloimmunity
plasma cells, while activated T cells may differentiate into memory cells or effector cells that aid in the immune response. The majority of lymphocytes are
Immunoblast
Form of metabolism in tumors
Diagnostically the increased glucose consumption by cancer cells resulting from the Warburg effect is the basis for tumor detection in a PET scan, in which
Warburg_effect_(oncology)
Found in the epithelial layer of mucosal linings
long-lived resistant effector cells spread along the entire length of intestine, where they patrol the space between intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and the
Intraepithelial_lymphocyte
Microbial cell factory is an approach to bioengineering which considers microbial cells as a production facility in which the optimization process largely
Microbial_cell_factory
Protein-coding gene in humans
vital role in determining tissue- and cell-specific expression of the human cell-death-inducing DFF45-like effector A gene through the regulation of Sp1/Sp3
CIDEA
Transformation of a stem cell to a more specialized cell
specification, is the process in which a stem cell changes from one type to a differentiated one. Usually, the cell changes to a more specialized type. Differentiation
Cellular_differentiation
Biological membrane that separates the interior of a cell from its outside environment
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a semipermeable biological
Cell_membrane
make sense of inbound stimuli, and stimulate effector neurons acting as an integration center. The effector neurons leaving the integration center transmit
Axon_reflex
Events leading to cell division
The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the sequence of events that take place in a cell and lead to its division into two daughter cells. These events
Cell_cycle
Antibody isotype
in blood circulation. IgG molecules are created and released by plasma B cells. Each IgG antibody has two paratopes. Antibodies are major components of
Immunoglobulin_G
RNA-targeting CRISPR effector
"C2c2 is a single-component programmable RNA-guided RNA-targeting CRISPR effector". Science. 353 (6299) aaf5573. Bibcode:2016Sci...353f5573A. doi:10.1126/science
Cas13
of a solar cell, and give guidance on the phenomena that contribute to losses and solar cell efficiency. Photons that hit the solar cell and are either
Theory_of_solar_cells
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